Fluctuations
of local glaciers in Greenland during latest Pleistocene and Holocene time.
Mean annual air temperature is around -19.8 °C, and the majority
of the local glaciers are cold throughout [17].
Li Zhongqin, director
of the local glacier monitoring station, said «lots of people came because they thought it would be their last chance to do so.»
Not exact matches
For example, the rise in immediate cost
of transportation, in a context where its indirect effects on speeding the melting
of the
glaciers are recognized, will almost certainly favor
local production
of food.
Huss gathered more than 100 years
of field measurements, aerial photographs, and
local weather logs pertaining to 30 large Swiss
glaciers to build computer models
of each, identifying fast melt in the 1940s and in the past couple
of decades.
Now a
local Indian civil engineer has mastered the art
of making «artificial
glaciers» that deliver water when it's needed most — in the early spring, right after farmers sow their single crop
of wheat, barley, or peas.
Join our
local naturalist guide for a leisurely hike through Olympic National Park and discover its three distinct ecosystems: rugged
glacier - capped mountains, wild Pacific coastline and the magnificent old - growth Hoh Rain Forest, one
of the few temperate rainforests in the U.S.
Permafrost has thawed, causing houses to slide off suddenly muddy cliffs; sea ice has thinned, creating expanses
of open water that rise up in ever higher storm surges; and
glaciers are melting, leading
local sea levels to climb (albeit very slightly).
With so many instruments on the Yahtse, researchers have a unique opportunity to monitor changes along the length
of the
glacier and discover how, for example,
local changes in ocean temperature and currents relate to movement further up the
glacier.
Head to your
local science center and check out NASA's new short film showcasing the frozen portions
of the earth known as the cryosphere, which includes not only
glaciers and permafrost but also frozen lakes and rivers and areas with seasonal snowfall.
The
local diversity and unique geologic history (covered by neither
glaciers nor oceans for the past 225 million years, the Ozarks provided refuge for migrating species during the Ice Age) explain the richness
of the lichens here: some 600 named species, along with 30 recently discovered ones awaiting their official designation.
Ramanathan, who also spoke at the meeting Monday, says that the study by Yasunari and colleagues included a more detailed,
local model
of an actual
glacier.
Layers
of ice in the upper reaches
of glaciers provide a year - by - year chronicle
of soot emitted by
local industry and by the coal and wood burned to heat homes in the valleys nearby.
Hoffmann adds: «A nation - wide risk assessment
of potentially dangerous glacial lakes would be
of great interest to
local communities in
glacier watersheds.»
Professor Poinar continues, «Mammoths were much better at adapting to new habitats than we first thought — we suspect that subgroups
of mammoths evolved to deal with
local conditions, but maintained genetic continuity by encountering and potentially interbreeding with each other where their two different habitats met, such as at the edge
of glaciers and ice sheets.»
But unlike the lower
glaciers, most
of the high
glaciers are located in very cold environments and require greater amounts
of atmospheric warming before
local temperatures rise enough to cause significant melting.
Indeed, within the Baltic Sea, the multitude
of small Alaskan
Glaciers actually now contributes more to
local sea - level rise than the massive Greenland ice sheet.
Dan Kellog, an engineer (not climate scientist) on another blog, has raised the issue
of once a
glacier has melted away, the
local temps could rise dramatically (and perhaps, averaged altogether around the world as
glaciers melt away, increase the rate
of global warming).
They used a combination
of field observations and data from
local weather stations to test a model
of glacier change over the past 50 years.
- Greenland - With sub-zero shoots on
glaciers and frozen rivers, travel with the filmmakers to Greenland to meet the
locals and experience the magnificent landscapes captured for the powerful opening
of the film (Blu - ray only)
Park guards view maps and photos
of high - altitude
glaciers — information that can be shared with
local communities dealing with changing water levels.
Venture to the land
of the grizzlies and glistening
glaciers - your in - depth exploration
of the Rocky Mountains begins in Stampede country, taking you through scenic icefields, breathtaking lake landscapes, and alpine villages before you embrace your inner Canadian and learn the art
of playing the puck from a
local pro.
Magical Huaraz program is a complete tour which contains elements
of the region's main cultural and natural circuits, starting with the delightful city
of Huaraz, journeying along the Callejón de Huaylas, visiting Chavín de Huántar, contemplating the snow - capped Mount Pastoruri and lagoons, crossing the White Cordillera, through the Tunnel
of Cahuish, going on a hike on the
glacier, observing the famous Phuyas de Raymondi which are naturally gaseous water pools, ancient paintings on rocks, and we'll have a chance to enjoy beautiful landscapes and thermal baths, appreciate
local handicraft and taste the exquisite regional gastronomy.
The physical processes by which energy might be added into the
glacier material include: (A) convection between the
glacier surfaces and
local surrounding atmosphere and water, (B) direct radiation onto the exposed surfaces
of the material, (C) addition
of material that is at a temperature higher than the melting temperature onto the top
of the
glacier (rain, say), (D) Sublimation
of the ice directly into the atmosphere, and (E) conduction into the material from the contact areas between the
glacier and surrounding solid material.
RE # 30 & the Haiti quake being strengthened by landslides / erosion (due to deluges and hurricanes), it made a tiny bit
of sense to me, since I'd read something earlier about how
glacier melt in Greenland may be causing or contributing to very minor,
local quakes.
Dan Kellog, an engineer (not climate scientist) on another blog, has raised the issue
of once a
glacier has melted away, the
local temps could rise dramatically (and perhaps, averaged altogether around the world as
glaciers melt away, increase the rate
of global warming).
