The impacts of ice shelf collapse and ensuing glacier acceleration are substantial, but in general, the effects
of ocean melt are proving to be far more important in controlling ice sheet mass balance.
Not exact matches
Trump's stance on the environment contradicts thousands
of scientists and decades
of research, which has linked many observable changes in climate, including rising air and
ocean temperatures, shrinking glaciers, and widespread
melting of snow and ice, to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions from human activities.
Rising temperatures will warm the
oceans and accelerate
melting of land ice, affecting sea - levels along the California coast.
The
melting adds between 120 and 140 tons
of ice to the
ocean, which scientists say will raise water levels globally anywhere from 1.33 to 1.5 inches each year.
There are more, however, including the amount
of sunlight an ice sheet is able to reflect; the larger an ice sheet, the more sunlight is reflected, but the smaller an ice sheet, the more
ocean there is surrounding the ice sheet to absorb the sunlight which in turn heats up the surrounding waters increasing the
melt which decreases the size
of the ice sheet which in turn... and so goes the cycle.
The
melting of the arctic ice and the Greenland glaciers along with the warming
of the
ocean will raise sea levels and flood some
of the world's most populous and fertile regions, the deltas
of the great rivers.
Human action would lead to the
melting of the polar ice caps and the consequent rise
of ocean levels.
The two teams used as examples here, the «97 Giants and «12 Orioles, both came out
of the last - place mists in their lucky seasons, and everyone anticipated that they would fall into the
ocean as their wings
melted.
Ice caps are
melting faster than predicted, violent storms are the new normal (ask Long Island residents who were flooded last week),
oceans are warmer, wild fires consume thousands
of acres in the far West, draught racks almost half
of our heartland.
A new map
of the surrounding seafloor helps explain why: Many
of the fastest -
melting glaciers sit atop deep fjords that allow Atlantic
Ocean water to
melt them from below.
Natural shifts in
ocean currents could account for about half the
melting of Alpine glaciers in this decade, Matthias Huss and colleagues at the University
of Fribourg reported in June.
If global warming
melts the world's glaciers and raises sea levels, the first to know about it will be the citizens
of the Maldives, a low - lying chain
of island atolls in the Indian
Ocean.
The study uses data from two NASA missions — Operation IceBridge, which measures ice thickness and gravity from aircraft, and
Oceans Melting Greenland, or OMG, which uses sonar and gravity instruments to map the shape and depth
of the seafloor close to the ice front.
Willis is leading a new mission to study the effects
of warming
oceans on the
melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet.
That question is central to understanding the effects
of ice sheet
melting on
ocean water properties, circulation, and biological systems, on scales from local to basinwide.
The additional warming caused a near - doubling
of melt rates in the twenty - year period from 1995 to 2015 compared to previous times when the same blocking and
ocean conditions were present.
They found glacial fjords hundreds
of meters deeper than previously estimated; the full extent
of the marine - based portions
of the glaciers; deep troughs enabling Atlantic
Ocean water to reach the glacier fronts and
melt them from below; and few shallow sills that limit contact with this warmer water.
This heating ought to be weak, but some unknown process seems to be amplifying it, possibly enough to
melt a deep
ocean of liquid water on Enceladus, or maybe only enough to form smaller pools
of water within the moon's icy shell.
Most sea - level rise comes from water and ice moving from land into the
ocean, but the
melting of floating ice causes a small amount
of sea - level rise, too.
The causes
of the warming remain debated, but Liu and his team homed in on the
melting glacial water that poured into
oceans as the ice receded, paradoxically slowing the
ocean current in the North Atlantic that keeps Europe from freezing over.
While natural patterns
of certain atmospheric and
ocean conditions are already known to influence Greenland
melt, the study highlights the importance
of a long - term warming trend to account for the unprecedented west Greenland
melt rates in recent years.
«Thanks to the newest NASA missions, such as
Oceans Melting Greenland and Operation IceBridge, we have been able to make great advances in understanding the evolution
of this very dynamic sector
of Greenland and its impact on sea level rise now and in decades to come,» he said.
Whilst this is a small figure in actual terms, combined with the contribution from other
melting glaciers around the world and expansion
of the world's
oceans, it will have an impact upon society through flooding
of low - lying coastal regions.»
Researchers can measure annual changes in how the
melt rate occurs, for example, or the effects
of a single pulse
of warm deep -
ocean water.
