Sentences with phrase «of ocean surface currents»

Not exact matches

It is producing a «Submaran»: an unmanned device that can float on the surface of the ocean and also drive 200 meters under the water to monitor pipelines, currents, temperature or whatever a customer might want.

Thomsen and his colleagues have discovered that changes in ocean currents triggered by storms raging on the sea surface can alter the release of gas from the hydrate mounds.

Ocean currents affect the surface temperature of the oceans and thus the heat exchange with the atmosphere — eventually causing climate variations on the adjacent continents.

The simulations suggest that over decades, these warming events dramatically perturb the ocean surface, affecting the flow of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, a system of currents that acts like a conveyor belt moving water around the planet.

The fog is a gift of the Pacific Ocean's California Current where winds create upwellings that bring cold, deep, nutrient - rich waters to the surface.

They found that adding five years of strong trade winds created powerful ocean currents that buried the warm surface water, bringing cooler water to the surface.

SeaWiFS data show that photosynthesizing organisms have declined in certain ocean gyres (large - scale surface current patterns), said Jim Yoder, a scientist at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, in a NASA article commemorating the end of SeaWiFS's mission.

Also, the Jason - 3 measurements of ocean waves and ocean surface topography will be essential inputs to numerical forecasts of sea state and ocean currents and to other applications in the areas of marine meteorology and operational oceanography.

«This technology offers new opportunities to track the speed of ocean currents or objects moving on or below the ocean surface.»

Winds over the ocean (blue arrow) also create currents on the surface, pushing the water up one side of the wave and down the other.

Co-author of the study Dr Wim Degruyter, from Cardiff University's School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, said: «Our current understanding tells us that hot magma can be injected from Earth's lower crust into colder surroundings near the surface.

Schimdt has found evidence that warm ocean currents and convective forces beneath Europa's frozen shell can cause large blocks of ice to overturn and melt, bringing vast pockets of water, sometimes holding as much liquid as all of the Great Lakes combined, to within several kilometers of the moon's icy surface.

The waters probed during this study, known as the California Current, are a hot spot of ocean acidification because of coastal upwelling, which brings naturally acidic waters to the surface, where they are made even more acidic by greenhouse gas pollution.

El Nino's mass of warm water puts a lid on the normal currents of cold, deep water that typically rise to the surface along the equator and off the coast of Chile and Peru, said Stephanie Uz, ocean scientist at Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.

The mechanism that causes eddies in the surface ocean leads to an intensification of currents in the top and bottom layers of the ocean.

The Southern Ocean plays a pivotal role in the global overturning circulation, a system of surface and deep currents linking all oceans and one of the fundamental determinants of the planet's climate.

In fact, the current research project is based, in part, on the experience of the 2010 Deepwater Horizon disaster, during which more than 400 controlled burns removed between 220,000 and 310,000 barrels of oil from the ocean's surface.

Deploying new sensors that drift with sometimes strong currents (allowing better measurement of marine snow than sensors placed on the ocean floor or tethered to the surface), the team sampled the flora and fauna and measured the amount of falling carbon material captured to assess the role of the ocean as a true carbon sink.

This is an important finding because current estimates of biological activity in surface waters of the ocean rely on instruments aboard satellites that measure the color of the sea surface, which changes along with levels of chlorophyll - a, an assessment that will miss blooms of other organisms, such as bacteria.

This shift strengthens the ocean currents that bring warm, salty water to the surface, where it accelerates the melting of Antarctic ice.

Most marine fishes have a pelagic larval stage that drifts in the surface or near - surface currents of the ocean — an environment very different from the one they inhabit as adults.

«We established a means to study viral populations within more complex communities and found that surface ocean viruses were passively transported on currents and that population abundances were structured by local environmental conditions,» said Sullivan, associate professor in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and member of the BIO5 Institute.

The upper part of the modern Arctic Ocean is flushed by North Atlantic currents while the Arctic's deep basins are flushed by salty currents formed during sea ice formation at the surface.

The jaw - dropping animation visualizes the flow of surface ocean currents around the world.

With the removal of the warm surface waters, an upwelling current is created in the east Pacific Ocean, bringing cold water up from deeper levels.

A typical oceanographic mooring, like one deployed in the northwest Atlantic Ocean by the Global Ocean Ecoystems Dynamics (GLOBEC) program, holds a large array of instrumentation: seven current meters, seven temperature gauges, three optical turbidity scanners, four salinity / conductivity / pressure meters, and one Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) that records surface ocean current patterns around the mooOcean by the Global Ocean Ecoystems Dynamics (GLOBEC) program, holds a large array of instrumentation: seven current meters, seven temperature gauges, three optical turbidity scanners, four salinity / conductivity / pressure meters, and one Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) that records surface ocean current patterns around the mooOcean Ecoystems Dynamics (GLOBEC) program, holds a large array of instrumentation: seven current meters, seven temperature gauges, three optical turbidity scanners, four salinity / conductivity / pressure meters, and one Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) that records surface ocean current patterns around the mcurrent meters, seven temperature gauges, three optical turbidity scanners, four salinity / conductivity / pressure meters, and one Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) that records surface ocean current patterns around the mCurrent Profiler (ADCP) that records surface ocean current patterns around the mooocean current patterns around the mcurrent patterns around the mooring.

