Because
of the mortality credits accrued during the deferral period, the time period between the purchase of a longevity annuity and when the longevity annuity payout begins, longevity annuities can be more efficient over the long run than immediate annunities, all else being equal.
Unfortunately the Defined Contribution (DC) plans that are displacing DB plans «rob» retirees
of both mortality credits and the benefits of risk pooling, Milevsky wrote.
For most people, at some age (generally > 50), the expected insurance value
of the mortality credits (your longevity insurance) becomes greater than the cost for some piece of their portfolio.
Not exact matches
Because in addition to interest and return
of a portion
of your principal, each annuity payment effectively contains an extra little amount known as a «
mortality credit» — essentially, money transferred from annuity owners who die early to those who live long lives.
So an annuity payment includes not just investment gains and the return
of your original investment, but this additional «
mortality credit» income as well.
Mortality credits aren't available to you when you invest as an individual, which means the only way for you to get the same level
of income an annuity offers is to invest more aggressively.
So in practical terms how do
mortality credits as well as an annuity's guarantee
of a steady lifetime payment translate into an edge over simply investing your money and carefully drawing it down?
Which means that the annuity payment you receive includes not just investment gains and the return
of your original investment, but
mortality credits as well.
The upshot, though, is that unless you're willing to take on more investing risk — which also means accepting the possibility
of running through your money while you're still alive — it's very unlikely that you can match an immediate annuity's guarantee
of lifetime payments, which includes that extra bit
of income that
mortality credits provide.
But if you've rejected an immediate annuity because you think you can generate the same level
of guaranteed lifetime income investing on your own, I have two little words for you:
mortality credits.
I can't tell you the number
of times after doing an annuity story that I've gotten feedback from people who essentially say they would never buy annuity because they think can do better investing on their own (never mind that's difficult to impossible to do without taking on greater risk because annuities have what amounts to an extra return called a «
mortality credit» that individuals can't duplicate on their own).
What gives the annuity its edge is that each annuity payment you receive contains not just interest and return
of a portion
of your principal but an extra «return» known as a
mortality credit.
Nice compendium, though some discussion
of the concept
of «
mortality credits» would be useful.
I'll be the first to admit that «
mortality credits» and the cost / benefit analysis
of them is well beyond my scope
of expertise on this topic!
So the company may raise the expense charges and
mortality costs and lower the amount
of interest
credited to the accumulating funds.
Last August Milevsky's article Tontine Thinking was published in The Actuary, arguing
mortality credits should be re-introduced explicitly in the design
of future Retirement Income products.
Since these products do not offer any retirement alpha (i.e. longevity
credits, otherwise known as
mortality credits) a topic that I highlighted via this blog a few months ago: Increased Life Expectancy Leads to a Decrease in Payout Rates, it will take a much larger portion
of your funds to generate the same amount
of income.
Milevsky argues that even at today's rock - bottom interest rates, annuities should pay more than comparable fixed - income investments because
of the built - in
mortality credits.
Moreover, the inflation - adjusted income flows, at least initially and for several years thereafter, will likely be lower than those
of a life annuity because
of the latter's «
mortality credit,» the sharing
of mortality gains among survivors in the annuity purchase pool.
A longer deferral period will allow a client to buy a larger annuity payment because (1) assets have more time to grow; (2) there will be fewer years
of distribution; and (3) more
mortality credits are available.
While I disagree with some
of Sallinger's claims (e.g., that all
mortality sources, including cats, add to declining bird populations), I have to give him (and Feral Cat Coalition
of Oregon executive director Karen Krauss)
credit for taking some rather extraordinary steps in, to use Lynn's words, merging horizons
of understanding.
Moreover, the paper gets its history wrong when it notes that «Total cancer
mortality rates did not decline until 1990, 25 years after the identification
of the effect
of smoking on lung and other cancers...» Well, actually, it was more like 50 years, because the earliest studies to connect smoking and lung cancer were conducted not by NIH - funded scientists but by Nazi scientists in the run - up to World War II.4 By the logic
of the PNAS paper, then, ought we to be
crediting the Nazi health science agenda with whatever progress has been made on reducing lung cancer, rather than the incredibly protracted and difficult public health campaign (that, for the most part, NIH had nothing to do with) aimed at getting people to cut down on smoking?
Your Value - Added Whole Life policy is guaranteed over the life
of the policy to earn a minimum
crediting rate (specified in your policy) less charges for
mortality and expenses.
Because
of something called
mortality credits.
If you buy your income annuity at age 70 or older, the annuity companies can provide a higher payout to you; something akin to a higher rate
of return because
of the way these
mortality credits work.
Avoiding Tax Trap in the Exchange The very common reason why many policyholders would opt to change their old annuity policy and old life insurance policy in exchange to a new annuity policy and new annuity policy is mainly because a new policy is most likely will perform much better compared to the old policies since nowadays there are already improvements when it comes to
mortality which will provide a lower insurance cost, a lesser administration expense on the policy which will provide lower cost, improvements in the said underwriting with lower cost, improvements in the health
of the insured which will trigger lower cost, improvements in interest
crediting which will perhaps provide higher rates
of interest as well as the interest linked in an index and to some cases, a worsened health which may cause higher than the usual annuity payments.
Companies make investments in real estate property that generate returns, they get returns on their own market - related investments, there are
mortality credits (think «x» number
of 50 year old men are supposed to die in 2015, but only 50 %
of them do.
Deferral
of Social Security income, say from age 62 to age 70, has a similar effect on payouts as in a deferred income annuity (another name for longevity insurance);
mortality credits can accrue during this deferral period, say from 62 to 70.
The returns
of a longevity insurance (ignoring fees) are from the principal, interests, and
mortality credits.
Future changes in the environment can easily rearrange the efficiencies
of these various elements; efficiencies based on
mortality credits are most robust.
Despite the fact that one research paper recently found Americans are more afraid
of outliving their money during retirement than death itself, and economics research has long since shown that leveraging
mortality credits through annuitization is an «efficient» way to buy retirement income that can't be outlived, the adoption
of guaranteed lifetime income vehicles like a single premium immediate annuity purchased at retirement remains extremely low.
So the company may raise the expense charges and
mortality costs and lower the amount
of interest
credited to the accumulating funds.
If the difference between the current
mortality rates and the maximum rates is small, the company has little room to use higher
mortality charges as a means
of reducing the effective rate
credited to cash values.