Sentences with phrase «of observational biases»

Progress in the longer term depends on identifying and correcting model biases, accumulating as complete a set of historic observations as possible, and developing improved methods of detection and correction of observational biases.»

Nevertheless, the nodal distances mainly depend on the size and shape of the orbit, parameters which are relatively free of observational bias.

Not exact matches

Another possibility is that they have seen only a fraction of all the satellites associated with the Milky Way due to various observational biases.

Now, however, two astronomers from the Complutense University of Madrid have applied a new technique, less exposed to observational bias, to study a special type of trans - Neptunian objects: the extreme ones (ETNOs, located at average distances greater than 150 AU and that never cross Neptune's orbit).

Although reanalysis of the available evidence is important, the ability to properly control for bias and confounding [factors that can influence outcomes] in observational studies is often limited, and without randomized controlled trials specifically designed to test the hypothesis, the issue of nonspecific effects of vaccines may remain subject to continuing debate.»

We estimate that ~ 35 % of KOIs are false positives due to contamination, when performing a first - order correction for observational bias.

Also, the spectra did not show any signs of binarity or artefacts, so although these three superflare stars with low S index are hard to explain with any of the proposed scenarios, we do not find any observational bias that can remove them from the sample population.

The most accepted theory establishes that the orbits of these objects, which travel beyond Neptune, should be distributed randomly, and by an observational bias, their paths must fulfil a series of characteristics: have a semi-major axis with a value close to 150 AU (astronomical units or times the distance between the Earth and the Sun), an inclination of almost 0 ° and an argument or angle of perihelion (closest point of the orbit to our Sun) also close to 0 ° or 180 °.

We have chosen the PEBO as an example because 1) it is a topic that is amenable to conducting randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and thus, there are not insurmountable barriers to moving beyond observational evidence, and 2) it seems like a less politically charged topic than the topics of some previous publications on biased reporting [eg, sugar - sweetened beverages (2, 3) and breastfeeding (4)-RSB- to better facilitate the discussion of extrascientific factors that affect the fidelity of research reporting.

When performed properly, they allow the least amount of bias and demonstrate causation — unlike lesser - quality study approaches, such as observational studies or case - control studies.

Observational studies have a high risk of bias owing to problems such as self - selection of interventions (people who believe in the benefits of meditation or who have prior experience with meditation are more likely to enroll in a meditation program and report that they benefited from one) and use of outcome measures that can be easily biased by participants» beliefs in the benefits of meditation.

Not only does it use a small sample size, but it is a non-randomized, non-blinded, prospective observational study that may also be confounded by selection bias — in other words, the subjects may not be representative of the population of individuals with IBD.

The results in Table 10 support the notion that the observational study design does a good job of controlling for selection bias in the evaluation of charter effects (or that there is not much selection bias in the first place).

In the program evaluation literature, this is known as selection bias, and it makes it very hard to infer the impact of a particular program or policy from observational data.

Because value - added measures adjust for the characteristics of students in a given classroom, they are less biased measures of teacher performance than are unadjusted test score measures, and they may be less biased even than some observational measures.

Researchers concluded that because districts «do not have processes in place to address the possible biases in observational scores,» statistical adjustments might be made to offset said bias, as might external observers / raters be brought in to yield more «objective» observational assessments of teachers.

She designed simulations (2) and (3) to illustrate the plausibility of the situation suggested next (as written into Audrey's post prior) about potential bias in both value - added and observational estimates:

However, researchers found that observational bias also exists, as akin to value - added bias, whereas teachers who are non-randomly assigned students who enter their classrooms with higher levels of prior achievement tend to get higher observational scores than teachers non-randomly assigned students entering their classrooms with lower levels of prior achievement.

She used R (i.e., a free software environment for statistical computing and graphics) to simulate correlation scatterplots (see Figures below) to illustrate three unique situations: (1) a simulation where there are two indicators (e.g., teacher value - added and observational estimates plotted on the x and y axes) that have a correlation of r = 0.28 (the highest correlation coefficient at issue in the aforementioned post); (2) a simulation exploring the impact of negative bias and a moderate correlation on a group of teachers; and (3) another simulation with two indicators that have a non-linear relationship possibly induced or caused by bias.

