Climate change: Conflict
of observational science, theory, and politics (AAPG Bulletin, Vol.
-- Climate change: Conflict
of observational science, theory, and politics: Reply (AAPG Bulletin, v. 90, no. 3, p. 409 - 412, March 2006)-- Lee C. Gerhard
And I'd have to say that if I have to save my life by winning an argument with oil men in a bar in Midland, Tex., on this topic, I would go in with some lumps of black mudstone from the ancient rock record, I'd go in with the established figures on our present input of carbon dioxide, and I'd say which bit
of this observational science do you guys quarrel with, and why?
None of the above should be taken as trying to diminish the work of Farman and colleagues whose «old school» brand
of observational science certainly paid off, but a result is far more powerful when seen in multiple independent records.
This type of dating is not derived from empirical evidence but merely an interpretation
of observational science.
Find oil falls under the category
of observational science, something evolutionist and creationists agree on.
Not exact matches
That's just honest
observational science either evolutionist or creationist can determine from the same data... or lack
of / inaccurate as it may be.
Now, there was no new information added in my DNA, it simply got mutated... according to
observational science, we do not get NEW dna... what's happening is simply a shuffling
of the genes that are already there.
«Both creation and evolution are outside the domain
of «
observational science» and thus neither is provable.
The decision to look on a given statement as primarily theoretical or primarily
observational is relative, pragmatic, and context - dependent, as Mary Hesse contends.7 The emphasis may shift with the advance
of science and the immediate purposes
of enquiry.
The very intellectual weakness
of keeping
science at arm's length invites the dominant dualistic mindset to interpret scientific as well as other
observational data in a reductive manner, which leads to nominalism.
Just as it is important, in order to do justice to the praxis
of reason operative in the empirical
sciences, to complement their
observational and explanatory heuristics with hermeneutical and historical analyses, so it is important, in order to do justice to the praxis
of reason operative in hermeneutics and historical reconstructions, to complement their interpretive and reconstructive heuristics with dialectics (BOR 150ff, TW 117ff.).
The biblical understanding
of creation supports the empirical,
observational aspect
of science, but the Christian evaluation
of the rational component seems more ambiguous.
In British thought there has been a strong empiricist tradition, going back to Bacon, Hume, and Mill, which has emphasized the
observational side
of science.
The Ghana Space
Science and Technology Centre (GSSTC) and Ghana Space Agency (GhsA) oversees the space exploration and space programmes
of Ghana and GSSTC and GhsA officials are to have a national security
observational satellite launched into orbit in 2015.
«But Comet ISON was found when it was far from the sun, six times Earth's distance, so we've had a lot
of time to do
observational planning,» says Jian - Yang Li
of the Planetary
Science Institute in Tucson, Ariz..
Ronan also understands the true fascination
of astronomy — the archetypal
observational science.
«We overcame this challenge by trying to push the
observational science to the highest resolutions, allowing us to more readily compare observations across datasets,» said Nicholas Schmerr, the study's co-author and an assistant research scientist in geology at the University
of Maryland.
One
of the challenges in
observational science is sorting out what leads people to behave in the way they do.»
In the 1980s physicist Mordehai Milgrom
of the Weizmann Institute
of Science in Rehovot, Israel, proposed a modification to Newtonian dynamics that would explain many
of the
observational discrepancies without requiring significant mass to be hidden away in dark matter.
In this new research, PubMed and Web
of Science databases were searched for
observational studies published from January 1966 through November 11, 2015.
The joint research team led by graduate student and JSPS fellow Takuma Izumi at the Graduate School
of Science at the University
of Tokyo revealed for the first time — with
observational data collected by ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter / submillimeter Array), in Chile, and other telescopes — that dense molecular gas disks occupying regions as large as a few light years at the centers
of galaxies are supplying gas directly to the supermassive black holes.
Published March 29 in the journal
Science, the largest - ever
observational study
of undergraduate STEM education monitored nearly 550 faculty as they taught more than 700 courses at 25 institutions across the United States and Canada.
