Sentences with phrase «of nanometer»

The measurements, especially with HFO, revealed that marine exhaust particles mostly consist of nanometer sized ash particles on which heavy volatile species condense during exhaust dilution and cooling.

The highest particle surface area is achieved when there is a high concentration of nanometer or sub-nanometer sized particles.

True silver colloids are products that do not contain any protein or other additives and whose silver content is predominantly in the form of nanometer sized silver particles.

For the first time, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) researchers have shown that carbon nanotubes as small as eight - tenths of a nanometer in diameter can transport protons faster than bulk water, by an order of magnitude.

The discovery of nanometer - sized shapes in the Martian meteorite ALH84001 was reported in 1996 in headlines all around the world.

The term «nano - technology» had been coined in 1974 by Norio Taniguichi to describe semiconductor processes involving control on the order of a nanometer.

He used this phenomenon to generate the basic logic functions and other features required for computation, thereby creating the first computer circuit in which all components were of nanometer scale.

Researchers could see structural details down to hundredths of a nanometer — less than the diameter of some atoms.

State - of - the - art atomic force microscopes (AFMs) are designed to capture images of structures as small as a fraction of a nanometer — a million times smaller than the width of a human hair.

The ORNL study published in the journal Small demonstrates how scanning transmission electron microscopes, normally used as imaging tools, are also capable of precision sculpting of nanometer - sized 3 - D features in complex oxide materials.

An angstrom is one - tenth of a nanometer.

What's next: The multi-scale computational method, ranging from ab initio calculation to long time dynamics method, will be further employed to study structural evolution of nanometer - sized metal clusters with increasing size and phase transformation of these metal clusters.

Fluorescence Interference Contrast (FLIC) Microscopy which allows the determination of nanometer distances was used for this purpose.

How is the pericentriolar matrix (PCM), an amorphous, micrometer - scale structure, assembled from thousands of nanometer - scale proteins in the cytoplasm?

The folded DNA then acts as a scaffold onto which researchers can attach and organize all kinds of nanometer - scale components, from fluorescent molecules to electrically conductive carbon nanotubes to drugs.

These tools, however, produce nothing close to the angstrom - level (tenth of a nanometer) resolution of a new type of microscope that uses femtosecond pulses of extreme ultraviolet light (EUV)-- the same wavelength light to be used for sub-10 nanometer semiconductor lithography.]

The white dots making up squares arrayed 45 - degrees to the x / y - axis are selenium (Se) atoms, while the defects — missing Fe atoms in the Fe plane, about a quarter of a nanometer below the Se surface — show up as butterfly - shaped perturbations produced by quantum interference of electrons scattering from the defects.

Now Dietz and his team have not only broken out of the nanometer realm to build larger objects, but have also cut the production costs a thousand-fold.

Of course, there are a few potential snags in the vision of nanometer - size circuits stamped onto Frisbee - size graphene wafers.

The vibrations should measure about a 10 - millionth of a nanometer — about the same amount the bar would vibrate with thermal energy — but Weber hoped to spot the waves by seeing multiple cylinders sing in concert.

The SFA measured the forces and distances between the two membrane surfaces as they were pushed together, visualized at the Ångstrom (one - tenth of a nanometer) level.

Individually, these motors only operate over distances in the region of a nanometer.

DNA Nanotechnology enables the synthesis of nanometer - sized objects with programmable shapes out of many chemically produced DNA fragments.

It uses a very sharp metallic tip, placed extremely close to the sample surface-less than a tenth of a nanometer away.

Flash melting of lead in the core of a nanotube enables close tracking of nanometer - scale fluid dynamics.

The instrument must be stable to within about one - tenth of a nanometer (1 angstrom to biologists, equivalent to the diameter of a hydrogen atom).

But when augmented by the new JILA measurement platform, it can reliably achieve tenth of a nanometer stability for up to 100 seconds at a time.

In 2007, for instance, researchers found that graphene was not truly planar but had a characteristic roughness in the form of nanometer - size surface ripples.

To map the minute landscape of molecules, at scales as tiny as just tenths of a nanometer, and help decipher their functions, structural biologists have long relied on two tools: nuclear magnetic resonance, or NMR, spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography.

Using a cryo - electron microscope, researchers created a highly detailed 3 - D image of the nanometer - sized virus.

Doxorubicin is administered by way of nanometer - sized carrier particles.

He worked on osmosis and colloids, which are suspensions of nanometer - sized particles.

LIGO researchers sensed a wave that stretched space by one part in 1021, making the entire Earth expand and contract by 1/100, 000 of a nanometer, about the width of an atomic nucleus.

Although scientists now know how to make room - temperature skyrmions, the heat - tolerant swirls, tens to hundreds of nanometers in diameter, tend to be too big to be very useful.

Ranging from a nanometer to hundreds of nanometers in diameter, skyrmions «are probably the smallest magnetic systems... that can be imagined or that can be realized in nature,» says physicist Vincent Cros of Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS / Thales in Palaiseau, France.

In order for lateral confinement to be produced, the cross section of the structure must be much smaller than the «mean free path» of a phonon, or only a few to hundreds of nanometers depending on the material, Wang said.

However, ions can only penetrate the polymers a couple of nanometers deep, leaving much of the material as dead weight.

They consist of nanometers - thick layers of light - emitting material, representing the quantum well, sandwiched between other materials that serve to guide both the injected electrical current as well as the output light.

The nanorods range in size from a few hundred nanometers to a few micrometers in length, and a few tens of nanometers in diameter.

At their core is a network of titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles, each just a couple of tens of nanometers across, coated with a film of organic dye.

Even though we lose this sensitivity with age, our adult ears can still detect molecular displacements on the order of nanometers.

These corrections are made through a process called wavefront sensing and control, which aligns the mirrors to within tens of nanometers.

RRAM involves a subtle motion of atoms, changing the film of a resistor by a matter of nanometers.

Ropes, hundreds of nanometers in diameter, made of single - walled carbon nanotubes and containing smaller braided bundles, can be spun from a superacid solution containing dissolved carbon nanotubes.

They do not take up much space: Layers with a thickness in the order of magnitude of nanometers are enough to detect light — the detector is more than a thousand times thinner than the wavelength of the light which is being detected.

It's relatively easy to measure small movements of large objects but much more difficult when the moving parts are on the scale of nanometers, or billionths of a meter.

Being able to reach a resolution of tens of nanometers with visible light meant that biological molecules could be observed while still alive, not under the harsh conditions necessary for an electron microscope.

Boland and colleagues showed for the first time that, in films of nanocrystalline copper just tens of nanometers thick, peaks and dips appear where misaligned grains meet.

That meant the engineers had to devise cloaking components only tens of nanometers apart.

Logical elements of standard contemporary processors are dozens of nanometers in size.