The magnitude of electric field in the atmosphere is proportional to the nearness
of magnetopause to the Earth..
However, it should be noted that the significance
of magnetopause reconnection at Saturn is under debate (Masters et al. 2012).
Cassini UVIS observations revealed recently the presence of small - scale structures in the dayside main auroral emissions indicative
of magnetopause Kelvin - Helmholtz instabilities, which are key elements of the solar wind - magnetosphere viscous interaction (Grodent et al. 2011).
Moreover, recent studies indicated that reconnection has a less important role at Saturn than at the Earth, in large - scale transport near the subsolar region
of the magnetopause (Lai et al. 2012).
Recently, it was suggested that only a limited fraction
of the magnetopause surface could become open (Masters et al. 2012).
Not exact matches
Using data from NASA's Time History
of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) mission, Raeder and his Ph.D. student Shiva Kavosi (lead author) found that Kelvin - Helmholtz waves actually occur 20 percent
of the time at the
magnetopause and can change the energy levels
of our planet's radiation belts.
As the MMS team reports today in Science, instead
of the turbulent swirling
of electrons that some theorists had predicted, researchers found that the electrons moved in a more concerted way, meandering back and forth across the
magnetopause.
On the other hand, Cassini plasma and magnetic field observations revealed signatures
of reconnection at Saturn's
magnetopause (McAndrews et al. 2008).
Alternatively to solar wind driven reconnection, the viscous interaction
of the solar wind with the planetary magnetosphere, which involves magnetic reconnection on a small scale (Delamere & Bagenal 2013), influences Saturn's
magnetopause dynamics.
If the Sun's magnetic field tilts south near the
magnetopause, it can partially cancel Earth's magnetic field at the point
of contact.
This explains the presence
of reservoirs
of high - energy particles under these areas in the
magnetopause but for some time scientists remained puzzled as to why these reservoirs are also found in areas where the two magnetic fields at the
magnetopause are aligned and should therefore create an impenetrable barrier.
Auroras are a consequence
of the solar wind penetrating the
magnetopause when magnetic reconnection occurs.
Feynman andRuzmaikin (1999) found that, «the intensity
of cosmic rays incident on the
magnetopause has decreased markedly during this century,» i.e., the twentieth century (and also that, «the pattern
of cosmic ray precipitation through the magnetosphere to the upper troposphere has also changed.»
Taking the earths
magnetopause into account, there is no evidence that carbon changes the amount
of energy contained within it.