The results, taken from the pregnancies of more than 1,000 Chinese women, suggest that when it comes to babies» birth weights, the timing
of maternal weight gain matters, a lot.
Not exact matches
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Effect
of Exercise on
Maternal Health • Reduced fat deposition • Less
weight retention in the postpartum period • Higher energy levels during and after pregnancy • Greater tolerance to the physiological and psychological demands
of pregnancy • Fewer physical complaints • Shorter and less complicated labors • Less incidence
of surgical intervention in labor • Quicker postpartum recovery
Helping adolescent males to delay fatherhood may also be important from a child health perspective: research that controlled for
maternal age and other key factors found teenage fatherhood associated with an increased risk
of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth, low birth
weight and neonatal death (Chen et al, 2007).
In fact, the amount that an infant would receive would be only 5 - 6 %
of the
weight - adjusted
maternal dose.
The researchers note that avocados are unique among fruits and vegetables in that, by
weight, they contain much higher amounts
of the key nutrients folate and potassium, which are normally under - consumed in
maternal diets.
Around 5 to 12 pounds
of the
weight you gained during pregnancy goes as
maternal stores or extra fat that you can use for energy for later use.
Maternal deprivation is a term used to describe a situation in which a child does not receive an adequate amount
of consistent care as an infant and is believed to be one
of the causes
of failure to thrive, which is characterized by failure to gain
weight and to achieve developmental milestones.
Baby
weight depends on a lot
of different factors - parental build and height,
maternal weight, ethnicity, birth order etc..
Ways To Slim Down After Maternity
Weight control is a typical issue for a number
of ladies after
maternal.
Murashima, Megumi, Ph.D., Sharon L. Hoerr, RD, Ph.D., Sheryl O. Hughes, Ph.D., Kendra K. Kattlemann, RD, Ph.D., and Beatrice W. Phillips, RD. «
Maternal Parenting Behaviors During Childhood Relate to
Weight Status and Fruit and Vegetable Intake
of College Students.»
Keeping
maternal weight up or down for the health
of the baby is always a concern for mothers.
Also keep this in mind: «As long as your baby is gaining
weight consistently and his diapers show that he is eating enough, you can assume that he's getting plenty
of milk,» says Jeanette Panchula, R.N., P.H.N., I.B.C.L.C., a lactation consultant at the Solano County Department
of Public Health and the California Department
of Public Health's
Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health division.
A review
of current randomized controlled trials suggest that the benefits
of holding for preterm babies include shortened hospital stay, decreased illness, higher exclusive breastfeeding rates / longer breastfeeding duration, increased
weight gain, improved temperature regulation, and improved
maternal sense
of competence.
Kathleen M. Rasmussen, ScD, RD, the Nancy Schlegel Meinig professor
of maternal and child nutrition at Cornell University and chair
of the IOM committee that authored the May 2009
Weight Gain During Pregnancy Report.
Some
of these risks, such as anemia, slow
maternal weight gain, stressful work habits, smoking, drinking alcohol, and using drugs like cocaine, can be rectified during pregnancy.
Mean and standard errors
of monthly
weight gain after adjusting for
maternal age; race / ethnicity; education; household income; marital status; parity; postpartum Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children program participation; prepregnancy body mass index (calculated as
weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); infant sex; gestational age; birth
weight; age at solid food introduction; and sweet drinks consumption.
Our use
of observational data reflects the existing literature on lactation and
maternal health; apart from a single randomized trial examining the effect
of exclusive lactation duration on
maternal weight loss, 48 there are no published studies
of maternal health outcomes in randomized trials
of breastfeeding.
Descriptive data (eg,
maternal age, ethnicity, parity, and infant birth
weight) and information on SIDS risk factors (eg, history
of maternal smoking during pregnancy) were collected by interview at the time
of enrollment.
Statistical methods were used to adjust the findings for a range
of maternal factors, including BMI, as well as infant sex, gestational age, birth
weight, and age
of solid food introduction.
Descriptive statistics were reported for
maternal demographic, social, and obstetric characteristics by maternity unit Baby Friendly status with a comparison
of percentages,
weighted for design effect (F statistic27 significance P ≤ 0.05).
Postnatal
weight gain was taken from pediatric records, and the frequency
of side effects was measured by
maternal response to the interview questionnaire.
A number
of factors that are associated with poverty may exert a negative influence on a child's social and emotional development: a lack
of community support, single parenthood, low parental education,
maternal depression, nutrition, low birth
weight and infant health are just some
of the variables.
Studies comparing human milk from preterm mothers with that from term mothers suggest that these immunologic benefits may be even greater for preterm infants because secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA), lysozyme, lactoferrin, and interferon are found in greater concentrations in preterm human milk compared with term milk.2 — 4 Very low birth
weight (VLBW) infants do not benefit from the transplacental transfer
of maternal immunoglobulins that occurs primarily after 34 weeks
of gestation.5 These infants are exposed to abundant pathogenic organisms during neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) hospitalization and may benefit from the host defense factors present in preterm human milk.6 — 9
Other
maternal variables tested in the model included
maternal age, ethnic group, socioeconomic status, parity, prepregnancy
weight and height, CES - D score, and use
of tobacco.
Although only 70 %
of the women in our study completed a CES - D questionnaire, the fact that the scores were similar for the two groups suggests that
maternal condition is not a major contributor to reduced infant
weight gain.
