Perhaps I'm biased because I'm a physicist not a statistician, but to me it is clear that physical evidence, like our physical understanding of how CO2 affects SST and how SST affects hurricanes, gives you warning
of the loaded dice long before you can prove it from the damage statistics.
The sequence of rolls
of loaded dice is random, even if you lose twice as often as expected.
It seems that the individual that wrote this paper was: «
Of loaded dice and heated arguments: Putting the Hansen — Michaels global warming debate in context» social epistemology, 2000, vol.
It is very helpful, especially the analogy
of loading the dice.
Not exact matches
In this world, where the game is played with
loaded dice, a man must have a temper
of iron, with armor proof to the blows
of fate, and weapons to make his way against men.
(2) Historically it conjures up exactly the wrong ideas — or at the very least
loads the
dice against an impartial examination
of Aristotle's real meaning.
It's made with
loads of diced Yukon gold potatoes, plus sweet potatoes, onions, and beets, and almost glows with exquisite color and rich satisfying flavor.
Loaded with fresh baby greens and arugula, the salad features generous servings
of diced red and golden beets, crumbles
of tangy goat cheese and lots
of buttery, toasted pistachios.
With this
Loaded Potato and Chicken Casserole recipe, it has a touch
of spicy kick from the hot sauce, but this definitely will appeal to chileheads because I've added
diced jalapeno chiles to the recipe.
With the additioan
of some sauteed red peppers and onions, Italian - style
diced tomatoes and chopped pepperoncini, this queso dip was
loaded with flavor!
«I think Harley Barker
loads the
dice far more in favour
of Trebell than against him, but he mitigates that by making some
of his aspiration naïve, perhaps,» Michell says.
Otto said: «Past greenhouse gas emission and other forms
of pollution have
loaded the weather
dice», adding that she and others were still working on investigating the implications
of the results, for river flows, flooding and ultimately the threat to property and lives.
According to Dr. Kevin Trenberth at NCAR in Boulder, Colo., an increase in water vapor floating overhead, triggered by warming
of the atmosphere and oceans, is already
loading the
dice.
Strawberry Baked Oatmeal Cups are
loaded with chewy oats, crunchy almonds, sweet coconut, & fresh
diced strawberries for a wholesome, perfectly - portioned breakfast ideal for making ahead
of time and reheating in the morning!
Despite the
loaded dice, Love Orchard is an entertaining and well made picture, with the added attraction
of Bruce Dern.
Unlike the real game
of craps where the odds
of rolling a seven are statistically predictable ahead
of time (one in six rolls
of two
dice), Amazon's
dice are
loaded.
EA and
DICE have been listening to fans and made
loads of changes to make just about everyone happy.
There's no arguing, either, that it's an awful lot
of fun to switch off your brain and run around a map
dicing up a
load of enemies.
«The climate
dice are now
loaded to a degree that a perceptive person old enough to remember the climate
of 1951 — 1980 should recognize the existence
of climate change, especially in summer.»
Seems to me that if there's a high degree
of certainty about
loaded rolls
of the Wx
dice into the future, you can't dismiss out
of hand, as he has, that said
loaded rolls
of the
dice have been at least a qualitative factor in prior Wx extremes since the AGW signal appeared.
Pielke, Jr. has already created his «bullshit» button for anyone saying the report be used to attribute the costs
of losses (to date) from
loaded rolls
of the weather
dice thanks to climate change.
Fact is, at this point no weather is uninfluenced but no single event is «evidence» in a court
of law sense; you can't isolate it but when a whole season is out
of whack we're human and note it confirms the
loaded dice impression.
We don't know enough to quantify collapse scenarios accurately, but modern society is «
loading the
dice» towards the collapse
of civilisation.
In 1988, James E. Hansen, the NASA climate scientist who, through much
of his career, has pressed elected officials to limit greenhouse gas emissions, constructed «
loaded» cardboard
dice for a Senate hearing, to illustrate that we were, in essence, tipping the climate system toward ever higher odds
of unpleasant events like droughts and flooding rains.
The «
loaded dice» /» return time» /» frequency
of extremes» metrics being used by Hansen, Pall, Rahmstorf & Coumou, Allen etc. are going to be much more useful for anyone who cares about what effects these extremes are having.
He used the example you picture here (the
dice), saying essentially that anthropogenic forcing could be thought
of as
loading the climate
dice towards undesirable outcomes.
The probability distributions published by Hansen are a logical extention
of his «
loaded dice» analogy.
Re-read what Jim Hansen
of NASA has long said about how the building greenhouse effect was
loading the climate
dice.