A team of scientists led by researchers at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory modified the current formula to calculate Potential Intensity by including the effects of upper - ocean mixing, sea - surface cooling, and salinity during a cyclone.

Coastal physical oceanography, subtidal circulation, ocean observing systems, real - time surface buoy design, towable buoy designs, autonomous vehicles, surface current measurements with HF RADAR, Doppler technology, oceanographic applications of artificial neural networks.

Currents in the deep ocean exist because of changes in the density of sea water occurring at the surface.

Now, using current technology on ground - based telescopes, Brown and Hand have definitively identified a spectroscopic feature on Europa's surface that indicates the presence of a magnesium sulfate salt, a mineral called epsomite, that could only originate from the ocean below.

The researchers use computer models to forecast future ocean conditions such as surface temperatures, salinity, and currents, and project how the distribution of different fish species could respond to climate change.

The consensus is that several factors are important: atmospheric composition (the concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane); changes in the Earth's orbit around the Sun known as Milankovitch cycles (and possibly the Sun's orbit around the galaxy); the motion of tectonic plates resulting in changes in the relative location and amount of continental and oceanic crust on the Earth's surface, which could affect wind and ocean currents; variations in solar output; the orbital dynamics of the Earth - Moon system; and the impact of relatively large meteorites, and volcanism including eruptions of supervolcanoes.

«We established a means to study viral populations within more complex communities and found that surface ocean viruses were passively transported on currents and that population abundances were structured by local environmental conditions,» said Sullivan, associate professor in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and a member of the BIO5 Institute.

In addition, seamounts rising into the ocean create obstacles that shape ocean currents and direct deep, nutrient - rich waters up the sloping sides of seamounts to the surface.

The curvature of the winds created by the Coriolis effect also helps create surface ocean currents.

Cursor movement keys or arrow keys are buttons on a computer keyboard that are either programmed or designated to move the cursor in a specified direction A cay forms when ocean currents transport loose sediment across the surface of a reef to a depositional node, where the current slows or converges with

Those record such information from beneath the ocean's surface as air and ocean temperature and the speed and direction of ocean currents.

The litter that's swirling around on the surface of the oceans is moved by the currents, which helps to consolidate it into floating trash heaps.

A circular room studded with windows eight metres (26 feet) beneath the ocean's surface reveals up to 300 species of colourful coral, fish and other marine life, fed by an unusually warm current.

Where the poleward & equatorward currents of this intensified circulation converge — the centre of the gyres — surface water is pumped downwards into the ocean interior in a process known as Ekman pumping.

Balance time for those surface layers is short, but for the deep ocean, CO2 doesn't diffuse but is gradually carried there by slow moving ocean currents, these may take on the order of a thousand years to complete.

This is to be expected because the spin - up of the wind - driven ocean circulation speeds up the currents (Ekman transport) which carry heat out of the tropics in the near - surface layers toward the subtropical ocean gyres.

Other factors would include: — albedo shifts (both from ice > water, and from increased biological activity, and from edge melt revealing more land, and from more old dust coming to the surface...); — direct effect of CO2 on ice (the former weakens the latter); — increasing, and increasingly warm, rain fall on ice; — «stuck» weather systems bringing more and more warm tropical air ever further toward the poles; — melting of sea ice shelf increasing mobility of glaciers; — sea water getting under parts of the ice sheets where the base is below sea level; — melt water lubricating the ice sheet base; — changes in ocean currents -LRB-?)

The current Landsea / Trenberth / Emanuel discussion has been parsed by many to mean that Landsea claims that the number of hurricanes is constant, and Trenberth is claiming that their intensity should increase as global warming heats the ocean surface.

Plankton, the tiny organisms at the bottom of the ocean food chain that so much of marine life depends on, drift with the ocean currents, but sometimes come together in dense patches under the surface that can later rise to the surface as red tides.

The current energy imbalance at the surface (as demonstrated by the increasing heat content of the oceans) implies there is at least a further 0.5 deg C surface warming in the «pipeline».

The surface heat capacity C (j = 0) was set to the equivalent of a global layer of water 50 m deep (which would be a layer ~ 70 m thick over the oceans) plus 70 % of the atmosphere, the latent heat of vaporization corresponding to a 20 % increase in water vapor per 3 K warming (linearized for current conditions), and a little land surface; expressed as W * yr per m ^ 2 * K (a convenient unit), I got about 7.093.

The model variables that are evaluated against all sorts of observations and measurements range from solar radiation and precipitation rates, air and sea surface temperatures, cloud properties and distributions, winds, river runoff, ocean currents, ice cover, albedos, even the maximum soil depth reached by plant roots (seriously!).

Ideas that commonly surface include perturbations to the earth's orbit by other planets, disruptions of ocean currents, the rise and fall of greenhouse gases, heat reflection by snow, continental drift, comet impacts, Genesis floods, volcanoes, and slow changes in the irradiance of the sun.

They relate the current hiatus period at the surface and a deeper penetration of the warming into the ocean with changes in the trade winds on the subtropical Pacific (intensification).