Sentences with phrase «of modern human populations»

Recent evolutionary history of cats parallels that of modern human populations, particularly the recently urbanized indigenous populations that have very high incidences of insulin resistance and diabetes.

«Archaeologists have argued that exploitation of the marine environment was an essential achievement in the incremental advance of modern human populations,» she says.

The authors of the study, an international team from Portuguese, Spanish, Catalonian, German, Austrian and Italian research institutions, say their findings suggest that the process of modern human populations absorbing Neanderthal populations through interbreeding was not a regular, gradual wave - of - advance but a «stop - and - go, punctuated, geographically uneven history.»

Not exact matches

Not only does this suggest modern humans might have been stepping tentatively into Europe and getting friendly with Neanderthals long before the wave of migration that led to today's population, it shows Neanderthals were more diverse than we thought.

«This scenario reconciles the discrepancy in the nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA phylogenies of archaic hominins and the inconsistency of the modern human - Neanderthal population split time estimated from nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA,» says researcher Johannes Krause, also of the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human Hishuman - Neanderthal population split time estimated from nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA,» says researcher Johannes Krause, also of the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human HisHuman History.

Indonesia has the largest Muslim population and it has experienced productive and peaceful times in the decade since the Bali Bombings, actively committed to redressing a long history of human rights abuse and repairing once - frayed bonds with modern neighbors like Australia and New Zealand.

Richard G. Klein, Nicholas Wade and Spencer Wells, among others, have postulated that modern humans did not leave Africa and successfully colonize the rest of the world until as recently as 60,000 — 50,000 years B.P., pushing back the dates for subsequent population splits as well.

For example, in addition to having higher levels of genetic diversity, populations in Africa tend to have lower amounts of linkage disequilibrium than do populations outside Africa, partly because of the larger size of human populations in Africa over the course of human history and partly because the number of modern humans who left Africa to colonize the rest of the world appears to have been relatively low (Gabriel et al. 2002).

She is the author of Dancing Skeletons: Life and Death in West Africa 1993, and the co-editor of Breastfeeding: Biocultural Perspectives (1995), which includes her chapters «Beauty and the Breast: The Cultural Context of Breastfeeding in the United States,» and «A Time to Wean: The Hominid Blueprint for a Natural Age of Weaning in Modern Human Populations.»

In Africa alone, the continent with the highest fertility rate and lowest use of modern contraceptives, 26 countries will double their population by 2050, according to the U.N. «Fundamentally if you're looking at World Population Day, it is at heart a women's rights issue,» said Roger - Mark DeSouza director of population, environmental security and resilience at the non-partisan policy Wilson Center, based in Washington, D.C. World Population Day is meant to draw attention to the challenges we face with a human population that is constantly growing.

Modern humans interbred not only with Neanderthals, but also with our recently - discovered relatives the Denisovans, as well as a currently unidentified population of pre-modern hominins.

«The initial dispersals out of Africa prior to 60,000 years ago were likely by small groups of foragers, and at least some of these early dispersals left low - level genetic traces in modern human populations.

This massive environmental change is believed to have created population bottlenecks in the various species that existed at the time; this in turn accelerated differentiation of the isolated human populations, eventually leading to the extinction of all the other human species except for the branch that became modern humans.

«Geneticists discovered that present - day human populations were linked to a group of African modern humans who started migrating 70,000 years ago.

«The morphology of the skull indicates that it is that of a modern human of African origin, bearing characteristics of early European Upper Palaeolithic populations.

While it is widely accepted that the origins of modern humans date back some 200,000 years to Africa, there has been furious debate as to which model of early Homo sapiens migration most plausibly led to the population of the planet — and the eventual extinction of Neanderthals.

While fossil records prove that some anatomically modern human groups reached the Levantine corridor (the modern Middle East) as early as 100,000 years ago, genetic testing indicates that human populations inhabiting the globe today descended from a single group that migrated from Africa only 70,000 years ago — an unexplained gap of 30,000 years.

The Neandertal species did not go extinct, because it was never a separate species; instead population pockets of Neandertals died out around 30,000 years ago, whereas other Neandertal populations survived through interbreeding with their modern human brothers and sisters, who live on to this day.

«I think this is part of a population boom that's going on around 45,000 years ago, which means modern humans got to the ends of the world by 45,000 years ago,» he says.

Then they compared the Dmanisi population with a range of fossils belonging to ancient African hominins alive at the same time, and used modern humans and chimpanzees as control groups.

«This means that modern humans emerged earlier than previously thought,» says Mattias Jakobsson, population geneticist at Uppsala University who headed the project together with Stone Age archaeologist Marlize Lombard at the University of Johannesburg.

And that, they say, supports the possibility that LB1 is a diseased member of a small - bodied modern human population.

Professor Thomas Higham said: «Other recent studies of Neanderthal and modern human genetic make - up suggest that both groups interbred outside Africa, with 1.5 % -2.1 % or more of the DNA of modern non-African human populations originating from Neanderthals.

