Whilst the various owners of the work will be geographically dispersed, the needle of every compass will be uniformly trained to the location
of magnetic north, creating an invisible bridge between all its recipients.
Some animals can detect this field, which reveals the direction
of magnetic north, and use it to navigate (see «Whales and terns turn together»).
If science can figure out how to move electrons across silicon, it can teach watchmakers how to tell us the temperature, the weather, the altitude, the day of the week, the direction
of magnetic north, and, yes, even the time — all on the face of a single wristwatch.
A geomagnetic reversal is a change in the orientation of Earth's magnetic field such that the positions
of magnetic north and magnetic south become interchanged.
During reversals, Earth's field weakens (although it does not disappear entirely), and the direction
of magnetic north may vary wildly.
Not exact matches
The company has developed a machine that uses electricity to print the
magnetic equivalent
of pixels on a surface — complex patterns
of north and south polarity points — allowing precise control over the topology
of the
magnetic fields.
Biologist Kenneth Lohmann
of the University
of North Carolina in the United States, quoted in National Geographic News, says that «It seems they inherited some sort
of magnetic map.»
The world has its mysteries, and one
of them is that dogs seem to know where
magnetic north is, as shown by their orientation when they relieve themselves.
A compass is not made
of the same substance as a
magnetic field, nor is it sent or chosen by the
north pole, but it is accurately sensitive to the pull and direction
of the
magnetic field within which we live.
Bees home in on brilliant ultraviolet patterns that we see as plain white daisies; pigeons can literally align themselves to
magnetic north because
of magnetite in their brains.
The earth has
North and South poles because
of the «
Magnetic Field» generated by the its metallic molten core.
As the molten rock solidified, the minerals preserved a record
of Earth's polarity, the direction its
north and south
magnetic poles pointed at the time.
The difference between
magnetic and true
north, called
magnetic declination, varies slightly with time and place, reflecting shifts in the flow
of the molten iron.
Which could account for our planet's weird history
of magnetic field reversals, with
north and south poles swapping places.
Unlike Earth, which has two
magnetic poles (
north and south), ice giants can have many local
magnetic poles, which leading theories suggest may be due to superionic ice and ionic water in the mantle
of these planets.
For example, scientists don't understand why the
magnetic field is as strong as it is, or why the field reverses polarity — the
North Pole becomes the South Pole and vice versa — every several hundreds
of thousands
of years, briefly vanishing in between.
Scientists have been taking direct measurements
of the field only since 1837, but mariners have been watching
magnetic north far longer.
This current fills the core and is the source
of tremendous magnetism; its poles, located roughly at the ends
of Earth's axis, mark
magnetic north and south.
But when the sun ejects major blasts
of particles in flares and solar storms, these belts overflow and send electrons streaming toward Earth along the looping lines
of the
magnetic field, which intersect the planet near the
north and south poles.
As far as we can tell, though, nature only supplies
magnetic charges, or poles, in pairs — the inseparable
north and south poles
of the bar magnets beloved
of school science demonstrations, for example.
A quick shipboard analysis
of magnetic orientations frozen in the rocks hinted that those volcanoes erupted farther
north than Hawaii's current latitude, implying that the hot spot had moved south over time (Science, 11 January, p. 260).
All known magnets have both a
north and south pole, as illustrated in the inset image, with lines indicating the direction
of the
magnetic field.
In this case, the location
of this
magnetic anomaly would then mark the initial location where
North America split from the rest
of Pangea as that ancient supercontinent broke apart.
This new study by Elias Parker Jr.
of the University
of Georgia examines a prominent swath
of lower - than - normal magnetism — known as the Brunswick
Magnetic Anomaly — that stretches from Alabama through Georgia and off shore to the
North Carolina coast.
And here's something to add even more confusion to the
north magnetic pole (aka dip pole) versus
north geomagnetic pole (aka dipole): the
magnetic pole in Earth's northern hemisphere acts like the south pole
of a bar magnet.
So the
north magnetic pole is where the earth's
magnetic field lines pull toward the planet, acting like the south pole
of a bar magnet.
