Sentences with phrase «of olfactory neurons»

Taking up this challenge, a team at Rudolf Jaenisch's lab at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology transferred the nuclei of olfactory neurons into egg cells whose nuclei had been removed.

Linda Buck of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and Richard Axel of Columbia University, both winners of the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, have found that the human nose contains about 1,000 different types of olfactory neurons, each type able to detect a particular set of chemicals.

Somehow, the mouse olfactory system had to evolve a way to adjust, to encode incoming sensory information so that it doesn't saturate the firing range of olfactory neurons.»

Duke University biologist Pelin Volkan and colleagues have identified a set of genetic control switches that interact early in a fly's development to generate dozens of types of olfactory neurons, specialized nerve cells for smell.

By tapping existing compounds known to block one class of olfactory neurons, scientists might be able to better camouflage humans from mosquito detection or draw mosquitoes away from humans with chemical bait.

Not exact matches

One important observation was that individual olfactory sensory neurons typically express just one of those genes.

There are many thousands of olfactory sensory neurons expressing any particular olfactory receptor.

Despite having replaced at least a subset of the olfactory sensory neurons that first interacted with that wine's unique odor, you are still able to recognize its aroma when you pour a glass, because the overall pattern of activity within the olfactory system remains relatively constant.

Therefore, the wine activates a complex pattern of olfactory sensory neurons by engaging each of their olfactory receptor proteins, which recognize these different features.

The neurons send their signals to the brain's olfactory bulb, where each of thousands of little clusters of neurons called glomeruli receives input from olfactory neurons with just one receptor type.

Toxicants like solvents, pesticides or volatile molecules from oil spills can travel straight into the brain via the olfactory receptors — nasal neurons that number in the many millions, thickly studding the inner lining of the nose.

The brain (specifically, the olfactory bulb and olfactory cortex) then looks at the combination of sensory neurons activated at any given time and interprets that pattern in the context of previous patterns that have been experienced and other kinds of available information.

The tiny insects perceive this wide range of chemical cues through a diverse set of olfactory sensory neurons along their antennae.

These samples were collected primarily by Gianluigi Zanusso, M.D., Ph.D., and colleagues at the University of Verona in Italy, who developed the technique of brushing the inside of the nose to collect olfactory neurons connected to the brain.

The researchers also knocked out the olfactory sense neurons in some of the worms.

These were clustered together in the same area of the brain as olfactory memory neurons.

A unique form of carbon dating, made possible by the Cold War, suggests that new neurons rarely survive in the human olfactory bulb after birth

The virus appears to invade the brain by infecting a type of glial cell called olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), which nourish smell - sensing neurons and guide them from the olfactory bulb to their targets in the nervous system.

Rodriguez's team exposed olfactory mouse neurons in the lab to disease - causing bacteria and the urine of sick mice.

The scans revealed different patterns of activity in the secondary olfactory cortex — a collection of neurons that mediate pleasant sensory responses to smells and tastes.

Tissue at the top of the nasal passages contains both olfactory stem cells and «olfactory ensheathing cells», which support and guide the growth of the neurons.

As in mammalian olfactory systems, sensory neurons responsive to the same kinds of odors converge in a spherical structure called the glomerulus.

Now, Minghong Ma, PhD, a professor of Neuroscience in the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, and Penn doctoral student Andrew Moberly, have added neurons associated with the olfactory system to the connection between behavior and breathing.

In another study of mice injected with GDF11, postdoc Lida Katsimpardi and others in the lab of Harvard neuroscientist Lee Rubin found that GDF11 also encourages growth of new blood vessels and olfactory neurons in the mouse brain.

The pattern of activity of all sensory neurons in the olfactory system allows us to distinguish between different odors present in the environment.

Nobel Prize - winning work back in 1991 showed that, in mammals, each sensory neuron in the main olfactory system expresses one type of G - protein coupled receptor (GPCR), which is specialized to detect a specific type of odor.

This visual abstract depicts the discovery that chemosensory receptors in a subset of mammalian olfactory sensing neurons are structurally distinct from GPCRs, and multiple subtypes are expressed per neuron, implying an unexpected mechanism for olfactory detection and decoding.

