Making preschool teachers aware
of metacognitive strategies in the planning, execution and evaluation phases of learning activities influenced preschoolers» metacognitive knowledge of how to approach learning tasks, how to regulate the learning process and how to evaluate outcomes.23
Thus, the Standards do not mandate such things as a particular writing process or the full range
of metacognitive strategies that students may need to monitor and direct their thinking and learning.
Not exact matches
Simply being aware that there's a difference between a fixed and a growth mindset is one
of the most effective
metacognitive strategies that students can benefit from.
Instead, let's say his teacher uses the test results (the student in our example was not the only one who did poorly) as the foundation
of a lesson on
metacognitive and cognitive
strategies to improve study habits.
The well - documented benefits
of academic risk - taking include gains in knowledge,
metacognitive strategies and feelings
of increased competence, enjoyment, and reduced feelings
of learned helplessness (Cetin, Ilhan, & Yilmaz, 2014; Meyer, Turner, & Spencer, 1997).
Lessons on discoveries that learning changes the structure and function
of the brain can engage students, especially when combined with explicit instruction on the use
of cognitive and
metacognitive strategies that guide them to learn how to learn (Wilson & Conyers, 2013).
Metacognitive Strategies and Test Performance: An Experience Sampling Analysis
of Students» Learning Behavior, Education Research International, Volume 2012.
Donna Wilson and Marcus Conyers are the authors
of more than 40 books and professional articles for educators, including, most recently, Teaching Students to Drive Their Brains:
Metacognitive Strategies, Activities, and Lesson Ideas (ASCD, 2016), Smarter Teacher Leadership: Neuroscience and the Power
of Purposeful Collaboration (Teachers College Press, 2016), Positively Smarter: Science and
Strategies for Increasing Happiness, Achievement, and Well - Being (Wiley Blackwell, 2015), Five Big Ideas for Effective Teaching: Connecting Mind, Brain, and Education Research to Classroom Practice (Teachers College Press, 2013) and Flourishing in the First Five Years: Connecting Implications from Mind, Brain, and Education Research to the Development
of Young Children (Rowman & Littlefield Education, 2013).
These concepts are new to many
of his students and pave the way for cognitive and
metacognitive strategies that Fitzgerald explicitly introduces and models as a way for them to succeed at school.
They visited each other's schools to conduct collaborative observations and build their knowledge
of high - yield
strategies (e.g., explicit instruction, reciprocal teaching,
metacognitive strategies, and feedback) identified in Visible Learning.
Only one in 10 elementary classrooms across the country emphasizes the development
of cognitive skills; other researchers have advocated for explicit instruction
of metacognitive, cognitive, and other
strategies to facilitate the process
of learning as a way to engage and motivate middle and high school students.
The Handbook
of Metacognition in Education — covering Comprehension
Strategies,
Metacognitive Strategies, Metacomprehension, Writing, Science and Mathematics, Individual Differences, Self - Regulated Learning, Technology, Tutoring, and Measurement — is an essential resource for researchers, faculty, students, curriculum developers, teachers, and others interested in using research and theory on metacognition to guide and inform educational practice.
Evidence suggests the use
of «
metacognitive strategies» — which get pupils to think about their own learning - can be worth the equivalent
of an additional +7 months» progress when used well.
How do you help students in Secondary School understand the concepts
of probability to enable them solve problems associated with probability using
metacognitive strategies?
In terms
of specific
strategies, the research found that more successful schools were more likely to be teaching
metacognitive skills and using peer - to - peer learning, both
of which have been identified as effective by the EEF teaching and learning toolkit.
They propose teaching the art
of noticing — that is, helping students recognize the underlying
metacognitive strategies that people use when analyzing work.