Each spring in the Arctic, the freshet — flooding triggered by
melting snow — washes vast amounts
of carbon - rich soil from the land into the water — both fresh water and the
ocean.
«This correlation tells us this is the same water and that this is what's causing the
melting of the glacier, which could influence sea level rise,» said Muenchow, an associate professor
of oceanography in UD's School
of Marine Science and Policy, which is housed in the College
of Earth,
Ocean, and Environment (CEOE).
The hope is that the cables could reveal secrets about what's happening underneath the ice sheets, especially about
melting at the so - called grounding line, the place where the bottom
of an ice sheet meets the slightly warmer
ocean.
Recording these temperatures continuously can help scientists develop a detailed picture
of the physics by which the
ocean melts the ice shelves from below, says oceanographer Laurence Padman
of Earth & Space Research in Corvallis, Oregon.
But as you can imagine, in this day
of budget cutting in countries around the world, Antarctic science programs are being sliced, so there is this concern that it's a place also that could be kind
of forgotten in the not so distant future, and that would be a tragedy because as that ice
melts and if it can specifically continues to
melt at the rate it is now, that will impact all
of the world's
oceans.
With the
melting of Arctic
Ocean ice, the fabled waterway between Europe and Asia has been open to shipping the past two summers — or has it?
The thick sea ice in the Arctic
Ocean was not expected to
melt until the end
of the century.
In a recent paper published in Nature Geoscience, his team identified two deep underwater cavities beneath the glacier that they note could be pathways for relatively warm
ocean water to reach the underside
of the glacier, enhancing its
melting.
«Strong El Niño events cause large changes in Antarctic ice shelves: Oscillations
of water temperature in the tropical Pacific
Ocean can induce rapid
melting of Antarctic ice shelves.»
Some glaciers on the perimeter
of West Antarctica are receiving increased heat from deep, warm
ocean currents, which
melt ice from the grounding line, releasing the brake and causing the glaciers to flow and shed icebergs into the
ocean more quickly.
That widespread
melting leaves huge swaths
of dark
ocean water that absorbs more heat from the sun than the white, reflective sea ice it replaces.
After further analysis
of the data, the scientists found that although a strong El Niño changes wind patterns in West Antarctica in a way that promotes flow
of warm
ocean waters towards the ice shelves to increase
melting from below, it also increases snowfall particularly along the Amundsen Sea sector.
«This is,
of course, an important process, because the ice that
melts there ends up in the
ocean and raises sea level.»
As contemporary signs
of global warming, Schneider and his colleagues point to rapidly
melting polar icecaps,
ocean acidification, loss
of coral reefs, longer - lasting droughts, more devastating wildfires, and rising sea level.
• In Antarctica, Greenland and other places where big ice sheets are surrounded by the
ocean, sometimes big chunks
of ice fall into the
ocean after they have started to
melt.
«Very old ice probably exists in small isolated patches at the base
of the ice sheet that have not yet been identified, but in many places it has probably
melted and flowed out into the
ocean.»
The paper also describes an atmosphere -
ocean modeling study
of feedback loops caused by ice sheet
melting under 2 °C conditions.
As the ice sheets
melt, there will not only be more water in the
oceans, but the positions
of those hills and valleys will shift.
The
melting of a rather small ice volume on East Antarctica's shore could trigger a persistent ice discharge into the
ocean, resulting in unstoppable sea - level rise for thousands
of years to come.
A new study says that climate - induced feedback loops could lead to a change in
ocean stratification and the more rapid
melting of ice sheets.
Research from 2011, led by Hauri, found that the
melt inclusions have plenty
of water — as much water, in fact, as lavas forming on the Earth's
ocean floor.
Warm
ocean waters are carving away the undersides
of Antarctica's ice shelves, which will speed their
melting
The
melting of sea ice is exposing more
ocean waters in the Arctic, but they are showing a limited ability to dispose
of CO2, according to a new study
And when that water
melts, much
of it ends up in the
oceans.
Bowen says the two relatively rapid carbon releases (about 1,500 years each) are more consistent with warming
oceans or an undersea landslide triggering the
melting of frozen methane on the seafloor and large emissions to the atmosphere, where it became carbon dioxide within decades.
He warned on Tuesday that warming
ocean currents east
of Greenland were
melting ice in the seabed.