Sentences with phrase «of moving electrons»

Things like chairs are not just a mass of moving electrons and protons but have a unity, with a form and a nature.

Not exact matches

These electrons then move to the positive side of the cell.

At extreme temperatures, atoms are stripped of their electrons and nuclei move so quickly that they overcome their «mutual repulsion», joining together to form a heavier nucleus.

Do you know where an electron goes when it moves from one side of an atom to the other?

And since everything in the universe acts according to a definite pattern (electrons whiz round the nucleus of an atom and humans desire happiness - even if they are mistaken in what they do to try and get happy - and acorn trees produce acorns) then it is safe to say that there must be an intelligence moving the universe.

As one moves up levels of organization — electrons, atoms, molecules, cells, and so on — the properties of each larger whole are given, not merely by the units of which it is composed, but by the new relations among these units.

Instead of light, computers run on electrons moving through silicon - based chips — which, despite huge advances, are still less efficient than photonics.

They turned to quinones, a carbon - based class of chemicals that play an important role in animal and plant metabolism, moving electrons in the chemical reactions we use to store energy in our bodies.

When the dust settled in the 1970s, we were left with two kinds of elementary particles: quarks, which group into heavier composites like protons and neutrons; and lighter particles called leptons, like the electron and the neutrino, which can move freely without bunching into heavier combinations.

The degree to which the electrons move out of kilter indicates the number of photons present.

Moving electrons around is a key part of making ATP.

«One way to know is by understanding how electrons move around in these materials so we can develop new ways of manipulating them — for example, with light instead of electrical current as conventional computers do.»

All light comes from the same physical process: An electron circling the nucleus of an atom in its customary orbit is energized — often by heat — and moves into a higher orbit.

Some of that current is lost, however, as moving electrons from the emitter drop into «holes» — places in the base where electrons are missing — releasing energy in the process.

The computer's performance has generally been improved through upgrades in digital semiconductor performance: shrinking the size of the semiconductor's transistors to ramp up transaction speed, packing more of them onto the chip to increase processing power, and even substituting silicon with compounds such as gallium arsenide or indium phosphide, which allow electrons to move at a higher velocity.

This freely moving particle, predicted by many grand theories of the universe, is thought to carry a single quantum of magnetic «charge», rather as an electron carries a single unit of electric charge.

Awschalom's team recently discovered an effect predicted 35 years ago, called the spin Hall effect: By introducing certain chemical defects into a semiconductor, electrons with opposite spins can be induced to move in opposite directions and line up on the sides of a chip.

I wanted to see the electrons move, not just to explain their motion by measuring a change of light transmission and reflection in the material,» said Prof Keshav Dani, leader of Unit.

But last year a group of researchers at Princeton University revealed materials whose surfaces allow electrons to move unimpeded past pesky obstacles.

Atoms are composed of electrons moving around a central nucleus they are bound to.

José Sánchez - Dehesa and Daniel Torrent at the Polytechnic University of Valencia claim that the sound moves in the same way as electrons in graphene, with almost no losses (Physical Review Letters, DOI: 10.1103 / PhysRevLett.108.174301).

Dr. Michael Man, a postdoctoral fellow in Prof. Dani's Unit, combined the techniques of UV light pulses and electron microscopy in order to see electrons moving inside a solar cell.

Intrigued by the molecular details of how enzymes worked, he next joined the lab of Michael Toney, where he set out to understand how electrons and protons move during catalysis by analyzing how mutations in the enzyme's functional site affected the reaction mechanism.

They found they could capture the essential features of these complicated materials, containing vast numbers of interacting electrons, with just a single rule: Electrons can move randomly from one atom to another within a given sample, but they can only move electrons, with just a single rule: Electrons can move randomly from one atom to another within a given sample, but they can only move Electrons can move randomly from one atom to another within a given sample, but they can only move in pairs.

The scheme of oxidases action is simple: transferring electrons to molecular oxygen, reducing equivalents are oxidized again, and as a result «the energy currency» of the cell — the proton - moving force is generated.

BEAMS of electrons can pick up and move tiny objects, just like optical tweezers that manipulate items using light.

«This means that electrons in these systems can only move in two - dimensional planes,» explains Prof. Dr Selim Jochim of Heidelberg University's Institute for Physics, who heads the project.

But Sinisa Coh of the University of California, Berkeley, and colleagues saw something surprising when they used a high - resolution electron microscope to watch an iron crystal moving through a kinked nanotube.

But when the team applies a pulse of electrons to the «wheels», some gain energy and move a quarter turn.

The winner of the 2017 Discovery Prize discusses his work watching electrons moving through molecules

When they moved the scope's electron beam, nanoparticles of aluminium moved too.

An especially intriguing aspect of the new paper was that silicon carbide semiconductor defects have a natural affinity for moving information between light and spin (a magnetic property of electrons).

If the acceleration of these electrons was occurring due to radial transport, one would measure effects starting first far from Earth and moving inward due to the very shape and strength of the surrounding fields.

But when the magnetic orientations of the wires point in opposite directions, electrons moving through the cluster from one wire to the other must quickly flip their spin.

The sun's cast - off electrons and ions move so fast they can easily be deflected by electric and magnetic fields to create what Winglee terms a mini-magnetosphere — with a greater surface area than that of projected solar sails.

When a rock heats up, some of the electrons inside can move freely.

APDs detect photons because when a photon strikes the top surface of the chip, its energy knocks an electron into an energy level in which it can move around freely.

The first experimental evidence of 3D NEC was discovered using the unique material iridium oxide, which belongs to a class of «correlated» materials in which electrons move in an orchestrated fashion.

As a read head moves above bits of magnetic data, changes in the magnetic orientation of those bits alter the electrical resistance of electrons flowing through the sensor, translating the magnetic data into a stream of electrical pulses.

Electrons begin moving in circles in response to the magnetic field, as well as back and forth in reaction to the electric field — and the moving charges produce fields of their own.

Dawson is an expert on the interactions of lasers with plasma, the high - energy state of matter in which electrons are no longer bound in atoms, but move around independently of the positive ions they leave behind.

For example, turn on your digital camera to snap a picture of the setting sun and photons flying in through the lens make electrons move out from semiconductors located where the film would be in conventional cameras.

If science can figure out how to move electrons across silicon, it can teach watchmakers how to tell us the temperature, the weather, the altitude, the day of the week, the direction of magnetic north, and, yes, even the time — all on the face of a single wristwatch.

As the MMS team reports today in Science, instead of the turbulent swirling of electrons that some theorists had predicted, researchers found that the electrons moved in a more concerted way, meandering back and forth across the magnetopause.

Many people picture electrical conductivity as the flow of charged particles (mainly electrons) without really thinking about the atomic structure of the material through which those charges are moving.

The collective flipping of large numbers of metallic nanowire atoms, forced by a large number of electrons in the electric current, moves the domain wall — and the data bits it separates — along.

Less evident is the concept that electrons and atoms can move cooperatively to stop the flow of charge — or, in the other extreme, make electrons flow freely without resistance.

This ability to switch conductivity is possible because some of their electrons can move from lower - energy insulating states to higher - energy conducting states when subjected to an input of energy.

To achieve this the researchers took advantage of the manner in which Fe atoms move across the surface of graphene when irradiated by electrons in a transmission electron microscope (TEM).

Depending on whether they were moving clockwise or anticlockwise, the electrons will fly out of the molecule along or opposite to the direction of the laser ray.