Effective May 2, 2011, the Global Historical Climatology Network - Monthly (GHCN - M) version 3 dataset
of monthly mean temperature has replaced GHCN - M version 2 as the dataset for operational climate monitoring activities.
First we estimate the uncertainty
of a monthly mean sunspot number reconstructed from a single daily observation.
Observed change
of monthly mean temperature for Svalbard since year 1912, relative to the 1901 - 2000 mean.
Observed change
of monthly mean temperature for Jan Mayen since year 1921, relative to the 1901 - 2000 mean.
Observed change
of monthly mean temperature for Vardø since year 1840, relative to the 1901 - 2000 mean.
The study, which appeared in a recent issue of Geophysical Research Letters, used 16 years
of monthly mean observations from satellites, ground stations, and computer models to look at the relationship between dust particles in the air, called mineral aerosols, and cloud properties.
Observed change
of monthly mean temperature for Northern Norway since year 1900, relative to the 1901 - 2000 mean.
Figure 1: Time - height section
of monthly mean zonal winds (m / s) at equatorial stations: Canton Island, 3 ° S / 172 ° W (Jan 1953 - Aug 1967), Gan / Maledive Islands, 1 ° S / 73 ° E (Sep 1967 - Dec 1975) and Singapore, 1 ° N / 104 ° E (since Jan 1976).
The use
of monthly mean relative humidity fields in some of the calculations leads to lower radiative forcings as temporal variations in relative humidity and associated non-linear effects are not accounted for (e.g., Kiehl and Briegleb, 1993; Myhre et al., 1998c).
Laapas, M. and Venäläinen, A. (2017), Homogenization and trend analysis
of monthly mean and maximum wind speed time series in Finland, 1959 — 2015.
In particular, the characterization of the urban temperature trend was investigated using a seasonal unit root analysis
of monthly mean air temperature data over the period of January 1970 to December 2013.
Climate change by 2060 was computed as the difference (air temperature) or ratio (precipitation and solar radiation)
of monthly mean climate between the GCM (unforced) control and 2xCO2 simulations at GCM grid boxes coinciding with the crop modelling sites (Figure 13.1 b).
The source
of the monthly mean station temperatures for the GISS analysis is the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) of Peterson and Vose [1997] and updates, available electronically, from the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC).
When scientists in the 1960s - 70s compiled data to build their global average temperature series they used state averages
of monthly mean temperatures from weather stations around the world.
The magnitude
of the monthly mean anaomalies is huge, with 1 deg Celcisus above the previous October record for -LSB-...]
The first is Bias - Correction Spatial Disaggregation (BCSD)(Wood et al., 2004) following Maurer et al., (2008) with the following modifications: the incorporation of monthly minimum and maximum temperature instead
of monthly mean temperature, as suggested by Bürger et al., (2012) and bias correction using detrended quantile mapping with delta method extrapolation following Bürger et al., (2013).
The correlation
of the monthly mean anomalies is small (r = +0.22) but significant at the 99 % level (16,18).
A similar conclusion was drawn from a similar analysis applied to a (spatially sparse) global network
of monthly mean temperatures, where the effect of spatial dependencies for inter-annual and inter-decadal variations could be ruled out (Benestad, 2004).
After all, how can paying weekly instead
of monthly mean the equivalent of one extra monthly payment?
Trenberth et al. (2005b) showed that the SAM is the leading mode in an EOF analysis
of monthly mean global atmospheric mass, accounting for around 10 % of total global variance.
The density
of monthly means is not a normal distribution, neither from the separate datasets nor from the combined dataset.
Dr von Hann didn't like the habit of believing that results are so accurate that they can be parsed to fractions of a degree (a practice that continues to this day) and makes the point that even long observations
of monthly means are untrustworthy in regions where they vary greatly year by year.
Not exact matches
From the second video, you'll understand: - The different components
of CPI data - What «seasonally adjusted»
means for
monthly inflation numbers
Participating in this sort
of program may
mean you pay more interest over time, but it can help you reduce minimum
monthly payments and put that extra capital toward a startup.