In a defining document about the future
of aerosol research, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory scientist Steve Ghan teamed with Brookhaven National Laboratory's Steve Schwartz, Chief Scientist for the Department
of Energy's Atmospheric
Science Program, to describe a disciplined process for successfully moving aerosol research from the
observational stage to model simulations.
«The key thing to take away from this third, highly confident event is that we're really moving from novelty to new
observational science — a new astronomy
of gravitational waves,» David Shoemaker, a spokesperson for the LIGO Scientific Collaboration (LSC) told BBC News.
To meet this societal need, the world climate research community is challenged by underlying
science questions and the quality and coverage
of the
observational data that are used to monitor and understand extremes.
Observational evidence for an active surface reservoir
of solid carbon dioxide on Mars M. C. Malin, M. A. Caplinger, and S. D. Davis
Science 294, 2146 — 2148, doi: 10.1126 / science.1066416, 7 Decembe
Science 294, 2146 — 2148, doi: 10.1126 /
science.1066416, 7 Decembe
science.1066416, 7 December 2001.
South African Astronomical Observatory — A list
of Virtual Observatory - compatible applications, tools and data archives to do
science — online data archives, data discovery, analysis, and plotting tools Mitaka 4 - dimensional digital universe — Software to visualize the known Universe with up - to - date
observational data and theoretical models, by National Astronomical Observatory
of Japan (NAOJ)[With Mutiple Language Support] SAO / NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)-- A Digital Library portal for researchers in Astronomy and Physics Virtual Astronomical Observatory (VAO)-- electronic integration
of astronomy data, tools, and services to the global community SkyView — A Virtual Observatory on the Net generating images
of any part
of the sky at wavelengths in all regimes from Radio to Gamma - Ray.
The ARM Aerosol Measurement
Science Group (AMSG) coordinates ARM Climate Research Facility observations of aerosols and atmospheric trace gases with user needs to ensure advanced, well - characterized observational measurements and data products — at the spatial and temporal scales necessary — for improving climate science and model for
Science Group (AMSG) coordinates ARM Climate Research Facility observations
of aerosols and atmospheric trace gases with user needs to ensure advanced, well - characterized
observational measurements and data products — at the spatial and temporal scales necessary — for improving climate
science and model for
science and model forecasts.
We not only can not be sure
of the unwritten past, but we've left
observational science behind.
His current research centers on the development
of methods that support rigorous and efficient
observational, quasi-experimental and experimental designs in education and social
sciences with a specific focus on multilevel structures such as those commonly seen in schooling (e.g., students nested within schools).
I am frequently asked to write on the variety
of topics associated to Astronomy such as
Observational astronomy, Radio astronomy, Infrared astronomy, Optical astronomy, Ultraviolet astronomy, X-ray astronomy, Gamma - ray astronomy, Astrometry and celestial mechanics, Theoretical astronomy, Solar astronomy, Planetary
science, Stellar astronomy and many others.
Being one
of the oldest branches
of natural
science, astronomy is diversified into celestial navigation astrometry,
observational astronomy, and calendar - making, but professionals working in this field consider it to be a synonym for astrophysics.
Mike's work, like that
of previous award winners, is diverse, and includes pioneering and highly cited work in time series analysis (an elegant use
of Thomson's multitaper spectral analysis approach to detect spatiotemporal oscillations in the climate record and methods for smoothing temporal data), decadal climate variability (the term «Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation» or «AMO» was coined by Mike in an interview with
Science's Richard Kerr about a paper he had published with Tom Delworth
of GFDL showing evidence in both climate model simulations and
observational data for a 50 - 70 year oscillation in the climate system; significantly Mike also published work with Kerry Emanuel in 2006 showing that the AMO concept has been overstated as regards its role in 20th century tropical Atlantic SST changes, a finding recently reaffirmed by a study published in Nature), in showing how changes in radiative forcing from volcanoes can affect ENSO, in examining the role
of solar variations in explaining the pattern
of the Medieval Climate Anomaly and Little Ice Age, the relationship between the climate changes
of past centuries and phenomena such as Atlantic tropical cyclones and global sea level, and even a bit
of work in atmospheric chemistry (an analysis
of beryllium - 7 measurements).
