In my old neighborhood, that meant a lot of bad Indian food and sushi, with the occasional burger shop being run out of a refurbished auto - parts store that'll send you a cold patty between a pair
of moist buns for $ 16.99, plus tax and tip.
To say something about the warming of the tropical atmosphere, rather than
that of a moist adiabat, we need to argue that the tropical troposphere is close to a moist adiabat and remains close as it warms.
As I understand it the difference in the heat capacity
of moist and dry does not amount to much, as the average percentage of water vapour in air is only about 2 %.
Based on computer models, Meehl and his colleagues expect that the regions most likely to experience the more intense storms are places where large masses
of moist air converge.
There has to be continuous extraction
of moist air from «wet» rooms such as the kitchen and bathroom, into rooms needing it.
Radiation plays a bit role especially in the tropics where most of the solar energy enters and most
of the moist convection happens.
Unfortunately, the treatment
of moist convection affects cloud feedbacks.
I don't like the H2O is lighter than N2 explanation for the greater propensity towards convection
of moist air.
It has to do with the physics
of the moist adiabatic lapse rate.
There is no simple connection between the thermodynamics
of moist convection and the intensity of the Hadley circulation.
: — RRB - The CRN does not monitor absolute humidity and thus can not compute long term trends
of moist enthalpy (correct me if I am wrong).
Moist adjustment approach that uses empirical reference profiles from limited field campaign data instead
of a moist adiabat
The thermal conductivity
of moist soil is also higher than dry soil or pavement.
Surface low pressure map along with precipitable water normalized anomalies for Jan. 23, 2016, showing a corridor
of moist air flowing around the East Coast blizzard.
The partial pressure of a given sample
of moist air that is attributable to the water vapor is called the vapor pressure.
As a consequence of the different adiabatic lapse rates
of moist and dry air, the air on the leeward slopes becomes warmer than equivalent elevations on the windward slopes.
Meanwhile, more buoyancy is maintained during aggregated convection because
of a moist layer, or shell, surrounding the convective cluster.
The flux
of moist static energy entering Antarctica is greatest in the 60 ° W to 150 ° W sector (Genthon and Krinner 1998).
If you consider a hurricane, it can grow too large and the squall bands choke the inflow
of moist air.
Thus there would be no precipitation in the middle of a wide rising column
of moist air.
A detailed and very accurate calculation of the atmospheric flows
of moist air must take into account also the effects related to the volume taken by water vapor both when water vapor is added by evaporation and when it's removed in condensation, but these effects are very minor corrections and not a source of anything significant.
From that equation we can derive the result that no rain is possible in the middle
of moist uplift and many other obviously wrong results.
It's also an additional factor that has to be taken into account in going further in the calculation, but it does not lead to equation (34), it's used in the correct derivation
of the moist adiabatic lapse rate in literature like the Caballero lecture notes, and it's use requires that also the physics that they discuss in chapter 2 is included.
All these questions are answered fully by the standard theory
of moist adiabats found from Caballero lecture notes as an example of a suitable source.
The influence of condensation on the volume and density
of moist air is also understood by every scientist working on these issues.
Pekka, «The influence of condensation on the volume and density
of moist air is also understood by every scientist working on these issues.
The main differences are due to the very different lapse rate that makes the density
of the moist profile fall faster than that of the dry profile.
The problems are in the handling
of the moist column that seems to be physically total nonsense.
How do theories for the Hadley circulation and for atmospheric macroturbulence based on dry dynamics need to be modified in the presence
of moist processes, which alter, among other things, the effective static stability of the atmosphere?
Pekka, that would depend on how the dynamics
of moist air are handled currently.
That's the process that's described in the standard derivation
of moist adiabat.
Second, the effects of changing density and latent heat release in the process that you describe (of a one - dimensional ascent
of a moist air parcel) are well - known and discussed in Section 3.4 in our paper «Comparing forces due to condensation and buoyancy».
I think they are saying that condensation and rainfall results in contraction high up that causes a pressure drop over the whole forested area thus inducing a flow
of moist air from oceans to above the forests which then generates condensation and rainfall to renew the loop.
as that has been done more correctly in every standard derivation
of moist lapse rate.
When other factors are the same, it's likely that the surface is warmer in case of the dry column than in case
of the moist column.
Importantly, if you were right to say that the warm spot «is a prediction that follows from the basic physics
of moist adiabatic lapse rate theory and is expected independent of the mechanism causing the warming» then its absence would be evidence for absence of warming.
Under such conditions the temperature gradient is close to the adiabatic lapse rate (
of the moist atmosphere).
Specific humidity is the total mass of water vapor in a parcel of air divided by the mass
of the moist air.
(4) Yet as it turns out, UF6 freezes via a gas - > solid transition at lower - than - room temperatures (just as packets
of moist air, lifted high into a thunderstorm's anvil cloud, and thus cooled adiabatically by the pressure drop, condense their H20 vapor as hail and snow).
IMO our understanding of the dynamics
of moist convection and its consequences is even less than that of the «ice - locker» effect.
Through horizontal averaging, variations of water vapor and temperature that are related to the horizontal transport by the large - scale circulation will be largely removed, and thus the water vapor and temperature relationship obtained is more indicative of the property
of moist convection, and is thus more relevant to the issue of water vapor feedback in global warming.
The heavy rain around January 2014 was the result of persistent and strong low pressure to the northwest of the UK, which brought a constant stream
of moist air and storms across Southern England from the west.
The 1D diffusion equation model described in Rose et al. (2014) GRL, with spatially varying radiative feedback and diffusion
of moist static energy.
A higher temperature implies that the relative humidity
of the moist ocean air will dry out as it moves into the continental interiors — which will therefore dry out.
The upward movement
of the moist tropical air above the intertropical convergence zone produces a band of thunderstorm activity that brings precipitation to the tropics.
The climate models all predict that as the planet warms, a hot spot
of moist air will develop over the tropics about 10 kilometers up, as the layer
of moist air expands upwards into the cool, dry air above.
I would suggest that a new proxy for heat being stored (or lost) from the Earth climate system be developed based on Total System Enthalpy, using a combination
of moist enthalpy in the troposphere (after Pielke Sr.), ocean heat content, and total ice mass on the planet.
But does the water hang around and increase the height
of moist air in the atmosphere, or does it simply create more clouds and rain?
The alarmists guessed that it would increase the height
of moist air around the planet, which would warm the planet even further, because the moist air is also a greenhouse gas.
The climate models all predict that as the planet warms, a hot - spot
of moist air will develop over the tropics about 10 km up, as the layer
of moist air expands upwards into the cool dry air above.