Does the onset
of ocean anoxia at the end of many of these events suggest a possibility of cycle where the collapse of one civilization provides the seeds (fossil fuels) for the next?
But with atmospheric carbon climbing at an annual rate of 2 ppm and expected to accelerate to 3 ppm, levels could approach 900 ppm by the end of the next century, and conditions that bring about the beginnings
of ocean anoxia may be in place.
They were able to show that episodes of extinction coincided with pulses
of ocean anoxia, driven by changes in ocean circulation and nutrient levels.
In particular, the team wanted to see if separate episodes of extinction that happened during the long period of recovery were driven by episodes
of ocean anoxia and other environmental changes.
Not exact matches
Previous studies demonstrated that the loss
of dissolved oxygen in Earth's
oceans, an effect called «marine
anoxia,» played an important role in the mass extinction event.
By studying the variations
of uranium isotopes recorded in carbonates, the team was able to infer global
anoxia occurring throughout the
ocean using samples from a single outcrop.
The model also shows that the presence
of seafloor
anoxia, as suggested by black - shale deposition in the proto - North Atlantic
Ocean before the event, might be the result
of the silled shape and lack
of deep - water formation
of this basin at the Late Cretaceous.
Overall our model - data comparison shows that OAE2
anoxia was quasi-global spreading from 5 %
of the
ocean volume before the event to at least 50 % during OAE2.
Some odd things are also going on with relation to large areas
of spreading
ocean anoxia — with the two most likely culprits being
ocean warming and / or nutrient loading (global industrial fertilizer production).
Pauly told IPS that the recently documented rises in
ocean acidity and
anoxia levels in many parts
of the
ocean were not part
of this study but will be part
of future reports.
Hence CO2 ramped up ever faster in the atmosphere, further accelerating warming, until you have the same symptoms
of a global - warming - mass - extinction like the end Triassic or even Permian (
ocean acidification, jump in global temperatures,
ocean anoxia, etc).
It also appears that there are decreasing rates
of bottom water formation; that means that oxygen input to the deep
ocean is probably decreasing... is it possible that we could be pushing the global
oceans towards a state where bottom water
anoxia is much more prevalent?
Extreme events
of ocean oxygen depletion leading to
anoxia are thought to be prime candidates for explaining some
of the large extinction events in Earth history including the largest such event at the end
of the Permian 250 million years ago.
For more than 25 years,
ocean anoxia has been invoked a major cause
of the Late Permian mass extinction event, and it is also inferred to have been a key control on the patterns and duration
of biosphere recovery.
The model - data reconstructions show that the spread
of anoxia that both events experienced, mainly resulted from an enhancement in
ocean nutrient level (4 and 2 times for OAE 1a and OAE 2 respectively).