This is true not only for stability, but also for issues of bias (another claim commonly leveled against VAMs that may well apply to observational and student survey measures).

At the time, we reported that this would certainly be taken into account in revisions of data set as more data was processed and better classifications of the various observational biases occurred.

In short, irrespective of what observational dataset was used — it's likely that an estimate of forced response made in 2014 would be biased cold, which on its own would translate to an overestimate of the available budget of about 40GtC.

Although I've not been able to find enough to get a broad view of the Arctic, and some data such as Buoys suffers from an observational bias — more substantial floes of ice are chose for the placement of buoys.

As they point out, «In reality, however, observational coverage varies over time, observations are themselves prone to bias, either instrumental or through not being representative of their wider surroundings, and these observational biases can change over time.

IN this case, Judith's explains her own «bias» (what could be fairer that that) thusly: «my reasoning is weighted heavily in favor of observational evidence and understanding of natural internal variability of the climate system, whereas the IPCC's reasoning is weighted heavily in favor of climate model simulations and external forcing of climate change.»

This reminds me of the time I mixed uncorrected radiocarbon dates with corrected ones, and got a bit skewed distribution of volcanic events, though I tried to correct for observational bias on earlier and smaller eruptions.

Accounting for the considerable disagreement among satellite - era observational datasets on the distribution of snow water equivalent, CanESM2 has too much springtime snow cover over the Canadian land mass, reflecting a broader Northern Hemisphere positive bias.

The experts you selectively quote say» it is not clear whether the difference is a result of common biases in GCMs, biases in observational datasets, or both», whereas you make your own conclusion and suggest that the radiosonde are correct and everything else is wrong.

As a result, the study would provide little evidence that historical period observational estimates of ECS have been biased low in relation to effective climate sensitivity.

Po Chedley say: «The apparent model - observational difference for tropical upper tropospheric warming represents an important problem, but it is not clear whether the difference is a result of common biases in GCMs, biases in observational datasets, or both.»

Finally, unlike precipitation, for which long and reliable historical records exist in some parts of the world, records for other aspects of weather are too short to detect trends or contain observational biases that render trends meaningless.

The third paragraph states, «One source of bias - due to poor observational coverage - has been discussed in our recent paper, although it was reported back in 2009, and it was addressed by NASA as long ago as 1987.»

In order to reliably interpret surface temperature variations we need a good idea of all the causal factors, including El Niño, solar irradiance, volcanic eruptions, observational biases, changes in ocean circulation and possible long term oscillations.

One source of bias - due to poor observational coverage - has been discussed in our recent paper, although it was reported back in 2009, and it was addressed by NASA as long ago as 1987.

The bias in the other versions of the global temperature record due to change in observational platforms can be estimated from the difference between the raw and adjusted HadSST3 data, and is shown in Figure 2.

On the other hand, the results would be founded in observational facts and data, and would not be nearly as subject to the whims and biases of an agendized clique of climate modelers whose basic starting point is, and always will be, «Nothing else but C02 explains it.»

The scenario encapsulates so much BS from assumptions, ignorance of observational trends, rational action on big and apparent dangers, and then there is the data sets, the models, the potential for bias, did I mention the assumptions.

... But by placing the null hypothesis in a priviledged position from which it can only be dislodged by a mountain of observational evidence, this approach provides a strong inbuilt bias for the status quo which can not be justified on any rational decision - theoretic grounds.»

• These results could arise due to errors common to all models; to significant non-climatic influences remaining within some or all of the observational data sets, leading to biased long - term trend estimates; or a combination of these factors.

Previous studies found large biases between individual observational and model estimates of historical ocean anthropogenic carbon uptake.

An understudied yet crucial source of measurement variance within observational tools is whether the «gold standard» ratings that account for whether a trained rater passes certification of reliability has cultural biases that would unfairly privilege some groups of people with certain cultural vantage points over others.

However, the significant correlation obtained between maternal and paternal supportive strategies displayed during the Picture - book Task could indicate a bias of the observational design by inhibiting fathers» spontaneous behaviors.

[jounal] Floyd, F. J. / 1983 / Observational biases in spouse observation: Toward a cognitive / behavioral model of marriage / Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 51 (3): 450 ~ 457