Now, using a novel PET radiotracer called Neuroflux, a team of researchers from the Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and the MassGeneral Institute of Neurodegenerative Disease has found a way to quantify olfactory sensory neurons and thus improve measurements of olfactory health.

In the new study, Datta and his team discovered that necklace neurons in mice do not express GPCRs, unlike all other types of olfactory sensory neurons in mammals.

«Novel radiotracer measures olfactory neurons in animal models: Tracking deterioration in sense of smell could provide early diagnosis of neurodegenerative disease.»

Moreover, each necklace neuron expresses multiple types of MS4A receptors, in stark contrast to the one - receptor - per - neuron rule that organizes insect and other mammalian olfactory systems.

Using this imaging technology, we may be able to capture more precise and objective measurements of olfactory dysfunction and better understand how changes in these sensory neurons relate to overall health and neurodegeneration in the brain.»

Kenyon cells make up only about 4 % of the entire fly brain and are extremely sensitive to inputs triggered by odors, in which only two connections between neurons, called synapses, separate them from the receptor cells at the «front end» of the olfactory system.

Research conducted by Dr Bill Dew at the University of Lethbridge in Canada looked for the first time at the effect of the metal contaminants nickel and copper on specific fish olfactory sensory neurons, and how these affect the fish's ability to detect and swim away from an odour released by other fish of the same species (conspecifics) when a predator attack takes place.

The olfactory neurons involved in the perception of these volatiles have now been discovered to be located on the Manduca proboscis.

Albeanu and colleagues, including Arkarup Banerjee and Fred Marbach, graduate students in the Watson School for Biological Sciences at CSHL and co-first authors of the Neuron paper, conducted experiments in living animals that revealed a mechanism for adjusting olfactory signal gain.

Paying attention to the fact that each olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) expresses an OR, Shun «ichi Kuroda, Professor and Nobuo Yoshimoto, Specially Appointed Associate Professor at the Department of Biomolecular Science and Reaction, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University in cooperation with Masato Suzuki, Chief Researcher, Advanced Research Division, Panasonic Corporation made a system in which OSNs from mice were applied to a microchamber array on a microscope slide and fluorescence was yielded when ORs responded to odorants.

The team was able to view the responses of tens of neurons at a time to signals arriving in the olfactory bulb from the mouse's odor detectors, called olfactory sensory neurons, located in the nose.

Published in Neuron, scientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) report their discovery of a neural circuit in the mouse olfactory bulb that explains how our mammalian cousins (and by extension, we) are able to adjust the gain on intense odors.

In the new study, the researchers ran a fiber optic scope straight up patients» noses to the very top of the nasal cavity where olfactory neurons are located.

The scientists focused on the production of new neurons in adult mice, in particular those neurons that integrate into the olfactory bulb, the brain region responsible for analyzing odors.

Caffeine potentiated responses of mushroom body neurons involved in olfactory learning and memory by acting as an adenosine receptor antagonist.

For example, they believe a lot of smelly chemicals — those that trigger olfactory neurons — are tied to the many stages of ripening and rotting organic materials.

Damage to the olfactory receptor neurons because of a respiratory infection, a head injury or a neurodegenerative disease can disrupt the brain's ability to process different smells.

Normal mice with p16 had fewer neural stem cells in one part of the brain and fewer new neurons in the olfactory bulb, again demonstrating p16's ability to inhibit regeneration.

The isoforms beta ARK - 2 and beta - arrestin - 2 are highly enriched in and localized to the dendritic knobs and cilia of the olfactory receptor neurons where the initial events of olfactory signal transduction occur.

Olfactory cells in the nose are unusual in that they are part of the body's outer layer, or epithelium, but also part of the nervous system, incorporating neurons that connect directly with the smell centers in the brain.

Like the insect equivalent of a nose, these sensilla house olfactory neurons.

They then tracked neurons as they migrated from region to region of the brain and found that new neurons oriented in the direction of fluid flow rather than the direction of their ultimate destination in the olfactory bulb.

Whereas 65 percent of new neurons in wild mice ended up in the olfactory bulb, little more than 9 percent of the mutants» neurons were able to complete the journey.