Sentences with phrase «of ocean surface»

Mike Jonas Great to see your scientific exploration following Richard Feynman's «bending over backwards to show how you're maybe wrong» high standard of scientific integrity You say: «clouds are a major driver of ocean surface temperature, and hence of climate» — yet say «The ocean oscillations are not, as far as I am aware, caused by clouds».

The reason for the increase in storm intensity is that as the planet warms, the temperatures of the atmosphere and of the ocean surface go up as well, leading to increased evaporation and an increased capacity for the air to hold moisture.

In particular, recent studies have shown that more atmospheric CO2 is causing the PH of ocean surface layers to drop (ie become more acidic) leading potentially to coral kills and substantial changes in sea life.

Since QuikSCAT is already 3 years past its designed instrument lifetime, it was a widely held view that continuation of the ocean surface vector wind CDR is in serious jeopardy.

In fact, IR tends to heat the first few microns of the ocean surface, thereby insulating the ocean from heating by conduction.

Neither of these scatterometers can therefore be considered viable mitigation strategies for continuation of the ocean surface vector winds CDR.

The height variations of ocean surface topography can be as much as two meters and are influenced by ocean circulation, ocean temperature, and salinity.»

From the beginning, there were serious concerns within the scientific community (both research and operational) about the viability of passive microwave measurements of ocean surface vector winds, especially in storms and in other areas of rain and large amounts of cloud liquid water.

Participants frequently commented that CMIS was adopted with no input from the scientific user community and with limited evidence of the capabilities of passive microwave for estimation of ocean surface vector winds.

You and others take it as an article of faith that evaporation happening in the first few microns of ocean surface somehow retards heat loss from the bulk of the ocean below it.

Tested on airborne missions this spring, DopplerScatt is a cousin of QuickSCAT and RapidScat, which used a scatterometer to measure the «roughness» of the ocean surface and determine the direction and intensity of wind.

I guess it means that most of the ocean surface temperatures are something like 3.5 degrees C warmer than before.

You'll also notice a periodic rising and falling of the ocean surface — the tides, which are also generated by orbital forcing.

Since full melt of all grounded ice is equal to over 70 metres of sea level rise, then it follows that there is the equivalent volume of 70 metres of ocean surface that is currently existing as ice at less than zero C.

Sure, the video's portrayal of the ocean being impassably cluttered with plastic waste may be a bit hyperbolic, but for the ocean life killed by the world's refuse washed at sea, it couldn't be more appropriate.Plastic waste has become so widespread throughout the world's oceans that there are 46 thousand pieces of plastic in every 2.5 square kilometers of ocean surface, according to the United Nations.

Dave Springer says: May 10, 2011 at 8:55 am > IIRC the spectrum follows a 270K blackbody curve where the atmosphere is > IR transparent i.e. it «sees» the temperature of the ocean surface but in the > 15um region it drops down to follow a 250K blackbody curve.

To peruse a wide range of ocean surface wind frequency maps, have a look at «Global Distributions of High - wind Occurrence over the Ocean.»

IIRC the spectrum follows a 270K blackbody curve where the atmosphere is IR transparent i.e. it «sees» the temperature of the ocean surface but in the 15um region it drops down to follow a 250K blackbody curve.

Energy in = energy out is not technically true though, the heat that reaches the surface is attenuated as the surface warms and cools, for example heating of the ocean surface and ground surface.

Westerly wind bursts — which encourage warming of the ocean surface in the central and eastern Pacific, and which had been largely absent in recent years — started to increase in frequency and magnitude.

After 1000 to 1500 years those variations in energy flowing through the thermohaline circulation return to the surface by influencing the size and intensity of the ocean surface temperature oscillations that have now been noted around the world in all the main ocean basins and in particular the Pacific and the Atlantic.

Most persistent atmospheric anomalies are ultimately linked to unusual patterns of ocean surface temperature.

CO; 2 Observations of the Infrared Radiative Properties of the Ocean «[I] t is necessary to understand the physical variables contributing to sea surface emitted and reflected radiation to space.The emissivity of the ocean surface varies with view angle and sea state, the reflection of sky radiation also depends on view angle and sea state, and the absorption of atmospheric constituents such as water vapor, aerosols, and subdivisible clouds affect transmittance.»