Data set forth by Taddio et al, 7 estimating that < 10 %
of the
maternal dose
of fluoxetine is transferred to the nursing infant on a
weight - adjusted basis, argue against that explanation.
But it can also be a source
of anxiety, according to Melissa Dobbins, a spokeswoman for the Academy
of Nutrition and Dietetics and prenatal nutrition coordinator at the Centers for
Maternal and Fetal Health at NorthShore University HealthSystem in Evanston, Ill. «We spend our whole lives avoiding
weight gain.
Main outcome measures were
maternal outcomes (mortality; place and mode
of birth; perineal trauma; type
of management
of the third stage
of labor; post-partum hemorrhage; transfer to hospital); and neonatal outcomes (early mortality; Apgar score at 5 minutes; birth
weight; breast - feeding initially and at 6 weeks; significant morbidity; transfer to hospital; admission to a special care nursery).
Studies that have evaluated the role
of maternal characteristics, such as age,
weight, and ethnicity, have consistently found these factors do not account fully for the temporal increase in the cesarean delivery rate or its regional variations (13 — 15).
Parity, delayed pushing, use
of epidural analgesia,
maternal body mass index, birth
weight, occiput posterior position, and fetal station at complete dilation all have been shown to affect the length
of the second stage
of labor (26).
Lactation counselling for mothers
of very low birth
weight infants: Effect on
maternal anxiety and infant intake
of human milk
lion
of zion, for the specific population
of healthy normal woman with healthy normal pregnancies, they have found that home births actually have better outcomes for both baby and mother — i.e. better apgars, better
weight gain after the birth, and other indicators
of maternal and baby wellbeing.
The Effect
of Maternal Breast Variations on Neonatal
Weight Gain in the First Seven Days
of Life.
The 2 groups were similar on all measured characteristics, including
maternal ethnicity, educational status, age, parity, breastfeeding history, and infant birth
weight (intervention group, 1914.4 g; control group, 1840 g); gestational age; sex; and length
of hospital stay (intervention group, mean 27.1 days [range, 2 - 81 days]; control group, mean 25.2 days [range, 1 - 104 days]-RRB-(Table 1).
Most studies addressed the issue
of confounding by restricting the sample to low risk pregnancies and demonstrating that the two groups had similar
maternal and gestational age, some demonstrated similar birth
weights.
Studies have shown that consumption
of illegal drugs during pregnancy can result in miscarriage, low birth
weight, premature labor, placental abruption, fetal death, and even
maternal death.
Although we could not find estimates
of fan use in the US population, we examined the potential selection bias by evaluating characteristics associated with SIDS risks in study participants and nonparticipants in a previously published article.16 Using California birth certificate data, we compared the ORs for
maternal age,
maternal education, parity, birth
weight, infant sex, and late initiation
of prenatal care (> 5 months» gestation).
Nommsen - Rivers» previous research had shown that for mothers with markers
of sub-optimal glucose metabolism, such as being overweight, being at an advanced
maternal age, or having a large birth -
weight baby, it takes longer for their milk to come in, suggesting a role for insulin in the mammary gland.
This number is made up
of a
weighted average
of the rates
of all the sub-populations including: Nullips who plan a section (e.g. for breech or
maternal request) Nullips who do a trial
of labor but end up going to section.
In 2016, she completed a postdoctoral fellowship on effect
of infant feeding method on
maternal eating behaviour, food choice and
weight control.
Other factors that negatively influence the likelihood
of VBAC include increasing
maternal age, high body mass index (BMI, calculated as
weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared), high birth
weight, and advanced gestational age at delivery (more than 40 weeks)(45, 49 — 55).
This visit should include infant
weight; physical examination, especially for jaundice and hydration;
maternal history
of breast problems (painful feedings, engorgement); infant elimination patterns (expect 3 — 5 urines and 3 — 4 stools per day by 3 — 5 days
of age; 4 — 6 urines and 3 — 6 stools per day by 5 — 7 days
of age); and a formal, observed evaluation
of breastfeeding, including position, latch, and milk transfer.
In 2009, the Institute
of Medicine issued new guidelines for
maternal pregnancy
weight gain.
The relation between early mother - infant skin - to - skin contact and later
maternal sensitivity in South African mothers
of low birth
weight infants.
Fetal macrosomia is more likely to be a result
of maternal diabetes, obesity or
weight gain during pregnancy than other causes.
A prospective cohort study found the SIDS rate to be significantly increased for infants exposed in utero to methadone (OR: 3.6 [95 % CI: 2.5 — 5.1]-RRB-, heroin (OR: 2.3 [95 % CI: 1.3 — 4.0]-RRB-, methadone and heroin (OR: 3.2 [95 % CI: 1.2 — 8.6]-RRB-, and cocaine (OR: 1.6 [95 % CI: 1.2 — 2.2]-RRB-, even after controlling for race / ethnicity,
maternal age, parity, birth
weight, year
of birth, and
maternal smoking.229 In addition, a meta - analysis
of studies that investigated an association between in utero cocaine exposure and SIDS found an increased risk
of SIDS to be associated with prenatal exposure to cocaine and illicit drugs in general.230
A retrospective series
of SIDS cases indicated that mean
maternal body
weight was higher for bed - sharing mothers than for non — bed - sharing mothers.172 The only case - control study to investigate the relationship between
maternal body
weight and bed - sharing did not find an increased risk
of bed - sharing with increased
maternal weight.173