«The
north pole
of your bar magnet is attracted to the
north [
magnetic] pole
of the earth,» Maus adds, the reverse
of the usual situation in which like poles on magnets repel one another.
From a physics standpoint, then, the
north needle
of a compass (or any magnet) points to what is physically — but not in name — the south
magnetic pole
of the earth, in other words, in the direction
of the Arctic.
Correction: This article has been updated to correct the frequency with which the
north and south poles
of Earth's
magnetic field swap places.
6 Reversal
of Earth's
magnetic field Every few hundred thousand years Earth's
magnetic field dwindles almost to nothing for perhaps a century, then gradually reappears with the
north and south poles flipped.
The direction
of the
magnetic field — the
north / south orientation — depends on the direction
of the flow
of the electricity.
Los Alamos National Laboratory staff scientist Cristiano Nisoli explained, «The emergence
of magnetic monopoles in spin ice systems is a particular case
of what physicists call fractionalization, or deconfinement
of quasi-particles that together are seen as comprising the fundamental unit
of the system, in this case the
north and south poles
of a nanomagnet.
In the honeycomb pattern, where three
magnetic poles intersect, a net charge
of north or south is forced at each vertex.
Biologists Kenneth Lohmann and Larry Boles at the University
of North Carolina discovered that the spiny lobster Panulirus argus, an invertebrate not celebrated for brainpower, relies on an internal
magnetic compass.
Monarchs, they found, navigate
north or south using the change in dip
of Earth's
magnetic field lines with latitude.
Travis Horton at the University
of Canterbury, New Zealand, plotted the migratory tracks from each species over a detailed
magnetic map
of Earth, which shows how the
magnetic field's inclination and declination — the angular difference between the field lines and true
north — vary from point to point.
To find out how the turtles remain within the gyre, Ken Lohmann
of the University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and colleagues made hatchlings swim in the presence
of magnetic fields that simulated locations off Portugal, by which the gyre passes.
And that if you heat a magnet up enough, then you have no magnet at all: High temperatures randomly jumble all the bits
of magnetic material (ultimately orientations
of spinning electrons) that had aligned themselves along the
north - to - south - pole axis.
A better understanding
of the structure
of Earth's inner core would clarify its role in locking the planet's
magnetic field in its
north - south position, which has the effect
of insulating terrestrial life from a lethal bombardment
of cosmic rays.
Upon exiting the heliopause, the local measurements
of the
magnetic field by Voyager 1, shown here as a compass needle, differed by 40 degrees from the «true
magnetic north» estimated to be the direction
of the
magnetic field in the pristine interstellar medium.
And NSF didn't get its wish to start construction
of a polar cap observatory near the
magnetic North Pole.
Therefore, the spacecraft is moving through a special region
of space where
magnetic fields are rotated away from true
magnetic north.
The ribbon center is the direction
of «true
magnetic north» for the pristine interstellar
magnetic field.
Every now and then the earth's
magnetic field, which here points
north and down, would reverse and point south and up, all due to the convection
of the liquid outer core
of the earth.
Based on the theory that
magnetic fields affect the overall light sensitivity
of birds» eyes, Heyers's best guess is that birds see
north as a dark spot, with a gradient
of light representing other directions.
Magnetic traces have long been used to calculate the latitudes, the
north - south positions,
of ancient continents.
They seem to hatch with a set
of directions, which, with the help
of their
magnetic sense, ensures that they always stay in warm waters during their first migration around the rim
of the
North Atlantic.
At each
of those intervals, Xi Tian, recent Penn State doctoral student and now a postdoctoral scholar at the University
of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, measured and evaluated fetuses, examining them with light microscopy and
magnetic resonance imaging.
«The beauty
of spin ice is that the remaining degree
of disorder in this low - temperature phase makes these two points independent
of each other, apart from the fact that they attract each other from a
magnetic point
of view because one is a
north and one is a south,» Castelnovo points out.
«The beauty
of spin ice is that the remaining degree
of disorder in this low - temperature phase makes these two points independent
of each other, apart from the fact that they attract each other from a
magnetic point
of view because one is a
north and one is a south,» Castelnovo says.