Thus, findings from longitudinal studies have important nosological implications.50 Although our findings differentiated juvenile - and adult - depressed groups, we also draw attention to a pattern
of nonsignificant findings that suggest heterogeneity within juvenile - depressed groups.
Summary of regression analyses with BMI Z score and sum of skinfolds as dependent variables showing regression coefficients (95 % CI) from simple regression analysis and multiple regression after backward elimination
of nonsignificant variables
With this kind of review process, if 20 studies of the effectiveness of a truly ineffective drug are conducted, and one of them shows a significant effect with a p - value of 0.05 because of chance alone, investigators for the other 19 studies not showing any effect would presumably not be inhibited from writing up and submitting reports of these for publication out of fear that they'll be denied publication because
of their nonsignificant results.
Not exact matches
After case mix adjustment, the relation is reversed, showing
nonsignificant increased mortality risk
of home birth (OR 1.05, 95 % CI 0.91 — 1.21).
We found a
nonsignificant difference in number
of deaths before age 70 years under current breastfeeding rates (4,396 additional premature deaths, 95 % CI — 810 — 7,918).
One randomized controlled trial comparing home - visited families with control participants who received other community services found a statistically significant difference in mean depressive symptoms at two years post-enrollment, but this contrast was
nonsignificant at three years post - enrollment.15 A second study
of Early Head Start found no differences in depressive symptoms between intervention and control group participants post-intervention, although a difference was detected at a longer - term follow - up prior to children's enrollment in kindergarten.10 Other randomized controlled trial studies have not found effects
of home visitation on maternal depressive symptoms.12, 16,17
Significant relations between breastfeeding and Woodcock Reading Achievement scores at 11 years were also reduced to
nonsignificant levels after the inclusion
of maternal IQ and the Home Observation for Measurement
of the Environment.
A large part
of the problem is selective publication — the nonreporting
of negative or
nonsignificant results — and the unwillingness
of researchers to share datasets, the authors write.
After an average follow - up time
of 43 months, 105 patients or 17 percent in the DEFER group and 109 or 18 percent in the standard treatment group met the primary endpoint, a composite
of death from any cause, hospitalization for heart failure, a second heart attack, and unplanned repeat angioplasty, a
nonsignificant difference.
The large majority
of the quartets including two domesticated horses, the Przewalski's horse, and the domestic donkey (Domesticated1, Domesticated2; Przewalski's, Donkey) were
nonsignificant.
The 26 % excess
of breast cancer is consistent with estimates from pooled epidemiological data, which reported a 15 % increase for estrogen plus progestin use for less than 5 years and a 53 % increase for use for more than 5 years.32 It is also consistent with the (
nonsignificant) 27 % increase found after 6.8 years
of follow - up in HERS.33
When combined with the HMGCR score, the CETP score was associated with the same reduction in LDL - C levels but an attenuated reduction in apoB levels and a corresponding attenuated
nonsignificant risk
of major cardiovascular events (OR, 0.985 [95 % CI, 0.955 - 1.015]-RRB-.
Kolmogorov — Smirnov test
of normality was
nonsignificant for all variables.
Hotelling's T2 test indicated a
nonsignificant (T2 = 1.7756, P > 0.05) difference between the study group vector and the reference population 50 % CI ellipse, confirming that the hydration
of FFM was normal, so the DXA results were not influenced by altered soft - tissue hydration (21, 22).
A meta - analysis
of 12 epidemiological studies involving more than 500,000 women (2000 plus with ovarian cancer) concluded that higher intake
of eggs was associated with a slightly higher risk
of ovarian cancer, albeit one they deem «
nonsignificant.»
The results showed a significantly higher insulin response and a
nonsignificant tendency toward a lower glycemic response after ingestion
of the chickpea bread (normal process).
Progressively increasing consumption
of whole grains was associated with lower depression incidence, but these relations became
nonsignificant in the fully adjusted model.
