The RFS is forcing the use
of more ethanol than the overall fuel supply can safely absorb — and in the process saddling refiners with using a fuel (cellulosic biofuel) that barely exists commercially.
Not exact matches
So while social responsibility was reason enough for me to seek higher percentage blends
of ethanol gas, what resonated even
more with me is the fact that
ethanol is an entrepreneur's industry.
An assessment paid for by DuPont said that the
ethanol it will produce there could be
more than 100 per cent better than gasoline in terms
of greenhouse gas emissions.
As an example, if oil is high, $ KORN will rise as
ethanol becomes
more desired as an alternative source
of fuel.
The industry has hundreds
of large factories in the region, with products
of tapioca starch and derivatives including sweeteners, modified starches, and,
more recently, fuel
ethanol.
Vodka's composition is almost evenly split between water and
ethanol (to be exact, it is about 60 % water and 40 %
ethanol) When you add it to any dough, it means that only a bit
more than half
of it (60 %) is active in gluten development.
New machinery developed by Biorefining Inc. in Minnesota precisely breaks kernels into their constituent elements, which may convert
more of the starch into
ethanol at a lower cost, while also freeing up
more of the valuable coproducts like corn oil.
An acre
of switchgrass can produce
more than twice as much
ethanol as an acre
of corn.
The researchers, who found that
ethanol requires 29 percent
more fossil energy than it provides, question the morality
of using grain to fuel cars in the face
of world hunger.
What's
more, even small amounts
of ethanol stalled the growth
of microbial «weeds» that crowd out the beetles» food source, like the fungus Penicillium.
The Northern Territories
of Australia levied a tax on alcohol with
more than three per cent
ethanol, which led to greater availability
of lower - strength beer.
Outwardly, the way
ethanol is made has not changed much, but each step
of the process has grown markedly
more efficient, beginning with the farmers.
A
more realistic, if still optimistic, scenario sketched by the National Corn Growers Association anticipates that corn
ethanol production will quadruple to 16 billion gallons by 2015, not quite 7 percent
of the likely demand.
«In terms
of consumer ownership and use costs, the case to make a switch from current fuels to compressed natural gas (CNG) is much
more compelling than for other alternative fuels like
ethanol and electricity.»
In the most conservative countries, low - risk consumption means drinking no
more than 10 g
of pure
ethanol per day for women, 20 g for men.
Currently
more than 40 per cent
of the US corn crop goes into producing
ethanol, which is mostly mixed with gasoline to fuel conventional cars.
Since then, corn
ethanol production has
more than doubled to about 36.5 million gallons per day — meaning
ethanol already is nearly 10 percent
of U.S. fuel supply.
For cellulosic to make its way onto the market, federal policy will need to do
more to encourage distribution
of higher blends
of ethanol, the
ethanol industry says.
«It is possible that lignin could turn out to be
more valuable than cellulose and could subsidize the production
of ethanol from sustainable biomass.»
Studies have shown that using fuels composed
of more than 85 percent
ethanol reduce a variety
of air pollutants.
From the atmosphere's point
of view, growing biomass to burn in a power plant and using the electricity to move a car avoids 10 tons
of carbon dioxide emissions per acre, or 108 percent
more emission offsets than
ethanol.
«We found that with a given amount
of biomass you could produce
more transportation and greenhouse gas offsets with electricity than with
ethanol.»
At MIT, scientists have engineered a new yeast strain that can survive in high levels
of sugar and
ethanol, producing 50 percent
more ethanol than its natural cousins.
Enzymes cost about 50 cents per gallon
of ethanol, so recycling or using fewer enzymes would make biofuels
more inexpensive.
The researchers conducted
more than 60 experiments in which about 3.5 ounces
of saline or
ethanol solutions representing the planetary projectile that hit Earth was dropped into a rectangular tank holding about six gallons
of fluid representing the early Earth.
The company can produce
more than 100 gallons
of fuel per ton based on lab experiments because bacteria make
more ethanol: «We aren't producing butanol, propanol, hexanol, octanol, and all the other alcohols,» Bolsen says.
However,
more than 10 billion gallons
of ethanol will be transported and blended in 2009, and the earlier limitations in
ethanol distribution and blending are no longer the major factor in the growth
of the industry.
