There is still debate over what kind
of ocean circulation change causes the change in heat transport.
This thesis presents the results of several general circulation model simulations aimed at studying the effect
of ocean circulation changes when they occur in conjunction with increased atmospheric trace gas concentrations.
Not exact matches
The foundation
of the research involved tracking the
changes in
ocean circulation in new detail by studying three sediment cores extracted from the seafloor
of the Gulf
of Mexico in 2010 during a scientific cruise.
That wind - driven
circulation change leads to cooler
ocean temperatures on the surface
of the eastern Pacific, and more heat being mixed in and stored in the western Pacific down to about 300 meters (984 feet) deep, said England.
This trade wind strengthening, which occurs during a the negative phase
of a phenomenon called the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (also known as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation), pushes warm water westward and and
changes Pacific
Ocean circulation.
Looking at shifts in Manley's winter temperatures from year to year, he says, gives a good reading
of important natural cycles that influence climate, such as
changes in
ocean circulation like the North Atlantic Oscillation.
These large Northern Hemisphere cooling events have previously been linked to a
change in the Atlantic
Ocean circulation that led to a reduced transport
of warm water to the high latitudes in the North.
Changes in polar vortex winds high in the stratosphere can alter the global conveyor belt
of ocean circulation.
Greatly improved computer models began to suggest how such jumps could happen, for example through a
change in the
circulation of ocean currents.
Ongoing
changes in
ocean circulation patterns, which are helping to drive warm water from other parts
of the sea closer to the Antarctic continent, are also believed to be a major factor.
«We argue that it was the establishment
of the modern deep
ocean circulation — the
ocean conveyor — about 2.7 million years ago, and not a major
change in carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere that triggered an expansion
of the ice sheets in the northern hemisphere,» says Stella Woodard, lead author and a post-doctoral researcher in the Department
of Marine and Coastal Sciences.
Gross says that the most important processes affecting day length are
changes in the weather, especially unusual variations in the strength and direction
of the winds, which bring on alterations in the global
circulation of the atmosphere and
ocean.
But within these long periods there have been abrupt climate
changes, sometimes happening in the space
of just a few decades, with variations
of up to 10ºC in the average temperature in the polar regions caused by
changes in the Atlantic
ocean circulation.
Climate
changes that began ~ 17,700 years ago included a sudden poleward shift in westerly winds encircling Antarctica with corresponding
changes in sea ice extent,
ocean circulation, and ventilation
of the deep
ocean.
It takes centuries for that heat to work its way into the deeper
ocean,
changing the
circulation and removing the sea ice, which is a big part
of this process,» he said.
«These conditions will cause
changes in phytoplankton growth and
ocean circulation around Antarctica, with the net effect
of transferring nutrients from the upper
ocean to the deep
ocean,» said lead author J. Keith Moore, UCI professor
of Earth system science.
Retreating sea ice in the Iceland and Greenland Seas may be
changing the
circulation of warm and cold water in the Atlantic
Ocean, and could ultimately impact the climate in Europe, says a new study by an atmospheric physicist from the University
of Toronto Mississauga (UTM) and his colleagues in Great Britain, Norway and the United States.
He believes that no one has thought
of combining the two theories before because it's not an intuitive idea to look at how the effects
of changing patterns
of ocean circulation, which occur on time scales
of thousands
of years, would effect global silicate weathering, which in turn controls global climate on time scales
of 100s
of thousands
of years.
The second theory focuses on dramatic
changes in the patterns
of ocean circulation.
«Formation
of coastal sea ice in North Pacific drives
ocean circulation, climate: New understanding
of changes in North Pacific
ocean circulation over the past 1.2 million years could lead to better global climate models.»
The deepening
of the Drake Passage resulted in a
change in
ocean circulation that resulted in warm waters being directed northwards in
circulation patterns like those found in the Gulf Stream that currently warms northwestern Europe.
And what we see is both how complex climate
changes can be and how profound an effect
changing patterns
of ocean circulation can have on global climate states, if looked at on a geological time scale.»
