46 To that end, it should be noted that, on the basis of customary rules of general international law and
those of multilateral agreements, the Head of State enjoys a particular status in international relations which entails, inter alia, privileges and immunities.
A general theme of the videoconference echoed the need for organizations to work together with synergies among international satellite programs and the importance
of multilateral agreements in addressing climate monitoring.
But that isn't going to change - not least because of the sharp domestic contest about the legitimacy
of multilateral agreements (on anything, and on climate change in particular).
Not exact matches
Abe also welcomed the impending visit to Japan
of China's Premier Li Keqiang to (a) set up a trilateral free trade area with China and South Korea, (b) conclude the
agreement on an East Asian Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, (c) join China's erstwhile shunned Belt and Road infrastructure projects, (d) promote
multilateral trade and (e) fight trade protectionism.
A free - trade segment
of his speech focused on his proposal for the «Reagan Economic Zone
of Prosperity,» a vaguely - defined
multilateral agreement that would promote free trade and punish the «cheaters,» particularly China.
The idea
of Getting to Yes was to translate their thinking about
multilateral peace
agreements into lessons that might be applied to more quotidian forms
of negotiation.
Abe will seek to secure that exemption, and urge Trump to ensure the stability
of the global economy through clear policies and more
multilateral agreements.
Increasing intraregional Asian trade flows and the development
of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) will propel regional integration, but the region's ultimate success in fostering connectivity will be highly dependent on its ability to finance and build regional infrastructure and negotiate and ratify more bilateral and
multilateral free trade
agreements (FTAs).
That could further fuel trade tensions and make it less likely that the United States will be able to reach the types
of bilateral or
multilateral agreements that have helped expand American exports.
Clark said mischievously he recommends Canada seek a border adjustment carbon tax at best, but at a bare minimum he believes Canada should require the Paris
Agreement be added to a list
of multilateral environment
agreements to which NAFTA countries must belong.
Markets are unlikely to be shocked by a failure
of NAFTA renegotiations, given President Trump's well - known antipathy toward
multilateral agreements.
Mr. Black continued, «Against the backdrop
of tense NAFTA negotiations in Montreal this week, proceeding with a
multilateral trade
agreement that retains the majority
of the terms negotiated for the TPP assures that Canada's exporters will have new avenues to pursue diversified markets around the Asia - Pacific.»
Goods not subject to bilateral or
multilateral trade
agreements are still subject to non-preferential rules
of origin, which are overseen and mediated by the World Trade Organization (WTO).
In addition to the lack
of coordination among the bilateral and
multilateral dialogues and to the problem
of achieving, within the Churches, a binding reception
of the results
of dialogue, Raiser mentions one reason in particular that makes this reception
of the results
of dialogue difficult: «The paths thus far traveled «in the ecumenical movement have taken the separated Churches as their starting point and sought to overcome the division by convergence and formal
agreement.»
The US system presents enormous hurdles and veto points for
multilateral agreements (eg the Senate Treaty ratification process, which scuppered US participation in the League
of Nations for example).
It is because
of this lack
of multilateral coordination that international rules governing foreign investment have been established through a myriad
of international investment
agreements (IIAs) negotiated and concluded either as bilateral investment treaties (BITs) between two countries, or through
multilateral negotiations.
The report recommends foreign policy follows five guiding principles: to actively work to protect civilians; to challenge abuses
of humanitarian law and human rights; to deliver on policies like the Arms Trade Treaty which save lives through international
agreement; to meet the challenges
of the modern world, including new threats like terrorism; and strengthening
multilateral institutions, with the UK taking the lead to reunite the UN.
Much like how trade
agreements contributed to a booming global trade,
multilateral research grant
agreements can catalyze a truly global research operation for the benefit
of all.
A new report shows how
multilateral development banks, including the World Bank, gave over $ 9 billion in funding for fossil fuel projects in 2016, nearly all
of it following the Paris
Agreement being reached and despite claims that they were acting on climate and adjusting their investment strategies.
On Friday in Adelaide, an Education Council meeting
of federal, state and territory education ministers will consider a
multilateral agreement for schools funding for 2018 — 19, with bilateral
agreements to be negotiated after the Gonski 2.0 review reports in March 2018.
The Peoples» Sustainability Treaties (PST) were initiated by civil society organizations to develop collective
agreements for sustainable futures beyond Rio +20 and a post 2015 agenda
of the
multilateral system.
National contributions can be adjusted upwards over time, especially as mobilization
of climate finance and other forms
of multilateral cooperation which are catalysed by the new Paris
agreement will allow governments to go further and faster, even before 2030.
They will, so far as practicable, prefer the making
of multilateral contracts pursuant to Article III
of this
agreement.
I am a proponent
of a
multilateral world wherein trade works on the basis
of bilateral and
multilateral agreements between countries.
As time passed, however, my views evolved, and for several years now, my opinion is that U.S. domestic policy action needs to proceed in parallel with committed efforts to develop a sound international scheme
of cooperation, including the key emerging economies (the usual list), whether that scheme be an official post-Kyoto
agreement, some other
multilateral arrangements, or a set
of bilateral arrangements.
«We will try to give some opportunities for its resolution outside
of this
multilateral setting... And I am saying that, confident that, I think China still is as desirous
of an
agreement, as we are.»
The U.S. government formally notified the UN
of its intent to withdraw from the Paris
Agreement last August, and its
multilateral policies officially seek to increase deployment
of fossil fuels globally.