And I would argue that the only valid physical parameters are those
local to and characteristic
of each individual
glacier.
The aspect
of the paper that has attracted the most attention is the claim that the retreat
of the Kilimanjaro summit
glaciers can be explained by precipitation reduction, without any compelling need to invoke a warming trend in
local air temperature.
[Response: I couldn't find the specific post you refer to, but in any case the answer is that alpine
glaciers cover a very small fraction
of the globe, and their disappearance will have very little impact on
local temperature.
Each
of these is
local to and characteristic
of a single
glacier of interest.
As President Obama embarks on the most ambitious presidential exploration
of Alaska in U.S. history, he hopes to call attention to the threats facing that state's precious and majestic
glaciers, attending a State Department - sponsored conference on
glaciers and meeting with
locals concerned about their melting.
However, I've never seen a single media article in any U.S. press outlet that covered these issues — the large - scale evidence for global warming (melting
glaciers, warming poles, shrinking sea ice, ocean temperatures) to the
local scale (more intense hurricanes, more intense precipitation, more frequent droughts and heat waves) while also discussing the real causes (fossil fuels and deforestation) and the real solutions (replacement
of fossil fuels with renewables, limiting deforestation, and halting the use
of fossil fuels, especially coal and oil.)
The
local government in Yunnan province is considering a tourist ban on the Jade Dragon Snow Mountain where
glaciers are melting rapidly as well, said Huang Chengde, head
of the Guiyang Public Environment Education Centre, who has just returned from a trip to Yunnan.
Glaciers of the Washington Cascade and Olympic Mountains; their present activity and itsrelation to
local climatic trends.
Isostatic rebound in response to
glacier retreat (unloading), increase in
local salinity (i.e., δ18Osw), have been attributed to increased volcanic activity at the onset
of Bølling — Allerød, are associated with the interval
of intense volcanic activity, hinting at a interaction between climate and volcanism - enhanced short - term melting
of glaciers, possibly via albedo changes from particle fallout on
glacier surfaces.
Mass - balance modelling
of all
glaciers individually is not practical because no detailed description exists for the great majority
of them, and because
local climate data are not available; even regional climate models do not have sufficient resolution, while downscaling methods can not generally be used because
local climate measurements have not been made (see Section 10.7).
Oerlemans and Fortuin (1992) derived an empirical relationship between the mass balance sensitivity
of a
glacier to temperature change and the
local average precipitation, which is the principal factor determining its mass turnover rate.
Gregory and Oerlemans (1998) applied
local seasonal temperature changes over 1860 to 1990 calculated by the HadCM2 AOGCM forced by changing greenhouse gases and aerosols (HadCM2 GS in Table 9.1) to the
glacier model
of Zuo and Oerlemans.
They worked with satellite images and measurements
of the
glaciers along with
local weather data to understand what happened over the last few decades.
This conclusion has subsequently been supported by an array
of evidence that includes both additional large - scale surface temperature reconstructions and pronounced changes in a variety
of local proxy indicators, such as melting on icecaps and the retreat
of glaciers around the world, which in many cases appear to be unprecedented during at least the last 2000 years.
Within a couple
of decades, numerous other
glaciers are expected to follow suit, disrupting
local hydrological patterns and agriculture.
Sort
of like global warming: «generally» rising has
local cooling (suggesting that, like glaciers, the LOCAL situation, like cloudiness / albedo / ocean currents) is the significant factor, and not an equally distributed, universal force (like
local cooling (suggesting that, like
glaciers, the
LOCAL situation, like cloudiness / albedo / ocean currents) is the significant factor, and not an equally distributed, universal force (like
LOCAL situation, like cloudiness / albedo / ocean currents) is the significant factor, and not an equally distributed, universal force (like CO2)
The
glacier remained relatively stable from 1960 to 2002, coinciding with cooler - than - average
local summer temperatures through the mid - 1990s.3 After
local summer temperatures began to rise, around 1995, Kangerdlugssuaq's speed more than doubled, from an average
of 49 feet (15 meters) per day in 2001 to 131 feet (40 meters) per day in 2005.6
Fact is
glaciers move as rivers do: though generally downhill in a given direction, locally they follow the contours
of the
local topography.
«This allows us to get a better picture
of projected regional ice volume change and potential impacts on
local water supplies, and changes in
glacier size distribution,» Radic said.
PCIC's PRISM climatologies use observations
of temperature and precipitation from thousands
of stations in BC and integrate other sources
of information, including digital elevation data, snow data, upper atmosphere climatologies,
glacier inventories, and
local and expert knowledge in order create a climatology
of the province at a scale
of 800 metres, for the period
of 1971 — 2000.
To know what these high numbers mean for
local changes on the world's coastlines, you need a framework that accounts for all the key drivers: among them not just Antarctica, but also Greenland, mountain
glaciers, the expansion
of the warming ocean, changes in winds and current, shifts in Earth's gravitational field, and land motion.
This strong degree
of correlation indicates that regional climate patterns, not
local microclimates, are the primary control
of glacier annual balance in the North Cascades.
Outstanding Outfitters Wildland Adventures, which will whisk you off to the rainforest,
glaciers, desert, or anywhere inbetween, is one
of the most respected eco-travel outfitters, and this year won the Conde Nast Traveler's Green List award for its «commitment to preserving natural surroundings and contributing to
local cultures.»
Some
of the advancing
glaciers are surge - type
glaciers, which move forward more rapidly than average in a short period
of time... likely due to unique and
local conditions.