James Kennett
of the University
of California at Santa Barbara adds that salinity
changes might have had a greater influence on the
circulation of Eocene
oceans than on that
of today's
oceans.
In the North Atlantic, more heat has been retained at deep levels as a result
of changes to both the
ocean and atmospheric
circulations, which have led to the winter atmosphere extracting less heat from the
ocean.
Its measurements
of ocean saltiness will also help scientists understand how
changes in salinity affect the deep currents that drive
ocean circulation.
They were able to show that episodes
of extinction coincided with pulses
of ocean anoxia, driven by
changes in
ocean circulation and nutrient levels.
He believes that
changes in
ocean circulation have warmed the Atlantic and increased hurricane activity in the past decade and that this is simply the result
of normal oscillation in natural climate cycles.
A new analysis using
changes in cloud cover over the tropical Indo - Pacific
Ocean showed that a weakening
of a major atmospheric
circulation system over the last century is due, in part, to increased greenhouse gas emissions.
They will look for evidence
of temperature
changes caused by
ocean circulation patterns in both the North Atlantic and tropical Pacific
Oceans, which drive precipitation in Tibet as well as the Indian monsoons.
The cruise was part
of the international GEOTRACES program, which aims to measure chemical tracers in the world's
ocean to understand
ocean circulation and provide a baseline to assess future chemical
changes in the
oceans.
Anderson and Allen suggest that the
changes reflect an influx
of moisture from the Pacific
Ocean, probably due to
changing global
circulation (Science, vol 260, p 1920).
As a result, the frigid flow plays a critical role in regulating
circulation, temperature, and availability
of oxygen and nutrients throughout the world's
oceans, and serves as both a barometer for climate
change and a factor that can contribute to that
change.
«Such a slowdown is consistent with the projected effects
of anthropogenic climate
change, where warming and freshening
of the surface
ocean from melting ice caps leads to weaker overturning
circulation,» DeVries explained.
Some research has tied it to a series
of small volcanic eruptions around the globe while other findings have linked it to the
changes in winds and
ocean circulation.
They were Jorge Sarmiento, an oceanographer at Princeton University who constructs
ocean -
circulation models that calculate how much atmospheric carbon dioxide eventually goes into the world's
oceans; Eileen Claussen, executive director
of the Pew Center for Global Climate
Change in Washington, D.C.; and David Keith, a physicist with the University
of Calgary in Alberta who designs technological solutions to the global warming problem.
However, Khazendar and Scheuchl said, researchers need more information on the shape
of the bedrock and seafloor beneath the ice, as well as more data on
ocean circulation and temperatures, to be able to better project how much ice these glaciers will contribute to the
ocean in a
changing climate.
New understanding
of changes in North Pacific
ocean circulation over the past 1.2 million years could lead to better global climate models
Your statement that «Thus it is natural to look at the real world and see whether there is evidence that it behaves in the same way (and it appears to, since model hindcasts
of past
changes match observations very well)» seems to indicate that you think there will be no
changes in
ocean circulation or land use trends, nor any subsequent
changes in cloud responses thereto or other atmospheric
circulation.
We know, however, that rapid warming
of the planet increases the risk
of crossing climatic points
of no return, possibly setting in motion large - scale
ocean circulation changes, the loss
of major ice sheets, and species extinctions.
The understanding
of the atmospheric
circulation changes, later to be discovered to be connected to the appearance
of El Niño events, was originally motivated by reasons other than
ocean currents.
