That experiment has shaken the comfortable world of nuclear physics, by producing what seems to be an entirely new
form of nuclear matter.
These dense
balls of nuclear matter, some 20 kilometers across, are the mortal remains of once - massive giant stars that ended their brief lives in titanic supernova explosions.
High - speed collisions that heat and compress it can give rise to new
phases of nuclear matter: a vapor and perhaps a solid and a plasma
(The nation's last collider, the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory in Upton, New York, studies an exotic
type of nuclear matter called a quark - gluon plasma.)
According to theory, the core of a dying giant star collapses into a small, solid
ball of nuclear matter, and the crash of the outer layers onto the core's surface creates a shock wave that blows the star into smithereens.
The theory work, described in a paper recently published as an Editor's Suggestion in Physical Review Letters (PRL), identifies key patterns that would be proof of the existence of a so - called «critical point» in the transition among different
phases of nuclear matter.