Last week Ryan Anderson called our attention to a new kind
of moral analysis developed by Elizabeth Harman of Princeton University and announced at a conference recently held there.
Not exact matches
The author, who teaches at the University
of Virginia, provides an informed overview and
analysis of the Protestant thinkers who laid a
moral and theological foundation for American internationalism.
His work is not necessarily the best
moral philosophy now being written — Iris Murdoch, for one, may offer a rival philosophy he would find difficult to answer — but his
analysis of our
moral paradox is so acute that he, perhaps uniquely among contemporary philosophers, offers the possibility
of its solution.
Someone in search
of political and
moral understanding would, in my opinion, be far better off giving close attention to the most recent
of Norman Podhoretz's series
of superb
analyses of the post ¯ September 11 situation.
It is not clear to me how much
of Jody Bottum's
moral analysis in» Blood for Blood» and» They Did It» is meant to apply only to sad case
of the person just executed and how much is meant to apply to all uses
of the death penalty by modern states.
The AAC monograph, for instance, identifies nine «methods and processes, modes
of access to understanding and judgment» (ICC 15) that it thinks are essential to know: logical
analysis, verbal literacy, numerical understanding, historical awareness, scientific method, informed and responsible
moral choice, art appreciation and experience, international and multicultural experiences, and study
of one field in depth.
According to the Kerner Commission's
analysis, racist white America was similarly bereft
of moral resources, such that government, rather than the institutions
of civil society that had been so central to the classic civil - rights movement, had to become the principal agent
of enforced social change in order to deal with the crisis
of an America «moving toward two societies... separate and unequal.»
He sharply distinguished the
moral sphere from the cosmological one and justified belief in God based on his
analysis of this dimension
of experience.
And then I recognized that my academic language
of distancing
analysis and explanation also served to obfuscate the clear
moral dimensions
of life and the need to choose between right and wrong, and that on some issues
analysis or explanation is itself a form
of collusion.
Fr Holloway makes the same point: «Scientific Positivism has no criterion
of intellectual and
moral values, because these are not subject to experimental
analysis and verification.»
Our public life is the better for his many decades
of analysis, commentary, and spirited partisanship on behalf
of higher religious,
moral, and political truths.
Taylor's
analysis at times betrays a tendency to equate enchantment with the vertical, hierarchically - ordered world
of the Middle Ages and disenchantment with the horizontal world
of a modern
moral order.
Kimelman, a professor at Brandeis University, concludes in his
analysis of the commission's report that «It remains to be seen whether a modern nation state, beseiged on so many fronts, can maintain such a demanding
moral standard... If the Israeli effort to admit and rectify errors bears fruit, the lyricism «a light to the nations» may yet become reality.»
Further, the foundational role that physics plays for metaphysics is, in the final
analysis, what allows theologians coherently to defend questions
of faith and
morals.
Some, in recent decades, have turned to an
analysis of «civil religion,» which at its best is the awareness that there are universalistic
moral sensitivities which have developed out
of the American experience.
By claiming, for example, that Arkes has incorrectly interpreted the reasons for the Civil War and the debate over abortion, and has neglected to provide a fuller picture
of the Founders and their beliefs, Prof. Smolin is presupposing a
moral notion that is logically prior to his
analysis: historical texts and events should be interpreted accurately.
It lies at the heart
of revisionist arguments about sex, and these can not be assessed apart from an
analysis of the significance and adequacy
of «the self» as a
moral notion.
As I have argued in these pages and elsewhere, the «presumption,» by detaching the just war way
of thinking from its proper political context» the right use
of sovereign public authority toward the end
of tranquillitas ordinis, or peace» tends to invert the structure
of classic just war
analysis and turn it into a thin casuistry, giving priority consideration to necessarily contingent in bello judgments (proportionality
of means, discrimination or noncombatant immunity) over what were always understood to be the prior ad bellum questions («prior» in that, inter alia, we can have a greater degree
of moral clarity about them).
I thank Brian C. Anderson for his
analysis of recent books on whether markets can be blamed for the
moral breakdown
of modern society.
Boingboing agreed in its own
analysis, concluding «the
moral of the story: make sure you know what you're worth before asking for more money.»
To some, for example, his specific
analyses of moral acts and habits (the «virtues») remain an invaluable resource for contemporary ethical reflection once these are rescued from their place in the neo-Platonic structure
of the Summa.
A
moral analysis of ESCR, as it is likely to proceed, therefore requires reckoning not only with the lives
of those who suffer from juvenile diabetes or Parkinson's, but also with the specter
of women sacrificing their bodily integrity for our sakes.
However much we admire his
moral grandeur and accept the way
of life he presented, are we in the last
analysis merely temporary inhabitants
of a world that offers us much that helps and much that hurts, but a world that cares nothing about us one way or the other?
In this context, Gandhi stresses the analogy between Collingwood's reformed metaphysics and Strawson's descriptive metaphysics, two conceptions that, on Gandhi's view, have to be rejected.3 A concept
of metaphysics such as that
of Whitehead necessitates, on the contrary, «the
analysis and critical evaluation
of scientific presuppositions in connection with presuppositions
of other domains
of civilized thought (
moral, religious, sociological, aesthetic, etc.), so as to arrive at a satisfactory conception
of the most fundamental characteristics
of all that we encounter in our experience.
Voters who place cultural or
moral concerns above economic self - interest are obviously beset by a form
of false consciousness (Frank never uses the term, but his
analysis presupposes it).