g (acceleration due to gravity) G (gravitational constant) G star G1.9 +0.3 gabbro Gabor, Dennis (1900 — 1979) Gabriel's Horn Gacrux (Gamma Crucis) gadolinium Gagarin, Yuri Alexeyevich (1934 — 1968) Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center GAIA Gaia Hypothesis galactic anticenter galactic bulge galactic center Galactic Club galactic coordinates galactic disk galactic empire galactic equator galactic habitable zone galactic halo galactic magnetic field galactic noise galactic plane galactic rotation galactose Galatea GALAXIES galaxy galaxy cannibalism galaxy classification galaxy formation galaxy interaction galaxy merger Galaxy, The Galaxy satellite series Gale Crater Galen (c. AD 129 — c. 216) galena GALEX (Galaxy Evolution Explorer) Galilean satellites Galilean telescope Galileo (Galilei, Galileo)(1564 — 1642) Galileo (spacecraft) Galileo Europa Mission (GEM) Galileo satellite navigation system gall gall bladder Galle, Johann Gottfried (1812 — 1910) gallic acid gallium gallon gallstone Galois, Évariste (1811 — 1832) Galois theory Galton, Francis (1822 — 1911) Galvani, Luigi (1737 — 1798) galvanizing galvanometer game game theory GAMES AND PUZZLES gamete gametophyte Gamma (Soviet orbiting telescope) Gamma Cassiopeiae Gamma Cassiopeiae star gamma function gamma globulin gamma rays Gamma Velorum gamma - ray burst gamma - ray satellites Gamow, George (1904 — 1968) ganglion gangrene Ganswindt, Hermann (1856 — 1934) Ganymede «garbage theory»,
of the origin
of life Gardner, Martin (1914 — 2010) Garneau, Marc (1949 ---RRB- garnet Garnet Star (Mu Cephei) Garnet Star Nebula (IC 1396) garnierite Garriott, Owen K. (1930 ---RRB- Garuda gas gas chromatography gas constant gas giant gas laws gas - bounded nebula gaseous nebula gaseous propellant gaseous - propellant rocket engine gasoline Gaspra (minor planet 951) Gassendi, Pierre (1592 — 1655) gastric juice gastrin gastrocnemius gastroenteritis gastrointestinal tract gastropod gastrulation Gatewood, George D. (1940 ---RRB- Gauer - Henry reflex gauge boson gauge theory gauss (unit) Gauss, Carl Friedrich (1777 — 1855) Gaussian distribution Gay - Lussac, Joseph Louis (1778 — 1850) GCOM (Global
Change Observing Mission) Geber (c. 720 — 815) gegenschein Geiger, Hans Wilhelm (1882 — 1945) Geiger - Müller counter Giessler tube gel gelatin Gelfond's theorem Gell - Mann, Murray (1929 ---RRB- GEM «gemination,»
of martian canals Geminga Gemini (constellation) Gemini Observatory Gemini Project Gemini - Titan II gemstone gene gene expression gene mapping gene pool gene therapy gene transfer General Catalogue
of Variable Stars (GCVS) general precession general theory
of relativity generation ship generator Genesis (inflatable orbiting module) Genesis (sample return probe) genetic code genetic counseling genetic disorder genetic drift genetic engineering genetic marker genetic material genetic pool genetic recombination genetics GENETICS AND HEREDITY Geneva Extrasolar Planet Search Program genome genome, interstellar transmission
of genotype gentian violet genus geoboard geode geodesic geodesy geodesy satellites geodetic precession Geographos (minor planet 1620) geography GEOGRAPHY Geo - IK geologic time geology GEOLOGY AND PLANETARY SCIENCE geomagnetic field geomagnetic storm geometric mean geometric sequence geometry GEOMETRY geometry puzzles geophysics GEOS (Geodetic Earth Orbiting Satellite) Geosat geostationary orbit geosynchronous orbit geosynchronous / geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) geosyncline Geotail (satellite) geotropism germ germ cells Germain, Sophie (1776 — 1831) German Rocket Society germanium germination Gesner, Konrad von (1516 — 1565) gestation Get Off the Earth puzzle Gettier problem geyser g - force GFO (Geosat Follow - On) GFZ - 1 (GeoForschungsZentrum) ghost crater Ghost Head Nebula (NGC 2080) ghost image Ghost