The corresponding correlation between age and number
of responses received was also positive but failed to achieve significance, r =.16, ns, and the correlations between age and participants» estimates
of the proportion
of responses that were favorable and unfavorable were
nonsignificant (p s =.10) and close to 0 (r s <.04).
In contrast to statistically
nonsignificant differences for the teachers within levels
of school effectiveness, these statistically significant differences among teachers across schools suggest that a teacher's preferred style
of interacting with students is a teaching dimension which is less well influenced by the practice
of others at the school level than other dimensions
of teaching being investigated in our study (e.g., time spent by students in independent reading, or degree
of home communication).
A
nonsignificant trend was present for years
of experience (p =.07).
The researchers
of this evaluation find that this large effect is driven by even larger significant, negative effects for students who started in earlier grades — first through third grades — and somewhat smaller
nonsignificant, negative effects for students who started in later grades: fourth through sixth.19
In addition, our semi-annual Regulatory Agenda — which provides information on our significant and
nonsignificant rulemakings — or our annual Regulatory Plan — which provides detailed information on some
of our most important rulemakings — may be accessed via http://reginfo.gov, which provides the Unified Agenda and Regulatory Plan for the Federal Government.
English economist John Maynard Keynes observed in The General Theory
of Employment, Interest, And Money that «[d] ay - to - day fluctuations in the profits
of existing investments, which are obviously
of an ephemeral and
nonsignificant character, tend to have an altogether excessive, and even an absurd, influence on the market.»
Nonsignificant P values (P > 0.05) for all models indicated there was no evidence
of poor fit and all models were therefore correctly specified.
Therefore those short term factors are what has affected the last ten years, causing the
nonsignificant apparent 10 year decrease in the magnitude
of the overall 30 year warming trend.
The
nonsignificant adjusted VE
of 9 % against A (H3N2) among persons aged ≥ 65 years is similar to the estimate in a recent interim report from Europe (6) and reinforces the need for continued advances in influenza vaccines, especially to increase protective benefits for older adults.»
A multivariate regression analysis
of the 5 outcomes showed that the joint effect
of the 10 outcomes was statistically
nonsignificant, X210 = 6.30, P >.70.
Percentage
of assertive prompts was significant when added to the model, and total prompts remained
nonsignificant (model 2).
The association is strongest at the low end
of the family income scale and becomes statistically
nonsignificant for wealthy families.39
To address the possible publication bias (ie, the fact that studies with
nonsignificant results are less likely to be published), we computed the fail - safe N (Nfs) according to the method Orwin16 proposed, which is more conservative than the traditional Rosenthal Nfs.17, 18 Orwin's Nfs determines the number
of additional studies in a meta - analysis yielding null effect sizes that would be needed to yield a «trivial» OR
of 1.05.
One randomized controlled trial comparing home - visited families with control participants who received other community services found a statistically significant difference in mean depressive symptoms at two years post-enrollment, but this contrast was
nonsignificant at three years post - enrollment.15 A second study
of Early Head Start found no differences in depressive symptoms between intervention and control group participants post-intervention, although a difference was detected at a longer - term follow - up prior to children's enrollment in kindergarten.10 Other randomized controlled trial studies have not found effects
of home visitation on maternal depressive symptoms.12, 16,17
Further, the pattern
of main effects
of HC use among wives not using HCs at relationship formation was inconsistent across studies 1 and 2 [in study 1, t (176) = − 3.11, P < 0.01; in study 2, t (79) = 3.01, P < 0.01] and
nonsignificant in the analysis that combined the data from the two studies [t (261) = − 0.53, NS].
When the mediational model was run, including both supervision and changing poverty status, the effect
of changing poverty level on psychiatric symptoms became
nonsignificant (β = 0.04; SE = 0.05; χ2 = 0.59; P =.44).
