Sentences with phrase «of nuclear genes»

Within this framework, we study how chloroplast genes and metabolic activities are regulated by the products of nuclear genes, usually acting at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level.

The mix of nuclear genes would come from the archaeal guest and later from the mitochondrion, which forfeited parts of its genome to the nucleus over time.

Mitochondrial fingerprinting is normally used when the genetic material in a sample is degraded, for while there are only two copies of each nuclear gene in a cell, there are often hundreds of copies of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA).

Target and Specificity of a Nuclear Gene Product That Participates in mRNA 3 ′ - End Formation in Chlamydomonas Chloroplasts

Not exact matches

The OAR proposal uses a variation of therapeutic cloning called altered nuclear transfer (ANT) in which the nucleus of a donor cell (a skin cell, for example), containing the 30,000 genes of the genetic code, is altered in such a way that it produces an epigenetic factor, a protein called nanog.

And the same is going to be true now as public interest shifts from nuclear physics to molecular biology, from the splitting of atoms to the splicing of genes.

This study found that the interaction between these genomes and the implications on energy production is strong enough that the mitochondrial genome can alter which version of a gene is present in the nuclear genome.

All animal cells are made up of two genomes, the nuclear genome with 10,000 s of protein coding genes and the mitochondrial genome with 13 protein - encoding genes.

Using Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus), the researchers examined whether mitochondrial - nuclear interactions alter the frequency of alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation, called alleles, for over 11,000 nuclear DNA sequence variations within a population of the fish with mixed ancestry.

Most of the commonly occurring cancers, notably breast, prostate, and lung cancer, spread (metastasize) to bone; I was set to the task of studying the role of a transcription factor (gene - expression regulator), NF B (nuclear factor kappa B), in cancer metastasis.

Besides the low efficiency of cloning — just 1.7 per cent of embryos came to term — another challenge to creating transgenic dogs is controlling where in the nuclear DNA a foreign gene lands.

These new piRNAs bind to a nuclear PIWI protein to repress the expression of the jumping gene in the nucleus.

Pääbo is seeking evidence of early gene swapping by trying to get nuclear DNA from the HST Neandertal and others.

Research coordinated by Osaka University has now shown that the nuclear protein complex cohesin must be expressed at sufficient levels in the early mouse brain to control gene regulation and allow development of healthy neuronal networks and behavioral characteristics.

Nuclear reprogramming describes a switch in gene expression of one kind of cell to that of another unrelated cell type.

Subsequent procedures included mammalian somatic cell nuclear transfer, cell fusion, induction of pluripotency by ectopic gene expression, and direct reprogramming.

The researchers compared thousands of genes in the rattlesnakes» nuclear DNA to study genomic differentiation between the two lineages.

For example, nuclear factor - kappa B (NF - kB) is a complex of proteins that acts as a master switch for turning inflammation genes on and for controlling cell death.

Working with cultures of respiratory tract cells, Elias's team found that the gene that codes for il - 6 is inactive unless a protein known as nf - kb (nuclear factor - kappa beta) attaches to the gene.

The nuclear pores thus create an environment conducive to the efficient production of gene copies.

At the same time, coauthor Peter Adams, from the University of Glasgow, published a previous study on the breakdown of the nuclear lamina in which he observed a peculiar protrusion, or blebbing, of the nuclear envelope into the cytoplasm, and these blebs contained DNA, nuclear lamina proteins, and chromatin (the nuclear structures in which genes reside).

The team knocked out the gene for a protein called nuclear receptor corepressor 1 (NCoR1) in the muscles of mice.

Rather than despairing that combinatorial interactions of diets, nuclear genes, and mitochondrial genes make the underlying biology of aging intractably complex, Rand and lead author Chen - Tseh Zhu said studies that explicitly embrace such multifactorial interactions can lead researchers to understand the inherent biological complexity of the aging process: Many genes, many cells, and many environments all contribute to the aging process.

They sequenced the entire nuclear genome of this species, and identified all of the genes within that genome that code for biological functions.

Plants perform these regulations mainly by regulating nuclear gene expression and multiple intracellular signaling pathways have been shown to play a role in the genomic response of plants to stress, but the processes are not well understood.

Results for different genomic partitions, methods, and data types are consistent with or contradict clades in our TENT ExaML, TENT MP - EST *, and exon - only trees and previous studies of morphology (15), DNA - DNA hybridization (24), mitochondrial genes (14), and nuclear genes (17).