of Jupiter (NGC 3242) Giacconi, Riccardo (1931 ---RRB- Giacobini - Zinner, Comet (Comet 21P /) Giaever, Ivar (1929 ---RRB- giant branch Giant Magellan Telescope giant molecular cloud giant planet giant star Giant's Causeway Giauque, William Francis (1895 — 1982) gibberellins Gibbs, Josiah Willard (1839 — 1903) Gibbs free energy Gibson, Edward G. (1936 ---RRB- Gilbert, William (1544 — 1603) gilbert (unit) Gilbreath's conjecture gilding gill gill (unit) Gilruth, Robert R. (1913 — 2000) gilsonite gimbal Ginga ginkgo Giotto (ESA Halley probe) GIRD (Gruppa Isutcheniya Reaktivnovo Dvisheniya) girder glacial drift glacial groove glacier gland Glaser, Donald Arthur (1926 — 2013) Glashow, Sheldon (1932 ---RRB- glass GLAST (Gamma - ray Large Area Space Telescope) Glauber, Johann Rudolf (1607 — 1670) glaucoma glauconite Glenn, John Herschel, Jr. (1921 ---RRB- Glenn Research Center Glennan, T (homas) Keith (1905 — 1995) glenoid cavity glia glial cell glider Gliese 229B Gliese 581 Gliese 67 (HD 10307, HIP 7918) Gliese 710 (HD 168442, HIP 89825) Gliese 86 Gliese 876 Gliese Catalogue glioma glissette glitch Global Astrometric Interferometer for Astrophysics (GAIA) Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) Globalstar globe Globigerina globular cluster globular proteins globule globulin globus pallidus GLOMR (Global Low Orbiting Message Relay) GLONASS (Global Navigation Satellite System) glossopharyngeal nerve Gloster E. 28/39 glottis glow - worm glucagon glucocorticoid glucose glucoside gluon Glushko, Valentin Petrovitch (1908 — 1989) glutamic acid glutamine gluten gluteus maximus glycerol glycine glycogen glycol glycolysis glycoprotein glycosidic bond glycosuria glyoxysome GMS (Geosynchronous Meteorological Satellite) GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) Gnathostomata gneiss Go Go, No - go goblet cell GOCE (Gravity field and steady - state
Ocean Circulation Explorer) God Goddard, Robert Hutchings (1882 — 1945) Goddard Institute for Space Studies Goddard Space Flight Center Gödel, Kurt (1906 — 1978) Gödel universe Godwin, Francis (1562 — 1633) GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) goethite goiter gold Gold, Thomas (1920 — 2004) Goldbach conjecture golden ratio (phi) Goldin, Daniel Saul (1940 ---RRB- gold - leaf electroscope Goldstone Tracking Facility Golgi, Camillo (1844 — 1926) Golgi apparatus Golomb, Solomon W. (1932 — 2016) golygon GOMS (Geostationary Operational Meteorological Satellite) gonad gonadotrophin - releasing hormone gonadotrophins Gondwanaland Gonets goniatite goniometer gonorrhea Goodricke, John (1764 — 1786) googol Gordian Knot Gordon, Richard Francis, Jr. (1929 — 2017) Gore, John Ellard (1845 — 1910) gorge gorilla Gorizont Gott loop Goudsmit, Samuel Abraham (1902 — 1978) Gould, Benjamin Apthorp (1824 — 1896) Gould, Stephen Jay (1941 — 2002) Gould Belt gout governor GPS (Global Positioning System) Graaf, Regnier de (1641 — 1673) Graafian follicle GRAB graben GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) graceful graph gradient Graham, Ronald (1935 ---RRB- Graham, Thomas (1805 — 1869) Graham's law of diffusion Graham's number GRAIL (Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory) grain (cereal) grain (unit) gram gram - atom Gramme, Zénobe Théophile (1826 — 1901) gramophone Gram's stain Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) Granat Grand Tour grand unified theory (GUT) Grandfather Paradox Granit, Ragnar Arthur (1900 — 1991) granite granulation granule granulocyte graph graph theory graphene graphite GRAPHS AND GRAPH THEORY graptolite grass grassland gravel graveyard orbit gravimeter gravimetric analysis Gravitational Biology Facility gravitational collapse gravitational constant (G) gravitational instability