The 13C / 12C ratio of the ocean surface is at +1 to +5 per mil δ13C, the atmosphere currently is at -8 per mil δ13C.

The ocean's absorption of anthropogenic CO2 has already resulted in more than a 30 % increase in the acidity of ocean surface waters, at a rate likely faster than anything experienced in the past 300 million years, and ocean acidity could increase by 150 % to 200 % by the end of the century if CO2 emissions continue unabated (Orr et al. 2005; Feely et al. 2009; Hönisch et al. 2012)

BTW, only the temperature of the ocean surface layer is important for the CO2 fluxes in and out.

The pH of ocean surface waters has already decreased by about 0.1 since the industrial era began (Caldeira and Wickett, 2003, 2005; Orr et al., 2005)

Once energy is in the upper ocean it can move around by convection or be moved by Ekman pumping and subsurface currents, BUT The key point is the existence of the ocean surface skin layer and its unusual properties.

GHG forcing and the interesting nature of the ocean surface skin layer provide that mechanism.

This coupling of the atmosphere with the ocean enables the model to reproduce the cooling of the ocean surface beneath the hurricane, which has an important impact on hurricane intensity.

The westerlies of middle latitudes and the trade winds of the tropics drive the most prominent features of ocean surface motion, large - scale roughly circular current systems elongated in the east - west direction known as gyres.

She currently is working on identifying a set of model versions that are consistent with recent observations of the ocean surface and subsurface.

-- Part Four, the subject of the cool skin of the ocean surface came up a number of times.

The system is buffered (mostly by dissolved calcium compounds) so can not change much in the absence of a temperature change or a change to the pH of the ocean surface layer.

In the case of the ocean surface the junction point is the interface beteen the subskin and the skin because DLR can get no further.

The determination of ocean surface temperatures is less mature.

With December maximum solar insolation and the southern hemisphere having the majority of ocean surface, there is no reason to believe that some portion of the TOA imbalance is not due the current orbital position.

Hurricanes form in warm tropical waters, drawing strength from the heat of the ocean surface — that's why they are expected to worsen as sea surface temperatures increase.

However the effect of downwelling infrared is always to use up all the infrared in increasing the temperature of the ocean surface molecules whilst leaving nothing in reserve to provide the extra energy required (the latent heat of evaporation) when the change of state occurs from water to vapour.

How about Jones» admitted «adjustment» of ocean surface «data» to align them with land surface «data» because, after being adjusted upwards by, among other «tricks», adjusting for UHI effect by making urban readings warmer rather than cooler, land & sea numbers were out of whack (imagine that!)

An alteration of ocean surface layer pH alters the equilibrium concentration of atmospheric CO2.

The main problem with ocean data is quite simply that it does not exist for much of the ocean surface before the satellite era.

However, I have repeatedly pointed out that the opposite is also possible because the deep ocean waters now returning to ocean surface could be altering the pH of the ocean surface layer with resulting release of CO2 from the ocean surface layer.

[71] Se the books of Robert Tisdale http://bobtisdale.wordpress.com/ for many analyses of the ocean surface temperatures continuously observed by satellites since 1982 and extensive comparisons of model outputs with observations

Thus the pH level of the ocean surface layer is not the same thing as the total CO2 dissolved by the oceans.

First, that the oceanographers are correct in their present hypothesis, that a persistent failure of late winter sinking of the ocean surface near Greenland and Iceland is a likely cause of most of the abrupt cooling episodes.

In particular, the instantaneous state of the ocean surface will be a result of its history far more than a result of the current forcing configuration.

Another precursor is more floating ice than usual, which reduces the amount of ocean surface exposed to the winds, in turn reducing evaporation.

The predicted continuous warming trend of the ocean surface temperature is expected to favour the growth of smaller phytoplankton cells (picophytoplankton replacing large diatoms) that in turn would also favour small - sized zooplankton species (Li et al. 2009).

Although polynyas only cover a small fraction of the ocean surface, the transfer of heat and water vapor is so large that they play a significant role in the climate system leading to modifications of both atmosphere and ocean properties.