• Research and oppose bilateral and
multilateral Free Trade
Agreements with USA that are drivers to agrofuel expansion in some
of the Latin American countries including IADB, The Integracion de la Infraestructura Regional Sudamericana and the Plan Mesoamerica.
Sets forth U.S. negotiating objectives with respect to
multilateral environmental negotiations, including reaching an internationally binding
agreement in which all major GHG - emitting countries contribute equitably to the reduction
of global GHG emissions.
Requires the President to: (1) report to Congress, by January 1, 2017, and biannually thereafter, on the effectiveness
of the distribution
of emission allowance rebates in mitigating carbon leakage in eligible industrial sectors: (2) establish, if there is no
multilateral agreement on reducing GHGs in force by January 1, 2018, an international reserve allowance program for each eligible industrial sector unless the President determines and the Congress concurs that the program, or inclusion
of a sector within that program, would not be in the nation's economic or environmental interests.
Authorizes the EPA Administrator to support activities only in a developing country that: (1) is experiencing deforestation or forest degradation or has standing forest carbon stocks that may be at risk
of deforestation or degradation; and (2) has entered a bilateral or
multilateral agreement with the United States establishing the conditions
of its participation.
Montreal IGSD names «that other» climate treaty, 1987's Montreal Protocol «one
of the world's most successful
multilateral environmental
agreements, having phased out 97 percent
of almost 100 ozone - depleting substances — placing the ozone layer on a path to recovery later this century».
Authorizes the EPA Administrator to issue international offset credits based on activities that reduce or avoid GHG emissions, or increase sequestration
of GHGs, in a developing country if: (1) the United States is a party to a bilateral or
multilateral agreement that includes the nation hosting the offset project; and (2) the host nation is a developing country.
-- If the United States becomes a party or otherwise adheres to a
multilateral agreement, including any amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer, which restricts the production or consumption
of class II, group II substances --
-- If the United States becomes a party or otherwise adheres to a
multilateral agreement, including any amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer, which restricts the production or consumption
of class II, group II substances, the Administrator may utilize funds to meet any related contribution obligation
of the United States to the
Multilateral Fund for the Implementation
of the Montreal Protocol or similar
multilateral fund established under such
multilateral agreement.
Both briefings are part
of the Big Shift Campaign, a global effort composed
of dozens
of civil society organizations encouraging government - backed
multilateral development banks to reinforce the aims
of the Paris
Agreement and commit to a shift from fossil fuel finance to clean energy finance.
On the eve
of the 2017 Annual Meetings
of the World Bank Group and International Monetary Fund, Oil Change International and E3G have launched briefings showing that while some
multilateral development banks are making good progress on climate action, many are still financing billions
of dollars in fossil fuel projects despite mounting climate impacts and global commitments like the Paris
Agreement reached in December 2015.
An example
of the third architecture, decentralized approaches and coordinated national policies, would be linkage among domestic cap - and - trade systems, driven not through a
multilateral agreement but largely by bilateral arrangements.
The
multilateral approach adopted since then helps ensure that the process grinds on more or less independent
of any individual country's actions, an approach enshrined in the Paris
Agreement, including the relatively long lead time (four years) for withdrawal, which has buffered the effects
of the Trump administration's withdrawal announcement.
Spurred into action by the potentially catastrophic scenario unfolding, the international community pulled off an impressive feat, the conclusion on September 16, 1987
of a landmark
multilateral agreement to arrest ozone depletion — The Montreal Protocol — in the space
of just under two - and - a-half years.
Finance provided and catalyzed by
multilateral development banks (MDBs) will help pay for implementation
of the UN Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Climate
Agreement in many developing countries.
The new hope for
multilateral climate cooperation under the 2015 Paris
agreement received a blow with the election
of a climate denier to the White House.
I mean, the president has called for an 18 percent reduction in greenhouse gas intensity; we spend over $ 4 billion a year now in climate change technology and research development; we have bilateral,
multilateral agreements with most
of the rest
of the developed world on things like coalbed methane and hydrogen fuel cells.
(a) i) Increase in the number
of United Nations agencies and
multilateral environmental
agreements using data on environmental trends, identified through UN Environment Programme, to influence their policy
The Montreal Protocol is a
multilateral environmental
agreement that is successfully preventing massive damage to human health and the environment from excessive ultraviolet radiation from the sun by phasing out the production and consumption
of substances that deplete the ozone layer.
A similar transition is underway internationally, with bilateral and
multilateral agreements among major emitters displacing efforts to make a grand bargain to cap global emissions at the United Nations, a shift proposed by a number
of critics
of the 20 - year effort to cap emissions, including the two
of us, over the last decade, that has only to begun to bear fruit since the collapse
of international climate negotiations at Copenhagen in 2009.
I mean, it's designed to be done in 2018 and to provide input to the facilitative dialogue, as it's called [now called the Talanoa dialogue], which is actually a
multilateral review
of how countries are travelling toward the Paris
Agreement that was agreed to be done in 2018.
The
Agreement also ensures that countries must come to a
multilateral setting to discuss progress on implementation
of their emissions reduction targets.
• According to the
agreement, the United States and China agreed to «work together and with other countries through
multilateral approaches that include using the expertise and institutions
of the Montreal Protocol to phase down the production and consumption
of HFCs, while continuing to include HFCs within the scope
of UNFCCC and its Kyoto Protocol provisions for accounting and reporting
of emissions.
On November 30th, diplomats from the Department
of State concluded 10 years
of negotiations by finalizing a
multilateral agreement to protect the central Arctic Ocean from overfishing, as sea ice in the region dwindles.