But within days skeptics emerged, countering that the tiny remains instead belonged to a small - bodied population of modern humans and that LB1 — with her tiny brain and other odd features — was a diseased member of the group.

Until recently, very little was known about the genetic relationship between modern humans of the Upper Paleolithic age (the period of time between 50,000 and 10,000 years ago, also called the Late Stone age) and today's populations.

It is widely acknowledged that during this time, anatomically modern humans started to move out of Africa and assimilate coeval Eurasian populations, including Neanderthals, through interbreeding.

«It's a nice story that solves a cool mystery — how did Neandertals end up with mtDNA more like that of modern humans,» says population geneticist Ilan Gronau of the Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya in Israel.

Looking at indicators of population size and density (such as the number of stone tools, animal remains, and total number of sites), he concluded that modern humans — who may have had a population of only a few thousand when they first arrived on the continent — came to outnumber the Neanderthals by a factor of ten to one.

If so, and if, as the team's estimates suggest, the variant became established in the human population during the last 200,000 years of human history — roughly the time at which anatomically modern humans arose — the gift of gab may have been a driving force in their expansion.

The researchers were also able to fit the genomic data of modern and ancient humans into a simplified genetic model to reconstruct the deep population history of modern humans outside Africa in the last 50,000 years.

Some populations migrate 2,500 km each autumn from Svalbard to Scotland, yet in the run up to migration they fly for only a few minutes each day — short bursts of flight that perhaps mirror the modern high - intensity training (HIT) regimes human athletes use to boost maximal aerobic capacity.

Denisovans, Neanderthals and modern humans descend from the same population of ancestors, who most likely lived in Africa between 550,000 and 765,000 years ago.

«It opens up our ability to ask questions about how Middle Pleistocene hominins lived in this region and it might be a key to understanding the nature of interbreeding and population dispersals across Eurasia with modern humans and archaic populations such as Neanderthals.»

And now that investigators can sequence entire ancient populations, ancient DNA is revealing that humans on every continent are a complex mix of archaic and modern DNA.

Some archaeologists have suggested that they were absorbed into the population of modern humans.

For this study, an international team of researchers from the University of Tuebingen, the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History in Jena, the University of Cambridge, the Polish Academy of Sciences, and the Berlin Society of Anthropology, Ethnology and Prehistory, looked at genetic differentiation and population continuity over a 1,300 year timespan, and compared these results to modern populations.

The genome analysis also questions previous findings that modern humans populated Asia in two waves from their origin in Africa, finding instead a common origin for all populations in the Asia - Pacific region, dating back to a single out - of - Africa migration event.

Early modern humans interbred with Neanderthals, but thanks to our bigger population evolution has purged out many of the deleterious genes we acquired this way

If the Neanderthals didn't lose out because of their inferior social skills, maybe they interbred with modern humans and simply disappeared into the larger population.

Analyzing 379 new genomes from 125 populations worldwide, the group concludes that at least 2 % of the genomes of people from Papua New Guinea comes from an early dispersal of modern humans, who left Africa perhaps 120,000 years ago.

Stanley Ambrose of the University of Illinois believes that the Toba eruption, which spewed up to 3,000 cubic kilometers of material, caused so much death that only about 10,000 adult humans survived, and that all modern humans descend from that tiny population.

The team confirms that the Denisovans interbred with the ancestors of some living humans and found that Denisovans had little genetic diversity, suggesting that their small population waned further as populations of modern humans expanded.

Those populations had may be an effective separation time of, let us say 40,000 or 50,000 years with the spread of modern humans out of Africa.

By aligning the Denisovan genome with that of the reference human genome and counting mutations, the team calculated that the Denisovan and modern human populations finally split between 170,000 and 700,000 years ago.

Genetic analysis of modern humans is difficult, in part because the island populations were decimated by European diseases at the end of the 19th century.

«This is exciting because we now have a proven resource that could finally bring definitive answers to fundamental questions about the early movements and conditions of human populations — and new information about the importance of vitamin D for modern populations,» says McMaster anthropologist Megan Brickley, lead author of the paper and Canada Research Chair in the Bioarchaeology of Human Dishuman populations — and new information about the importance of vitamin D for modern populations,» says McMaster anthropologist Megan Brickley, lead author of the paper and Canada Research Chair in the Bioarchaeology of Human DisHuman Disease.

Green et al. thus suggest that gene flow between Neandertals and modern humans occurred prior to the divergence of European and Asian populations.

The «Out of Africa» hypothesis posits that modern humans evolved from a small population in Africa and replaced all other hominin populations, including Neandertals, as they migrated into Europe and Asia.

Now, evolutionary geneticists have shown that our ancestors lost much of their genetic diversity in two dramatic bottlenecks that sharply squeezed down the population of modern humans as they moved out of Africa between 60,000 and 50,000 years ago.

According to this view, archaic humans were not replaced by anatomically modern humans, but rather, gene flow between Africa, Europe, and Asia, led to the evolution of modern humans from local populations.