(James J. Barta and Michael G. Allen); «Ideas and Programs To Assist in the Untracking
of American Schools» (Howard D. Hill); «Providing Equity for All: Meeting the Needs
of High - Ability Students» (Sally M. Reis); «Promoting Gifted Behavior in an Untracked Middle School Setting» (Thomas O. Erb et al.); «Untracking Your Middle School: Nine Tentative Steps toward Long - Term Success» (Paul S. George); «In the Meantime: Using a Dialectical Approach To Raise Levels
of Intellectual Stimulation and Inquiry in Low - Track Classes» (Barbara G. Blackwell); «Synthesis
of Research on Cooperative Learning» (Robert E. Slavin); «Incorporating Cooperation: Its Effects on Instruction» (Harbison Pool et al.); «Improving All Students» Achievement: Teaching Cognitive and
Metacognitive Thinking
Strategies» (Robert W. Warkentin and Dorothy A. Battle); «Integrating Diverse Learning Styles» (Dan W. Rea); «Reintegrating Schools for Success: Untracking across the United States» (Anne Wheelock); «Creatinga Nontraditional School in a Traditional Community» (Nancy B. Norton and Charlotte A. Jones); «Ungrouping Our Way: A Teacher's Story» (Daphrene Kathryn Sheppard); «Educating All Our Students: Success in Serving At - Risk Youth» (Edward B. Strauser and John J. Hobe); «Technology Education: A New Application
of the Principles
of Untracking at the Secondary Level» (N. Creighton Alexander); «Tracking and Research - Based Decisions: A Georgia School System's Dilemma» (Jane A. Page and Fred M. Page, Jr.); and «A Call to Action: The Time Has Come To Move beyond Tracking» (Harbison Pool and Jane A. Page).
Extensive evidence from eight meta - analyses has consistently demonstrated the impact
of teaching
metacognitive strategies for reading comprehension.
The Effect
of Explicit Teaching
of Online
Metacognitive Strategies on EFL Learners» L2 Reading Comprehension
International Journal
of Educational research, 31 (6), 445 — 457], the effects
of self - regulated learning on academic achievement, on cognitive and
metacognitive strategy application, as well as on motivation were analyzed.
This article introduces a pedagogical construct based on a modified KWL framework using a combination
of evidence - based visual and verbal instructional methods, in conjunction with the development
of metacognitive and self - regulating
strategies.
Importantly, studies also show that
strategies such as formative assessment (formal and informal assessments conducted by teachers during the learning process in order to modify teaching and learning activities to improve student attainment) and
metacognitive (awareness and understanding
of one's own thought processes) approaches — techniques typically employed in personalized learning classrooms — improve student learning.
Through careful modeling and scaffolding, teach a range
of metacognitive, cognitive, and affective
strategies, one at a time.
Most children are not naturally
metacognitive, but all students, from struggling learners to high performers, can benefit from being taught how and when to use a variety
of cognitive
strategies to monitor and improve their learning.
This resource is part
of a PowerMyLearning Connect Professional Development playlist, Motivating Students to Set Personalized Learning Goals, which you can use to evaluate
strategies for promoting students»
metacognitive thinking and reflective goal setting.
Identify practical
strategies for teaching students to monitor their progress and use
metacognitive thinking to take ownership
of their next steps in the learning process.
[93] In my own case, it was the disdain that whole language seemed to spawn regarding the explicit teaching
of skills and
strategies, especially those that promoted the meaning - making goals
of the movement — comprehension and
metacognitive strategies.
Over-time, teachers can «feed» feedback
strategies to students to ensure that
metacognitive reflection becomes a part
of the teaching and learning process.
Examples
of authentic instructional materials that Write for Texas regional institutes incorporate include: student & teacher writing samples, informal and formal writing activities, annotated mentor texts, writers notebooks, lesson plans,
metacognitive questioning
strategies, cross-curricular thematic unit plans, think - alouds or write - alouds, and district literacy plans.
Many students» ability to learn has been increased through the deliberate teaching
of cognitive and
metacognitive strategies.
The teacher's role also involves helping pupils develop the skills to make
metacognitive judgments about their learning in relation to the goal being aimed for, and to establish a repertoire
of strategies to regulate their own learning.
The Relationship between
Metacognitive Reading
Strategies Use and Reading Comprehension Achievement
of EFL Learners
Self - regulation in the education tradition incorporates both general
metacognitive knowledge
of how to approach a learning task or a problem and domain - specific
metacognitive knowledge
of appropriate problem - solving
strategies.8 Also in educational approaches, self - regulation includes the ability to postpone immediate satisfaction to attain long - term goals, the ability to mobilize energy and to sustain attention, to resist distracting information and to shift flexibly between mind sets.
, 1993, Attachment and the development
of metacognitive and collaborative
strategies International Journal
of Educational Research: 551 ~ 571