As attorney general, Pruitt in 2013 filed a friend
of the court brief with the U.S. Supreme Court in which he argued the EPA ignored the risks that gasoline with
more than 10 percent
ethanol can pose to cars» fuel systems as well as the RFS requirement's possible effect on food prices.
The U.S. Department
of Energy has provided
more than $ 1 billion in federal funds to support research to develop cellulosic biofuels, including
ethanol made from corn stover.
They contain
more energy per volume; a car driving on a gallon
of ethanol will go only 67 percent as far as a car on a gallon
of gasoline; on butanol, it can go 80 percent as far.
If DMF does pass that test, however, it could be available shortly and cost no
more (and potentially less, depending on the utility
of side products like HMF) than
ethanol.
Biologists know that compared with flies from tropical Africa, flies from temperate regions such as Europe survive longer when exposed to
ethanol vapors
of high concentrations, and they know it has something to do with enzymes on the flies» second chromosomes, which break down alcohol and are
more active in European flies.
More to explore Just Keep Cool — How Evaporation Affects Heating and Cooling, from Science Buddies Specific Heat, Heat
of Vaporization and Density
of Water, from Khan Academy Perspiration Cooling
of Body, from HyperPhysics Heat
of Vaporization
of Water and
Ethanol, from Khan Academy Science Activities for All Ages!
Regular drinkers
of ethanol — the type
of alcohol found in frosty malted beverages — eventually require
more and
more drinks to feel tipsy.
This means that switchgrass
ethanol delivers 540 percent
of the energy used to produce it, compared with just roughly 25 percent
more energy returned by corn - based
ethanol according to the most optimistic studies.
Here, where the molecules are close to each other, they bond together to form
more complex molecules like methanol,
ethanol, simple sugars, etc. and water in the form
of ice.
The 2015 Survey
of Non-Starch
Ethanol and Renewable Hydrocarbon Biofuels Producers provides an inventory
of the domestic advanced biofuels production industry as
of the end
of calendar year 2015, documenting important... Read
more →
Among the multiple applications for different processing pathways
of corn or sorghum
ethanol are four pathways from LytEn for hydrogen produced from biomethane; four pathways for renewable... Read
more →
The staff
of the California Air Resources Board (ARB) staff has posted three new Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) fuel pathway applications to the LCFS public comments website: one for corn
ethanol (from Heartland Corn Products in Minnesota) and one ARB staff - developed pathway (with two scenarios) for the production
of... Read
more →
They grow
more of the green parts
of the plant, which can be converted chemically to make fuel, including
ethanol and electricity.
Indeed, what makes corn
ethanol «renewable» — in the sense that we can always make
more of it by planting
more kernels — is actually a huge part
of what makes it so unsustainable in the long term.
Second, they're renewable — in the case
of ethanol, you just grow
more corn.
Afterwards, the supernatant was removed by a short spin
of the plate bottom up at no
more than 9 × g. To wash the pellet, 50 µl
of 70 %
ethanol was pipetted into each well and again the plate was spun bottom up at no
more than 9 × g for 5 — 10 sec.
Oxygen consumption in the presence
of ethanol is increased by fructose
more than glucose (Thieden and Lundquist, 1967).
So, 18 mL X 3 beers, is a recommendation
of no
more than 54 mL
of ethanol daily.
Learn about Alcohol Alcohol is a well - known drink that is composed
of ethanol, an organic... Read
More»
It's said that
ethanol is capable
of more power than gasoline in an engine exclusively designed for it.
It takes something like seven percent
more energy to create a gallon
of ethanol than that gallon even contains.
ENGINE 5.3 L FLEXFUEL ECOTEC3 V8 WITH ACTIVE FUEL MANAGEMENT DIRECT INJECTION AND VARIABLE VALVE TIMING includes aluminum block construction with Flex Fuel capability capable
of running on unleaded or up to 85 %
ethanol (355 hp [265 kW] @ 5600 rpm 383 lb - ft
of torque [518 Nm] @ 4100 rpm;
more than 300 lb - ft
of torque from 2000 to 5600 rpm)(STD)
All that and
more, plus a preview
of Autoline This Week about whether using
ethanol in gasoline hurts our food supply.