It would be foolish to just play on until the
loading of the
dice finally becomes evident even in highly noisy statistics.
This is how I understand it (correct me if I am wrong): It's like with increasing GHGs in the atmosphere the
dice are increasing
loaded for such record - breaking events, but under the null hypothesis (that increasing GHGs have no effect) there is this very long long tail
of possibility.
Back in 1988, this was a core message
of James Hansen
of NASA, who compared the impact
of global warming on year - to - year conditions to the progressive
loading of a pair
of climate «
dice» toward hot outcomes.
No single weather event can be attributed to climate change, but a warming climate does
load the
dice in favor
of heavier extreme precipitation events.
John M. Wallace, a longtime climate scientist at the University
of Washington (see my recent post on the
loaded climate «
dice» for more), wrote:
You may well be right that many
of the results we're seeing are because the
dice are currently
loaded against the science, but in my opinion, that kind
of conclusion is simply not scientific.
«Climate
dice,» describing the chance
of unusually warm or cool seasons relative to climatology, have become progressively «
loaded» in the past 30 years, coincident with rapid global warming.
For many years, one
of the most popular metaphors for describing how global warming will influence patterns
of extreme weather events has been a progressive
loading of dice.
August 19, 8:17 p.m. Updated Make sure to check the
loaded climate
dice cartoon created by Marc Roberts, my favorite climate blogtoonist (
of course, he's probably the only such artist).
Specifically «While natural chaotic variability remains a component
of mid-latitude atmospheric variability, recent loss
of Arctic sea ice, with its signature on mid-latitude atmospheric circulation, may
load the
dice in favor
of snowier conditions in large parts
of northern mid-latitudes.»
Again, some
of these words are not mine such as «
load the
dice».
Loaded dice: The perfect analogy for deciding whether our weirdly warm winter was the result
of climate change or luck.
[7] Kevin D. Dayaratna and David W. Kreutzer, «Unfounded FUND: Yet Another EPA Model Not Ready for the Big Game,» Heritage Foundation Backgrounder No. 2897, April 29, 2014, http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2014/04/unfounded-fund-yet-another-epa-model-not-ready-for-the-big-game; Kevin D. Dayaratna and David W. Kreutzer, «
Loaded DICE: An EPA Model Not Ready for the Big Game,» Heritage Foundation Backgrounder No. 2860, November 21, 2013, http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2013/11/
loaded-
dice-an-epa-model-not-ready-for-the-big-game; and U.S. Interagency Working Group on Social Cost
of Carbon, «Technical Update
of the Social Cost
of Carbon for Regulatory Impact Analysis Under Executive Order 12866,» The White House, July 2015, p. 18, https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/inforeg/scc-tsd-final-july-2015.pdf (accessed March 25, 2016).
It is equivalent to the
loading of dice, leading to one side being heavier, so that a certain outcome becomes more likely.
He said: «Whether or not a flood occurs in any given year is still an act
of God but with the help
of thousands
of volunteers we are beginning to see how human influence on climate may be starting to
load God's
dice.»
However Flannery et al claim we have now
loaded the
dice which in gaming parlance means that you weight the
dice in a particular way so as to change the chance
of probability and skew the results by artificially creating an imbalance in the die itself causing the same number to be rolled over and over again.
He interviews our good friend Gavin Schmidt, and explains how rising greenhouse gases are «
loading the climate
dice» — changing the relative odds
of different extremes, rather than eliminating all cold days entirely.
Heavy snowstorms are not inconsistent with a warming planet... In fact, as the Earth gets warmer and more moisture gets absorbed into the atmosphere, we are steadily
loading the
dice in favor
of more extreme storms in all seasons, capable
of causing greater impacts on society... If the climate continues to warm, we should expect an increase in heavy snow events for a few decades, until the climate grows so warm that we pass the point where it's too warm for it to snow heavily.
Part
of the thinking here is simply that certain aspects
of the storm (lowest barometric pressure for a winter cyclone in the Northeast) and its consequences (worst flooding
of the New York City subway system) are «unprecedented,» so what more proof do we need that our fuelish ways have dangerously
loaded the climate
dice to produce ever more terrible extremes?
That climate change would
load the
dice in favour
of more intense disasters is well established.
So far we've only increased the temperature
of the planet about a degree, and that's been enough to set the Arctic to melting, turn the ocean 30 % more acidic and make the atmosphere about 4 % wetter,
loading the
dice for floods.
It is, however, «
loading the
dice» by increasing the amount
of energy in the atmosphere, making events that would occur naturally all the more powerful and violent.