gravitational lens gravitational life gravitational lock gravitational microlensing GRAVITATIONAL PHYSICS gravitational slingshot effect gravitational waves graviton gravity gravity gradient gravity gradient stabilization Gravity Probe A Gravity Probe B gravity - assist gray (Gy) gray goo gray matter grazing - incidence telescope Great Annihilator Great Attractor great circle Great Comets Great Hercules Cluster (M13, NGC 6205) Great Monad Great Observatories Great Red Spot Great Rift (in Milky Way) Great Rift Valley Great Square of Pegasus Great Wall greater omentum greatest elongation Green, George (1793 — 1841) Green, Nathaniel E. Green, Thomas Hill (1836 — 1882) green algae Green Bank Green Bank conference (1961) Green Bank Telescope green flash greenhouse effect greenhouse gases Green's theorem Greg, Percy (1836 — 1889) Gregorian calendar Grelling's paradox Griffith, George (1857 — 1906) Griffith Observatory Grignard, François Auguste Victor (1871 — 1935) Grignard reagent grike Grimaldi, Francesco Maria (1618 — 1663) Grissom, Virgil (1926 — 1967) grit gritstone Groom Lake Groombridge 34 Groombridge Catalogue gross ground, electrical ground state ground - track group group theory GROUPS AND GROUP THEORY growing season growth growth hormone growth hormone - releasing hormone growth plate Grudge, Project Gruithuisen, Franz von Paula (1774 — 1852) Grus (constellation) Grus Quartet (NGC 7552, NGC 7582, NGC 7590, and NGC 7599) GSLV (Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle) g - suit G - type asteroid Guericke, Otto von (1602 — 1686) guanine Guiana Space Centre guidance, inertial Guide Star Catalog (GSC) guided missile guided missiles, postwar development Guillaume, Charles Édouard (1861 — 1938) Gulf Stream (ocean current) Gulfstream (jet plane) Gullstrand, Allvar (1862 — 1930) gum Gum Nebula gun metal gunpowder Gurwin Gusev Crater gut Gutenberg, Johann (c. 1400 — 1468) Guy, Richard Kenneth (1916 ---RRB- guyot Guzman Prize gymnosperm gynecology gynoecium gypsum gyrocompass gyrofrequency gyropilot gyroscope gyrostabilizer Gyulbudagian's Nebula (H
Ocean Circulation Explorer) God Goddard, Robert Hutchings (1882 — 1945) Goddard Institute for Space Studies Goddard Space Flight Center Gödel, Kurt (1906 — 1978) Gödel universe Godwin, Francis (1562 — 1633) GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) goethite goiter gold Gold, Thomas (1920 — 2004) Goldbach conjecture golden ratio (phi) Goldin, Daniel Saul (1940 ---RRB- gold - leaf electroscope Goldstone Tracking Facility Golgi, Camillo (1844 — 1926) Golgi apparatus Golomb, Solomon W. (1932 — 2016) golygon GOMS (Geostationary Operational Meteorological Satellite) gonad gonadotrophin - releasing hormone gonadotrophins Gondwanaland Gonets goniatite goniometer gonorrhea Goodricke, John (1764 — 1786) googol Gordian Knot Gordon, Richard Francis, Jr. (1929 — 2017) Gore, John Ellard (1845 — 1910) gorge gorilla Gorizont Gott loop Goudsmit, Samuel Abraham (1902 — 1978) Gould, Benjamin Apthorp (1824 — 1896) Gould, Stephen Jay (1941 — 2002) Gould Belt gout governor GPS (Global Positioning System) Graaf, Regnier de (1641 — 1673) Graafian follicle GRAB graben GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) graceful graph gradient Graham, Ronald (1935 ---RRB- Graham, Thomas (1805 — 1869) Graham's law
