Sentences with phrase «of normal chromosome»

Not exact matches

These cells are sent to a reference lab and analyzed to determine which embryos have the normal 22 pairs of chromosomes (autosomes), as well as the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of the baby, for a total of 23 pairs.

Aneuploidy occurs when parts of chromosomes beyond the normal 46 are missing or added to a person's genetic material during cell division.

On the other hand, if the results are normal, you will know that there is no known chromosome disorder affecting your odds of a successful pregnancy.

The embryos with a normal number of chromosomes are selected from the group for transfer.

An embryo that contains a normal number of chromosomes is a «euploid» embryo.

Both mouse and human males typically die early from the mutation in Mecp2, because their Y chromosome does not supply a normal copy of the gene.

But the whiptails» egg cells first double their chromosomes twice and then divide twice, leaving them with the normal number of chromosomes and rendering a sperm cell unnecessary.

Some of the neochromosomes had three times as much DNA in them as the largest normal chromosomes.

Perhaps because it is normal for human embryos to contain cells with the wrong number of chromosomes, which can cause them to self - destruct.

Dr Paul Waters, an ARC fellow in the School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences at UNSW Australia, says that the X and Y chromosomes started their existence as normal autosomes (non-sex chromosomes) harbouring the same genes.

Women tend to be protected from diseases related to genes on the X because female cells randomly inactivate one of the X chromosomes, and that leaves some cells with a normal copy up and running.

It is unclear how the entire body is affected because Spector looked only at telomeres, nucleotides on the ends of chromosomes that slowly erode as cells copy themselves during normal aging.

Examples of chromosomes with extra links between chromatids, comparing with a normal chromosome (on the left).

For Dr. Christophe Dufresnes from the University of Lausanne, first author of the common study just published in Scientific Reports, this «suggests that the undifferentiated sex chromosomes in these tree frogs contribute more to the evolution of new species than other, normal chromosomes.»

They frequently find that in both types of disease the region of the «healthy» copy of chromosome 17 that should carry the normal copy of the BRCA1 gene is missing, leaving only one copy of the gene — the one with the cancer - causing mutation.

As a result of this careful debugging, yeast cells with the synthetic chromosomes grow just as quickly in the lab as normal, wild yeast, despite the wholesale alterations (Science, DOI: 10.1126 / science.aaf4557).

The best example of this occurs in what's called gene imprinting, where for example, females have two X chromosomes and one of those two X chromosomes must be inactivated in a cell in order for the cell's normal function.

For a decade, Mignot and his colleagues have scrutinized the dogs» dna, bit by bit, comparing it with that of normal littermates until, in 1998, they narrowed the defect down to a single chromosome.

Comparing the damaged sites in normal cells before and after infection with H. pylori revealed that genes located close to the margins of the chromosomes, the so - called sub-telomeric regions, are more likely to be damaged after infection, as are genes that are active in gastric cells.

The researchers next asked parents of three groups of children — Turner's females, normal females, and normal males, who get their single X chromosome from the mother — to rate their children's cognitive skills, such as awareness of other people's feelings and interpreting body language.

The findings suggest that Turner women who receive a copy of the X chromosome from the father (and normal women, who get a copy from each parent) are more adept at social skills, although it's unclear which genes might be at work.

The finding that normal fertilization can result in embryos containing cells with different parental sets of chromosomes is a new mechanism for chimerism, which was previously thought to occur only as the result of fertilization errors, for example, the fusion of multiple sperm or eggs to form an embryo.

The other marker is an aberrant pattern in the chromosomes; the DNA shows a greater number of abnormalities than normal, including DNA that is missing or moved.

He points out that in normal cell division, chromosomes line up near the center of the cell, where a structure called the spindle aligns two copies of each chromosome and helps to separate them.

This phenomenon almost never happened in sets of control cells that were pre-malignant but still had a normal chromosome number.

Because of these advantages, this third sex could reproductively outcompete normal females, the scientists say, possibly causing some populations to lose the female sex chromosome.

The scientists looked at a process known as meiosis, which unlike normal cell division (mitosis) has two rounds of nuclear division, to ensure that when sex cells fuse with each other, they have two copies of each chromosome — one from each parent!

Scientists discovered that a particular class of normal breast precursor cells have extremely short chromosome ends (known as telomeres).

Their studies revealed that a subset of normal breast precursor cells, called luminal progenitors, have dangerously short telomeres and display a correspondingly high level DNA damage response localized at their chromosome ends.

When researchers took a close look at the cells of Dolly, the cloned sheep, they found that her telomeres, the caps on the ends of the chromosomes, were shorter than normal.

But a recent report that her telomeres — the tips of chromosomes, which tend to shrink as cells grow older — are shorter than normal for her age suggests that her life span might be reduced.

Although the researchers only sequenced about 2 % of the mother's and fetus's genome, this was enough data to distinguish levels of chromosome 21 in mothers carrying a Down syndrome baby from those with a normal fetus as early as 14 weeks.

The reason has been a mystery, but some researchers suspect it has to do with one or more of the genes on chromosome 21, which people with Down syndrome have three copies of instead of the normal two.

Those differences were due to a distinct genetic change called aneuploidy, or having more than the normal number of DNA - packaging chromosomes.

An article by MIT Technology Review describes project «Boys Only,» in which Alison Van Eenennaam of the University of California aims to create a bull that will father only male offspring: either normal bull calves or ones with two X chromosomes but also the male - making SRY.

Cell type specific chromosome territory organization in the interphase nucleus of normal and cancer cells.

LA JOLLA, CA — Rapidly dividing cancer cells are skilled at patching up damage that would stop normal cells in their tracks, including wear and tear of telomeres, the protective caps at the end of each chromosome.

They discovered that extra chromosome 21 - a genetic state known as trisomy 21 - disturbs a key regulating gene called NRSF or REST, which in turn disturbs the cascade of other genes that control normal development at the embryonic stem cell stage.

Scientists have glimpsed the three - dimensional structure of a protein that protects the ends of human chromosomes, a function that is essential for normal cell division and survival.

Variations in the normal ploidy are referred to as aneuploidy (gain or loss of whole chromosomes) and polyploidy (gain of multiple sets of chromosomes).

In their analysis, the research team found that a process called compensatory uniparental disomy (UPD) was responsible for the complete replacement of the ring chromosome with a normal copy of chromosome 17.

These segments can get placed back at another spot in the chromosome and interrupt the normal flow of information.

Chromosome instability (CIN) is deleterious to normal cells because of the burden of aneuploidy.

This exhaustion of proliferative potential, called senescence, can be triggered when telomeres — the ends of linear chromosomes - can not fulfil their normal protective functions.

Swanton's new lab set out to identify specific genes that, when inhibited, result in the death of tumor cells that displayed aneuploidy, meaning they had more or less than the normal set of 46 chromosomes.

Unlike typical eukaryotic organisms, Tetrahymena has two nuclei — a micronucleus that contains normal chromosomes and a macronucleus whose chromosomes are fragmented into thousands of small pieces of DNA that all encode the same ribosomal RNA gene.

If the dog has not had her cycle by 30 months of age while the chromosomes are normal, the ovulation can be induced artificially by injecting follicle - stimulating hormone and chorionic gonadotropin.