Fit indices used to evaluate the model included a χ2 goodness -
of - fit test (
nonsignificant values indicate good fits), the comparative fit index (scores
of > 0.95 indicate better fits), the root mean square error
of approximation (values
of < 0.05 indicate good fits), and the standardized root mean square residual (values
of < 0.08 indicate good fits).43, 44 Missing values were imputed through multiple imputation by using functions in the missing data library in S - Plus (Insightful Corp, Seattle, WA).45, 46 The combined data for the cross - lagged / survival model converged more quickly with 15 imputed data sets than did the model that used a likelihood - based approach to missing data.
Treatment effects were
nonsignificant for mothers reporting more than 28 incidents
of domestic violence over 15 years (21 %
of the entire sample
of mothers in treatment groups 1, 2, and 4, and 36.4 %
of those who had reported at least 1 domestic violence incident).
A mediational model9 requires that the significant effect
of the intervention on later psychopathology should become
nonsignificant once the putative mediator is entered into the model.
To the contrary, we found that for the women visited during pregnancy and their child's infancy, there was a small and
nonsignificant positive correlation between domestic violence and number
of prenatal and postnatal nurse visits (r = 0.13), indicating that the presence
of domestic violence was associated with slightly more, rather than fewer, nurse visits.
Analyses examining outcome
of disruptive behaviors were
nonsignificant.
Of the 16 predictors, only 6 were nonsignificant: young mother now, mother has no high school diploma, mother depressed, mother drank during pregnancy, mother feels ineffective, and father antisocial before end of high schoo
Of the 16 predictors, only 6 were
nonsignificant: young mother now, mother has no high school diploma, mother depressed, mother drank during pregnancy, mother feels ineffective, and father antisocial before end
of high schoo
of high school.
With the exception
of maternal postpartum depression, which falls just below significance, all variables that were significant remain significant and all those that were
nonsignificant remain
nonsignificant.
Although weakened, the beneficial effect
of breastfeeding remained significant after inclusion
of social class and education for the McCarthy GCI and the child PPVT - R at 4 years and the WISC - R Verbal and Full Scale IQs at 11 years (Table 3), confirming the results
of Lucas et al. 15 However, the inclusion
of two direct measures
of parental input, maternal IQ and the HOME score in the next step
of the regression, reduced the breastfeeding, social class, and educational influences to
nonsignificant levels.
Significant relations between breastfeeding and Woodcock Reading Achievement scores at 11 years were also reduced to
nonsignificant levels after the inclusion
of maternal IQ and the Home Observation for Measurement
of the Environment.
However, as none
of the predictors contribute significantly to mixed friendship quality, the model should be interpreted as
nonsignificant.
Finally, for LOT dispositional pessimism, there was a main effect
of age, F (1, 55) = 14.50, p <.001, partial η2 =.21, no effect
of regulation category, and a
nonsignificant trend for the interaction effect, F (1, 55) = 3.06, p =.09, partial η2 =.05.
On the STAI, we found a
nonsignificant trend for older adults to report lower levels
of trait anxiety (M = 34.76, SD = 9.63) in comparison to younger adults (M = 39.27, SD = 10.49), t (57) = 1.71, p =.09.
Research reviews have consistently reported a positive relationship across studies between the quality
of the therapeutic alliance and therapy outcome, although there are some instances where the working alliance fails to predict outcome or where associations are
nonsignificant [5 - 10].
The effect size indicating better adjustment
of joint - custody versus paternal custody children was statistically
nonsignificant, failing to support the hypothesis
of better adjustment for joint - custody children.
In contrast to the meta - analytic results, there are a number
of studies, including some newer work, from community and clinic samples that have reported inconsistent or
nonsignificant associations between victimization and depressive symptoms or major depressive episodes (Arias et al. 1997; Bargai et al. 2007; Cascardi et al. 1999; Chang et al. 2009; Reid et al. 2008).
All group differences were
nonsignificant at an alpha level
of 0.05 (χ ² and t - tests).
The addition
of the mediator reduced the size
of the direct effect but did not reduce the effect to a
nonsignificant value, suggesting partial mediation.