Sentences with phrase «of microbial communities from»

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The PDF, Microbes Make the Cheese, A Report from the American Academy for Microbiology explains: Cheese is created by orderly successions of microbial communities that produce compounds responsible for cheese flavor... Each piece of cheese contains as many as 10,000,000,000 or 10 billion microbes... The added starter cultures dominate the cheese microbiota, establishing conditions that select for the next microorganisms that will be capable of thriving in the changing cheese matrix.

Quiz Ref IDWe sequenced the V4 - V5 regions of the bacterial 16S rDNA to characterize the microbial communities present in a stool sample from each study participant at 6 weeks of age.

The virus was found when Bas Dutilh of Radboud University Medical Center in Nijmegen, the Netherlands, and colleagues were trawling through data from faecal samples collected for a 2010 study looking at the microbial gut communities of twins.

In this latest advance reported in PNAS, the Wyss team showed that the human gut - on - a-chip's unique ability to co-culture intestinal cells with living microbes from the normal gut microbiome for an extended period of time, up to two weeks, could allow breakthrough insights into how the microbial communities that flourish inside our GI tracts contribute to human health and disease.

They compared the bacterial signature from the mice to a database of more than 250 microbial communities, including that of the objects» owners».

Model simulations can always be improved by testing predictions against field data collected from different ecosystems, and Sulman and Phillips are doing just that: investigating how roots influence soil decomposition and protected forms of carbon in forests that vary in the composition of tree and microbial communities.

In this way, the scientists could separate out the effects of surgery itself on microbial communities from the effects of losing weight or consuming less food.

It involved intensive molecular testing of swab samples from 87 women who had acquired HIV infection and of 262 who did not, and sophisticated analysis comparing the vaginal microbial communities in each of those groups.

He was game to research the microbial communities he would encounter on his journey, and every day after he made what he called a «tripmark,» a tire tread imprint on a piece of paper with location information and notes (above), he filled three vials of dirt and sent them back to Nagler at the University of Innsbruck, providing her with a rare opportunity to examine many samples of microbes from a broad geographic range.

Only further investigation will reveal how much of it makes its way from the river transport to the deep ocean, however, and how it might affect marine life, especially microbial communities that live in and feed on small organic particles.

In addition, cohousing coprophagic mice harboring transplanted microbiota from discordant pairs provides an opportunity to determine which bacterial taxa invade the gut communities of cage mates, how invasion correlates with host phenotypes, and how invasion and microbial niche are affected by human diets.

Based on methane and oxygen distributions measured at 207 stations throughout the affected region, we find that within ~ 120 days from the onset of release ~ 3.0 × 1010 to 3.9 × 1010 moles of oxygen were respired, primarily by methanotrophs, and left behind a residual microbial community containing methanotrophic bacteria.

The microbial communities in these sediments include aggregates of methane - oxidizing archaea called ANME (for ANaerobic MEthanotrophs) and sulfate - reducing bacteria (SRB) that live together symbiotically and help to remove some 80 percent of the methane released from ocean sediments.

This week, a consortium involving 200 investigators from a variety of disciplines describes more than a dozen microscopic communities as part of the most thorough look ever at the microbial world on and within us.

This week, investigators from a variety of disciplines describe more than a dozen microscopic communities as part of the most thorough look ever at the microbial world on and within us.

From these patterns, we could show that the drivers of disease can be a very few members of a complex microbial community.»

«Ochman and colleagues show that human evolution was accompanied by both a rapid divergence of the microbiome from the microbiome of apes, and a drastic loss of diversity of the microbial community,» says Thomas Bosch of the Christian Albrechts University in Kiel, Germany.

In a comprehensive analysis of soil collected from 11 distinct U.S. regions, from Hawaii to northern Alaska, researchers found that the extent to which deforestation disturbs underground microbial communities that regulate the loss of carbon into the atmosphere depends almost exclusively on the texture of the soil.

This microbial community was very diverse, similar to other mammalian ocular microbiomes but with an unusually high representation of bacteria from a family not observed in other mammals.

However, in a column of mud from the North Pacific Gyre, an area 1000 kilometers north of Hawaii, the researchers detected oxygen stretching down to 28 meters because the microbial community was too sparse to consume it all.

Scientists from the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW) investigated the composition of bacterial communities in different digestion - associated organs but found no unusual or special microbial communities when they compared these with those of other mammals.

Several reasonable explanations arise given these results: (1) all players were exercising, and exercise produces predictable changes in skin habitat conditions that are likely to affect bacterial communities over time; (2) players were acquiring microbial transients from the built environment; and (3) players were coming into repeated physical contact with their teammates and those from opposing teams, often using the sampled area of their upper arms, and potentially sharing portions of their skin microbiomes.

For instance, the Human Microbiome Project (HMP)(Turnbaugh et al, 2007; Peterson et al, 2009; Huttenhower et al, 2012) and MetaHIT (Qin et al, 2010) have generated maps of bacterial species abundances throughout the human body, reference genomes, and catalogs of more than 100 million microbial genes assembled from shotgun sequencing of in vivo communities.

