Humans can smell so many different odors because they have over 1000 different receptor proteins on neurons in the nose, each of which recognizes a particular chemical
feature of some odor molecules.
They form a functional complex with another protein, the so - called olfactory receptor co-receptor, which enables insects to smell the tiniest amounts
of odor molecules in their environment very rapidly.
Only if it can trace even tiny
amounts of odor molecules is it is able to find food sources, communicate with conspecifics, or avoid enemies.
They are rather composed of filaments (
clusters of odor molecules) of various sizes (> mm) and concentrations interspersed with regions of clean air.
But working with human smooth muscle cells isolated and grown from the healthy parts of airway tissue surrounding excised tumors, Benjamin Kalbe and his colleagues applied a large
number of odor molecules and watched two of them activate the muscle cells.
Dogs can do that because their noses contain 900 different types of olfactory receptors, chemical detectors in cells that respond to many different
kinds of odor molecules in particular ways.
«In fact, it is far more sensitive to
some of these odor molecules when compared to carbon dioxide.»