But in keeping with his overall objective and his guiding metaphor
of «diagnosis,» he must not omit from his
moral analysis factors that are essential to a full understanding
of the crisis.
to be logically impossible.95 If, however, Neville's demand for an ontological
analysis can be sustained, Whiteheadians may then be forced to deal with the problems
of being and the one and the many (perhaps by wedding Neville's Platonic - Augustinian ontology to process metaphysics, a possibility Neville himself entertains].96 Even so, two
of Neville's most crucial claims remain debatable: (1) that indeterminate Being - Itself — without definiteness and beyond description — is supremely deserving
of religious devotion, 97 and (2) that the process God — personal, the pervasive source
of moral ideals, and the supreme agent in the achievement
of these aims — is not.
The author is Archbishop Charles Chaput
of Denver, the publisher is Doubleday, and the price should be no obstacle to a book that offers a fresh
analysis of what has gone wrong with the Church in America, a convincing case for encouragement, wise counsel on how to engage the public square and, not incidentally, restored confidence in the ability
of (some) bishops to teach on faith and
morals.
The notion that firms seek to maximize profits is a cornerstone
of economic
analysis (and a sound one, as most firms do behave this way), but it begs the question what firms ought to do, based on ethical and
moral grounds.
In Brunner's The Divine Imperative, and in Reinhold Niebuhr's writings we have been given profound
analyses of the
moral problem.
Besides specifying the relation
of human and
moral values to the truth
of the human person, John Paul also makes clear that in the final
analysis, values are grounded in God Himself.
He
analyses various aspects — scientific, scriptural,
moral —
of the understanding
of the divine across the major world religions.
It is now defended on the basis
of personal religious experience and on the ground
of an
analysis of its essence in which the supremacy
of its
moral character is disclosed.
As I thought I had made reasonably clear in my article, the just war way
of thinking about the
moral exigencies
of world politics begins with a presumption for justice — a presumption that the magistrate has the
moral obligation to defend the common good, even at the risk
of his own life — and then proceeds to a
moral analysis of the various means available for securing justice, which can include proportionate and discriminate armed force.
It is both foundational to and prior to conscience, for conscience combines the advocacy
of our visions and passionate convictions with the disinterested
analysis necessary for
moral decision - making, the latter resulting from education.
Most needed, given an
analysis of this kind, is
moral tutelage that encourages people to be less greedy (or to reassert traditional gender roles), not radical reform
of the economic system itself.
It continues to shake the foundations
of all
moral systems invented by men, it relativizes all social hierarchies, and, in the final
analysis, it shows up the hollowness
of all humanly constructed orders.
That one
of the ends
of marriage is to remedy concupiscence has been the teaching
of virtually all
moral theologians, right down to the late 20th century, without this teaching being subjected to any true critical
analysis.
As the older
moral pattern declines in persuasiveness, the only remaining category for the
analysis and evaluation
of human motives is interest, which by now has replaced both virtue and conscience in our
moral vocabulary.
In this respect, even though we might want to affirm that man has some degree
of free choice as to whether or not he will abide by such laws, the
moral universe would still be a realm
of external determination which would, in the final
analysis, depend on some nonhuman rationality, if it were assumed to be rational at all.
Still, in the final
analysis, our history makes us what we are now, and the conventions
of our present social, political, economic and
moral world constitute a realm
of external determination on our lives.
It is worth repeating that economics, from the time
of Plato through to Adam Smith and John Stuart Mill was as deeply concerned with issues
of social justice, ethics and morality as with economic
analysis itself However, economics students today are taught that Adam Smith was the «father
of modern economics» but not that he was also a
moral philosopher.
It is ultimately dependent upon an
analysis of the self as some sort
of self - enclosed independently existing entity and produces precisely the difficulty for ethics that has been erroneously attributed to Whitehead, namely that his ethics would be a private - interest theory, at best.1 But Whitehead clearly repudiates the contributing
analysis of the self, which would be «no more original than a stone» (PR 159), and repudiates its consequences for ethics: «The doctrine
of minds, as independent substances, leads directly not merely to private worlds
of experience, but also to private worlds
of morals.
A final issue regarding the
analysis of moral standards in a Whiteheadian ethics remains.
This seems to be the statute
of limitations in the commentariat on radical
moral relativism and its «real world» political offspring — appeasement strategies,
moral equivalence theories, «root cause»
analyses of terrorism, nonsense about «violence begetting violence,» and self - loathing anti-Americanism
of the most vulgar sort.
Carol Tauer, a philosopher at Minnesota's St. Catherine's College, has recently challenged the
moral logic
of this declaration, as well as
of the current pastoral teachings on abortion, in an incisive and thorough
analysis of the tradition
of probabilism — a theory
of practical decision - making that is accepted in Catholic
moral teaching.
I dropped
analysis of religious organizations years ago for
moral reasons.
Accordingly, the common life
of a theological school that educates those who lead and nurture communities
of Christians in that life must in high
moral seriousness focus above all on the nature and demands
of that activity and on
analysis of the society in which it must be lived.
Similarly, attempts to fight the new Gnosticism with the weapons
of logic deployed in service to
moral truth are almost certainly doomed to be frustrated, because public life is not, in the final
analysis, an exercise in logic alone.
On the polemical front, Luther had a sharp
analysis of the sexual life and
morals of the clergy in Against the Spiritual Estate
of the Pope and the Bishops falsely so - called.