Since we can not do controlled experiments, climate
science is an
OBSERVATIONAL science we can't put the climate in a beaker, we can only look at past temperatures and past forcings to CONSTRAIN our estimate
of sensitivity.
Patrick Brown and Ken Caldeira
of the Carnegie Institution for
Science say incorporating
observational data
of «Earth's top -
of - atmosphere energy budget» shows the «warming projection for the end
of the twenty - first century for the steepest radiative forcing scenario is about 15 per cent warmer (+0.5 degrees Celsius)... relative to the raw model projections reported by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.»
As the relatively new
science of climate dynamics evolved through the 1980s and 1990s, it became quite clear from
observational data, both instrumental and paleoclimatic, as well as model studies that Earth's climate never was and is unlikely to ever be in equilibrium.
As a HubTelescope from many Moons ago myself, I am surprised at how out
of touch this person is with the current
observational climate
science.
Anybody with an education in the
sciences can tell when a credentialed charlatan is violating scientific method, «cherry - picking» data, manipulating computer simulations (climate models) to «draw the curve, then plot the points,» concealing his raw
observational data sets from properly skeptical examiners, corrupting academic peer review (both to suppress the publication
of colleagues» studies casting doubt upon the reviewing officers» pet hypotheses and to ensure that the submissions
of «The Team» do not suffer impediments to publication), and concerting all these violations
of professional ethical standards by way
of back - room confabs and some
of the most incredibly stupid e-mails this side
of Enron's «Smartest Guys in the Room.»
It is astounding that dangerous man - made global warming fanatics like Obama and Prince Charles, in addition to all those climate change charlatans at various academies
of science such as The Royal Society, prefer to ignore real word
observational data on climate and solar activity, in favour
of psuedo -
science and climate models that consistently have failed in their scenarios and projections.
The Goddard Institute
of Space
Science (GISS) global surface temperature anomaly time series is based on observations from publicly available
observational data sets rather than models.
«The
science of climate change continues to evolve and regardless
of the outcome
of the climate debate,
observational data suggests that we may be served well by basing our climate agenda, scientifically and economically, on a broader perspective than that in the IPCC outline...
I think not enough emphasis is placed on the experimental and
observational efforts in climate
science, and often, observations are too immediately linked to what I call climatological conclusions without sufficient attention to the underpinnings
of such long term projections.
From gathering
observational data and subjecting it to quality control, to analyzing the structure
of the data and constructing models to explain it, statistics is used throughout climate
science.
Interesting that someone that claims that ``... Cosmic rays influence our weather...» doesn't understand that the
science of whether or not GCR's have any impact is actually the thing in question, with only very limited
observational support for the idea so far and good reasons for why it is unlikely to be a big factor.
Nick, yes to 1 and 2, leta not forget 3; where Karl is charged with deliberately manipulating data to spit out a very well timed lump
of garbage and parade it around as
observational science.
My final point here is that I am 100 % in favor
of this approach (not just in this field, but in
observational science generally), and am in fact convinced that only via systematically conducteed simulations
of realistic tree ring data sets can methodological problems be identified (and potentially corrected).
Yes, Joe, Nicholas Lewis has discovered in climate
science what I first encountered in space
science in 1972 — manipulation
of observational data in order to promote a particular point
of view.
In physical
sciences, where an OLS regression model with normally distributed errors is validly used to estimate a slope parameter between two variables with
observational data, errors in the regressor variable contributing a small part
of the total uncertainty, it is usual to accept the uniform prior in the slope parameter (here Y) implied by the regression model.
In the Working Group 1: The Physical
Science Basis Report
of AR4 («AR4: WG1»), various studies deriving estimates
of equilibrium climate sensitivity from
observational data are cited, and a comparison
of the results
of many
of these studies is shown in Figure 9.20, reproduced below.