For today's home buyer that
means calculating whether or not you can afford
monthly payments for your dream home at rates
of 4 % or 5 %.
The flexibility
of myRA allows them change their contributions based on their current budgets, which
means they can contribute lump sums to their accounts, or deposit money on a
monthly basis.
The company has encouraged contributions from non-traditional sources, by
means of campus hackathons and
monthly town halls that are accessible to all 120,000 global employees
Americans currently spend about 6 %
of their
monthly incomes on food, so the upmarket trend in fast - food
means one
of two things.
As part
of our initial analysis, we asked to see financial statements, and the owner handed us a three - ring binder containing
monthly financials —
meaning an income statement, balance sheet and cash - flow projections.
System - wide sales growth and comparable sales are measured on a constant currency basis, which
means that results exclude the effect
of foreign currency translation and are calculated by translating prior year results at current year
monthly average exchange rates.
Yes, that
means Netflix will have to pay more in network fees, so my
monthly bill for watching House
of Cards will likely go up.
Here's what that
means in English: You set up a modest, recurring salary, along with an additional
monthly payment based on a percentage
of your company's earnings.
Another advantage
of having a savings account is liquidity, which
means funds are accessible at any time, though that access is limited to a maximum
of six withdrawals per
monthly statement cycle.
Borrowers who take advantage
of this special, limited - time consolidation option would also receive up to a 0.5 percent reduction to their interest rate on some
of their loans, which
means lower
monthly payments and saving hundreds in interest.
You can also extend the term
of your loan, at the same interest rate, which could lower your
monthly payments but could
mean you end up paying more in interest overall.
While the increase won't
mean a lot in terms
of the average
monthly payment for a homebuyer, it could be signaling the start
of another steady rise, which we saw at the start
of this year.
Choosing a loan term
of two or three years, for instance, probably will
mean you'll pay more than your previous
monthly minimums.
Putting away a percentage
of your
monthly income into a retirement fund as early as 30 years old
means you can take advantage
of several years
of compound interest — and with little to no risk.
This
means that you should spend no more than 28 percent
of your gross
monthly income on total housing expenses, and no more than 36 percent on total debt service (including the new mortgage payment).
This
means that each
monthly payment will be the same until a final balloon payment at the end
of the loan term.
Dirk Hofschire, senior vice president
of asset allocation research at Fidelity Investments, explains why, and what it may
mean for investors in his
monthly market catch - up with Lars Schuster, institutional portfolio manager for Strategic Advisers, Inc., a Fidelity Investments company.
This
means that participating in a retirement plan may actually lower your
monthly payment and maximize the amount
of your student loan debt that is forgiven.
From now on, we will be tracking the
monthly and cumulative fiscal numbers to see how big those deficits could be and what they
mean for the government's goal
of a stable debt to GDP ratio
For example, an affordability reading
of 50 per cent
means that homeownership costs, including mortgage payments, utilities and property taxes, would take up 50 per cent
of a typical household's
monthly pre-tax income.
IBR plans calculate your
monthly payment as a percentage
of your income but extend the term
of your loan, which
means you'll end up paying more overall in interest.
Rehabilitation
means that your loan will be taken out
of default status after you make a series
of consecutive (generally, nine) on - time,
monthly payments.
Quick take: Based on the April S&P 500 average
of daily closes, the Crestmont P / E is 121 % above its arithmetic
mean and at the 99th percentile
of this fourteen - plus - decade
monthly metric.
This
means that if your total
monthly debt — including the mortgage payment — uses up more than 43 %
of your
monthly income, you could have trouble qualifying for a 30 - year fixed - rate mortgage.
This
means a borrower's total recurring debts should add up to no more than 43 %
of his or her gross
monthly income.
That
meant that a borrower's total debt (including the mortgage loan, car payments, credit cards, etc.) could not exceed 45 %
of his or her gross
monthly income.