The King lab at Berkeley has pioneered the exploration of the
origins of multicellularity by looking at choanoflagellates for shared characteristics and behaviors conserved by evolution in animals.
So while unicellularity is clearly a successful way of life for many organisms, for others the collective
benefit of multicellularity appears to outweigh the loss of individual fitness for each somatic cell that is denied a chance to pass on its particular genome.
And this primal division of reproductive labor has evolutionary consequences: It allows sexual reproduction and fosters genetic diversity and the
evolution of multicellularity.
evolved its germ — soma division by repurposing genes initially used for the transition to a simpler
form of multicellularity without a germ — soma dichotomy, but found little support for this hypothesis.
These snowflakes grow and divide in a way that provides a clever solution to one of the major
pitfalls of multicellularity: the cheater problem, in which lazy cells take advantage of cooperative ones.
Conventionally the term plant implies a taxon with
characteristics of multicellularity, cell structure with walls containing cellulose, and organisms capable of photosynthesis.
Interpreting the
origins of multicellularity is key to understanding the origins of animals, King says, noting that her research «reaches back much further on the family tree than our common ancestors with other primates.»
The bacteria system in S. rosetta can now be used to answer more specific questions, such as what the
benefit of multicellularity might be — a question King and her collaborators at Berkeley are now working to answer.
This provides experimental proof that when evolution makes a great leap forward — such as the origin
of multicellularity — organisms can diversify rapidly to take advantage of the change.
Extavour's own lab focuses on dissecting insect embryos and ovaries, searching for genetic clues to the origin
of multicellularity and the complex organisms that multicellularity made possible, including Homo sapiens.