of diffusion Graham's number GRAIL (Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory) grain (cereal) grain (unit) gram gram - atom Gramme, Zénobe Théophile (1826 — 1901) gramophone Gram's stain Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) Granat Grand Tour grand unified theory (GUT) Grandfather Paradox Granit, Ragnar Arthur (1900 — 1991) granite granulation granule granulocyte graph graph theory graphene graphite GRAPHS AND GRAPH THEORY graptolite grass grassland gravel graveyard orbit gravimeter gravimetric analysis Gravitational Biology Facility gravitational collapse gravitational constant (G) gravitational instability gravitational lens gravitational life gravitational lock gravitational microlensing GRAVITATIONAL PHYSICS gravitational slingshot effect gravitational waves graviton gravity gravity gradient gravity gradient stabilization Gravity Probe A Gravity Probe B gravity - assist gray (Gy) gray goo gray matter grazing - incidence telescope Great Annihilator Great Attractor great circle Great Comets Great Hercules Cluster (M13, NGC 6205) Great Monad Great Observatories Great Red Spot Great Rift (in Milky Way) Great Rift Valley Great Square
of Pegasus Great Wall greater omentum greatest elongation Green, George (1793 — 1841) Green, Nathaniel E. Green, Thomas Hill (1836 — 1882) green algae Green Bank Green Bank conference (1961) Green Bank Telescope green flash greenhouse effect greenhouse gases Green's theorem Greg, Percy (1836 — 1889) Gregorian calendar Grelling's paradox Griffith, George (1857 — 1906) Griffith Observatory Grignard, François Auguste Victor (1871 — 1935) Grignard reagent grike Grimaldi, Francesco Maria (1618 — 1663) Grissom, Virgil (1926 — 1967) grit gritstone Groom Lake Groombridge 34 Groombridge Catalogue gross ground, electrical ground state ground - track group group theory GROUPS AND GROUP THEORY growing season growth growth hormone growth hormone - releasing hormone growth plate Grudge, Project Gruithuisen, Franz von Paula (1774 — 1852) Grus (constellation) Grus Quartet (NGC 7552, NGC 7582, NGC 7590, and NGC 7599) GSLV (Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle) g - suit G - type asteroid Guericke, Otto von (1602 — 1686) guanine Guiana Space Centre guidance, inertial Guide Star Catalog (GSC) guided missile guided missiles, postwar development Guillaume, Charles Édouard (1861 — 1938) Gulf Stream (
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As far as we understand them, they are due to a redistribution
of heat within the earth system, very likely due to
ocean circulation changes.
«The Greenland ice sheet as a whole is shrinking, melting and reducing in size as the result
of globally
changing air and
ocean temperatures and associated
changes in
circulation patterns in both the
ocean and atmosphere,» Muenchow said.
...» Meltwater from glacial Lake Agassiz (southwest
of Hudson Bay) draining catastrophically into the North Atlantic via Lake Superior and the St. Laurence seaway was once thought to have initiated
ocean circulation changes leading to the Younger Dryas cold period.
The goal is to capture natural variations in the climate, like
changes in
ocean circulation or features like the El Niño Southern Oscillation, that are swamped by the signal
of human - caused warming when looking out to the end
of the century.
Climate
change is playing a major role in the slowing down
of the
circulation of the Atlantic
Ocean.
In applying them, they found that a more realistic representation
of the marine ecosystem helped the
ocean to take up and store carbon at similar rates regardless
of global
changes in physical properties, like temperature, salinity and
circulation.
Suppose also that — DESPITE THIS STABILIZING MECHANISM some as - yet unknown
ocean circulation cycle operates that is the sole cause
of the Holocene centennial scale fluctuations, and that this cycle has reversed and is operating today, yielding a temperature
change that happens to mimic what models give in response to radiative forcing
changes.
The results, reported in the journal Nature Geoscience, have consequences for many fields
of science, including the study
of ocean circulation and past climate
change.
A more likely scenario is that
changes in the
ocean circulation are a consequence
of wind shifts.