Multiple nuclear genes and retroposons support vicariance and dispersal of the palaeognaths, and an Early Cretaceous origin of modern birds

The goal of the NIH program, as described on its website, is «to understand the principles behind the three - dimensional organization of the nucleus in space and time (the fourth dimension), the role nuclear organization plays in gene expression and cellular function, and how changes in the nuclear organization affect normal development as well as various diseases.»

Additionally, the scientists analyzed nuclear RNA, a measure of the activity of specific genes.

The team then used their best transplastomic tobacco plant line to introduce an additional set of genes into its nuclear genome, generating the COSTREL lines.

Researchers from the University of Seville at the Andalusian Centre for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa — Cabimer) have discovered that in eukaryotic cells the proximity of the genes to the nuclear pores, which are found in the nuclear membrane, contributes to maintaining the integrity of the genome.

The proximity and anchoring of the genes to the nuclear pores during transcription has been known of for more than a decade.

To further explore nuclear transport's role in Huntington's disease, Grima took lab - grown mouse neurons and used chemical switches to a) turn on both an additional healthy copy of the RanGAP1 gene and a mutant version of Huntingtin; b) just turn on the mutant Huntingtin; or c) just turn on a healthy version of Huntingtin.

Genome - wide association analysis comparing affected and unaffected PWC with the SOD1 mutation identified a haplotype within the gene «SP110 nuclear body protein'that was associated with increased risk of developing DM and early age of onset.

From one collection of mutations of protein coding genes, they identified the nuclear components Mlp1 and Mlp2 of the macrocomplex that form the nuclear pores, preserved in all the eukaryotes, including the human ones.

Or consider the nuclear genes of the cells of advanced organisms (eukaryotes): At some early point in their evolution, these cells gained the help of the genes of a parasite or symbiont that became the mitochondrion, an organelle necessary for energy production.

They sequenced 10 nuclear genes from 89 modern species of cichlids and 69 other fish to come up with dates when cichlids diverged from their fishy relatives.

They later showed that RORA, a nuclear hormone receptor that functions as a transcription factor, can potentially regulate the transcription of more than 2,500 genes, including over 400 genes already associated with autism.

The thread to follow here is that the invention of nuclear transfer technology — the means to move genes between cells and also backward in time — started the countdown to human reproductive cloning.

A second paper in the same issue of Science describes the nuclear genes, thanks to work by more than 75 researchers.

The Finnish researchers had used a set of «gene wrenches» called RNAi molecules, to turn off genes of interest, and with these additional experiments the researchers identified tracks leading to a nuclear protein and gene controller protein called SRF.

Originally, however, they were not examining brown fat thermogenesis, but instead were looking for clues to the function of ERRβ, a protein about which little was known at the time, except that it was closely related to ERRα, appeared in brown fat cells, and also worked as a so - called nuclear receptor — a molecular switch for gene activation that can be turned on by small lipophilic molecules or a signaling protein partner.

They then amplified and sequenced two nuclear and three mitochondrial genes from each tissue, amounting to nearly 5,000 base pairs of DNA, from over 120 individuals.

The study focused on a small subset of nuclear receptors, a large family of proteins that regulate gene expression in response to signals from various binding partners, including steroids and fats.

Much of what they sequenced turned out to be microbial contaminants, as expected, but 6 percent was cave bear nuclear DNA, including bits of 21 genes.

But Mitalipov points out that only 37 mitochondrial genes would be replaced; the 25,000 nuclear genes that make up an embryo's DNA and define all of a person's external traits would remain unchanged.

The branch uniting the fungi and animals is well - supported based on a number of molecular phylogenetic datasets, including the nuclear small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (Wainwright et al., 1993; Bruns et al. 1993), unique and shared sequence insertions in proteins such as elongation factor 1α (Baldauf and Palmer, 1993), entire mitochondrial genomes (Lang et al., 2002), and concatenated protein - coding genes (Steenkamp et al., 2006).

When the research team used pharmaceuticals to inhibit one function of the endoplasmic reticulum (the building of so - called lipoprotein particles that will export fats out of the cell), the gene activation process was inhibited for many key genes and nuclear ruffling was also altered.

Synonymous and nonsynonymous rate variation in nuclear genes of mammals.

Regulated expression of a gene encoding a nuclear factor, IRF - 1, that specifically binds to IFN - β gene regulatory elements.