A holistic understanding of the role of Earth's microbial community and its genome — its microbiome — in the biosphere and in human health is key to meeting many of the challenges that face humanity in the twenty - first century, from energy to infection to agriculture.

Microbial communities in seawater from an Arctic and a temperate Norwegian fjord and their potentials for biodegradation of chemically dispersed oil at low seawater temperatures — Deni Ribicic — Marine Pollution Bulletin

Following the isolation and purification of microbial DNA from all samples, we used community fingerprinting (ARISA) and high - throughput sequencing of the 16s ribosomal RNA gene (V1 - V3) to describe the microbial community structure in each group.

Again applying his knowledge of microbial communities» consumption patterns, his system there derived some of the chemicals and energy required for treatment from the sludge itself, thereby offsetting a percentage of the required chemical and energy inputs.

Effect of salinity on diazotrophic activity and microbial composition of phototrophic communities from Bitter - 1 soda lake (Kulunda Steppe, Russia)-- Zorigto Namsarae — Extremophiles

Toxicity assessment of pharmaceutical compounds on mixed culture from activated sludge using respirometric technique: The role of microbial community structure — I.A. Vasiliadou, Science of The Total Environment

«Here we're cultivating an entire community of microbes to access enzymes that we couldn't get from isolates,» said study principal investigator Steve Singer, senior scientist in Berkeley Lab's Biological Systems and Engineering Division and director of Microbial and Enzyme Discovery at JBEI.

Using a microbial community veers from the approach typically taken of using isolated organisms to obtain enzymes.

To investigate variation in gut microbial community composition within a species, we collected fecal samples from five groups of black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra) in Mexico over an eight - week period (May - July 2009).

* Discovery of enzymes for toluene synthesis from anoxic microbial communities — Beller HR — Nature

Since Megan Mullis recently received one of four $ 30,000 grant from the International Ocean Discovery Program Schlanger fellowship for her collaborative research project titled, «Active microbial community survival in Mariana Forearc sediments.»

Nature Reviews Microbiology defines metagenomics as â $ œgenomic analysis of microbial DNA that is extracted directly from communities in environmental samples.â $

Her groundbreaking work Atlas in silico is a physically interactive and immersive virtual reality art + science installation that is driven by data from the Global Ocean Sampling Expedition, a survey of marine microbial communities led by the J.

We are also developing methods for characterizing microbial communities from metagenomic data, the pool of DNA from different microorganisms in a sample.

Microbial communities in biological denitrification system using methanol as carbon source for treatment of reverse osmosis concentrate from coking wastewater — Enchao Li — Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination

The impact of failure: unsuccessful bacterial invasions steer the soil microbial community away from the invader's niche — C. A. Mallon — The ISME Journal

A team from the University of California - Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, PNNL, and Oak Ridge National Laboratory sequenced nearly 150,000 genes from three microbial communities in samples from a subsurface aquifer at a uranium mill tailings site in Rifle, Colorado.

Science Magazine covered JBEI publication «Discovery of enzymes for toluene synthesis from anoxic microbial communities» published in Nature Chemical Biology.

In Gladden et al., we characterized twenty - one cellulose - degrading enzymes derived from a thermophilic microbial community and found that 70 % of them were stable and active in [C2C1Im][OAc].

In this study, we have used culture - independent shotgun metagenomics to investigate microbial communities in river sediments exposed to waste water from the production of antibiotics in India.

She is currently working on the development of immobilized microbial communities from deep sea ecosystems to study microbial population dynamics during continuous cultures in bioreactors.

Computer simulations by Liu et al. [43], Wang et al. [41], and Sundquist et al. [47] have indicated that pyrosequencing tags from different regions of the gene will vary in their utility for the distinct tasks of revealing microbial diversity and performing taxonomic classification, both of which contribute to making informative comparisons between complex microbial communities.

For example, researchers from Washington University School of Medicine found that participants» microbial community changed as their body weight decreased, to resemble a «lean» person's microbiome.

While the jury's out on whether these supplements have any effect on the gut's bacterial environment, it is clear that not having a thriving microbial community in one's intestines can be dangerous, with consequences ranging from a day or two of diarrhea to life - threatening infection with a nasty bug called Clostridium difficile, which can gain a foothold in patients treated with antibiotics.

A bit of a paradox in all of this is the increased likelihood that a low carb microbial community will most certainly lead to increased gut permeability — a well - known phenomenon whereby microbial parts (lipopolysaccharides, which leads to metabolic endotoxemia) and whole microbes themselves (bacteremia) leak from the intestinal track into the blood, leading to low - grade inflammation that is at the root of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity and heart disease.

Since October, I've been helping Hugh Ducklow from Columbia's Earth and Environmental Sciences department study the microbial communities of Western Antarctica.

Effects of ocean acidification on microbial community composition of, and oxygen fluxes through, biofilms from the Great Barrier Reef