These are all things that climate change model should take into account to arrive at better predictions of the future, but the full effects
of this nitrogen fertilization aren't yet entirely clear.
Not exact matches
The doubling
of production during the last 35 years was associated with a 6.9 fold increase in
nitrogen fertilization, 3.5 fold increase in phosphorus
fertilization and a 1.7 fold increase in irrigated land90.
Ecologist Knute Nadelhoffer
of the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, wanted to explore whether
nitrogen fertilization might help explain how terrestrial ecosystems store 1800 - billion kilograms
of carbon each year.
Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for plant growth, and
nitrogen fertilization — including the application
of manures — is a major management strategy in agriculture across the globe.
However, carbon dioxide
fertilization isn't the only cause
of increased plant growth —
nitrogen, land cover change and climate change by way
of global temperature, precipitation and sunlight changes all contribute to the greening effect.
Emissions decreased as the proportion
of soybeans in the diet increased, as soybeans require less
nitrogen fertilization than corn grain.
Possible mechanisms include (iv)
fertilization of phytoplankton growth in the Southern Ocean by increased deposition
of iron - containing dust from the atmosphere after being carried by winds from colder, drier continental areas, and a subsequent redistribution
of limiting nutrients; (v) an increase in the whole ocean nutrient content (e.g., through input
of material exposed on shelves or
nitrogen fixation); and (vi) an increase in the ratio between carbon and other nutrients assimilated in organic material, resulting in a higher carbon export per unit
of limiting nutrient exported.
Chen, Z., Y. Xu, X. Zhou, J, Tang, Y. Kuzyakov, H. Yu, J. Fan, W. Ding, Extreme rainfall and snowfall alter responses
of soil respiration to
nitrogen fertilization: a 3 - year field experiment, Global Change Biology, 23: 3403 — 3417.
Is it the long - awaited, predicted and scientifically reasonable CO2
fertilization feedback effect on the oceans» vast biomass
of CO2 - consuming cyanobacteria, albeit also driven by the (literally) «shit - loads»
of nitrogen compounds the human race is also pumping into the oceans — thereby shifting sea surface albedos, reducing evaporation rates and troposphere relative humidities (ringing any bells here, bros)?
If entering the «climate drivers equation» is now the increasing activity
of tropical (or extra-tropical) ocean cyanobacterial productivity (driven by the CO2
fertilization effect including the effect
of the anthropogenic
nitrogen discharges to coastal oceans), then what can we say about the strength
of future El Ninos and La Ninas and the predictability
of the PDO?
In experiment after experiment, scientists find that the CO2
fertilization effect is short - lived without additional inputs
of nutrients, particularly
nitrogen..
Biodiversity is affected by many agents including overharvesting, introduction
of exotic species, land use changes,
nitrogen fertilization, and direct effects
of increased atmospheric CO2 on plant ecophysiology [43].
(``... oxides
of nitrogen are formed in internal combustion engines that can be deposited as nitrates also contributing to
fertilization of plant materials.»)
Increased uptake in the past decade may be a consequence
of a reduced rate
of deforestation [217] and
fertilization of the biosphere by atmospheric CO2 and
nitrogen deposition [187].
After that come a bunch
of ocean
fertilization schemes, using phosphorous,
nitrogen and iron, all
of which offer something in the region
of 0.1 - 0.2 W / m ².
Modeling and field studies confirm a major role
of nitrogen deposition, working in concert with CO2
fertilization, in causing a large increase in net primary productivity
of temperate and boreal forests.
This fast - growing tree prefers well - drained soil and full sun to part shade, and because it's in the pea family, can get some
of its
nitrogen from the air so that only light
fertilization is necessary.
In addition, oxides
of nitrogen are formed in internal combustion engines that can be deposited as nitrates also contributing to
fertilization of plant materials.
The climate feedbacks involved with these changes, which are key in understanding the climate system as a whole, include: + the importance
of aerosol absorption on climate + the impact
of aerosol deposition which affects biology and, hence, emissions
of aerosols and aerosol precursors via organic
nitrogen, organic phosphorus and iron
fertilization + the importance
of land use and land use changes on natural and anthropogenic aerosol sources + the SOA sources and impact on climate, with special attention on the impact human activities have on natural SOA formation In order to quantitatively answer such questions I perform simulations
of the past, present and future atmospheres, and make comparisons with measurements and remote sensing data, all
of which help understand, evaluate and improve the model's parameterizations and performance, and our understanding
of the Earth system.