The goal of this activity is to educate pharmacists and pharmacy technicians about identifying the risks and benefits
of opioid therapy and improving its long - term safety.
A: The chronic use
of opioid therapy to treat noncancer pain syndromes, such as headache and low - back pain, and arthritis, continues to be controversial.
The CDC offers several resources to help physicians in primary care practice navigate pain management and tapering
of opioid therapy.
Not exact matches
Last year, the CDC recommended that patients be tested when they begin
opioid therapy and that long - term users be checked annually, though it left further testing decisions to the discretion
of the health practitioner.
Groups is very simple: For $ 65 a week, it offers group
therapy in areas plagued by
opioid addiction — targeting towns with fewer than 10,000 residents and little access to recovery programs — so people at different stages
of recovery can learn from one another.
The above considerations seem to support the view that, as patients, perhaps each
of us has an obligation not to request or demand
opioid therapy, and to resist if offered.
None
of this means, however, that we should accept further marginalization
of pain and
opioid therapy patients.
SiteOne is dedicated to developing novel pain therapeutics to safely, effectively and efficiently treat acute and chronic pain without the limitations
of existing pain
therapies, such as NSAIDs or
opioids.
Among other initiatives needed are more rigorous analysis
of the potency
of illicit drugs being sold on the streets, information campaigns to inform the public
of the analyses results and likely dangers, more treatment
therapies to ease withdrawal symptoms, programs to get primary care doctors to treat and screen for addictions and wider distribution
of Naltrexone, which can reverse an
opioid overdose, said Ciccarone.
Hep C patients being treated for
opioid addiction achieved high rates
of sustained virologic response after 12 weeks
of therapy with elbasvir - grazoprevir compared to those taking placebo for 12 weeks before beginning the drug treatment.
Expert guidelines recommend reducing or discontinuing long - term
opioid therapy when risks outweigh the benefits, but evidence on the effects
of dose reduction on patient outcomes had not been systematically reviewed.
«Countries using these measures should instead increase the availability
of proven
opioid - agonist
therapies, such as methadone, and ensure there is adequate access to voluntary treatment programs in community settings and facilitate people with
opioid addiction to seek treatment.»
People with chronic
opioid use disorders are more likely to relapse and do so sooner if they are treated in a compulsory drug detention centre rather than a voluntary drug treatment centre using methadone maintenance
therapy, according to the first study comparing the outcome
of both approaches published in The Lancet Global Health.
The CO-STAR (Hepatitis C Patients on
Opioid Substitution
Therapy Antiviral Response) trial sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety
of elbasvir - grazoprevir for injection drug users.
Dose reduction may improve pain, function, and quality
of life for patients prescribed long - term
opioid therapy for chronic pain.
Researchers at the Veterans Health Administration conducted a systematic review
of 67 published studies to determine the effectiveness
of strategies to reduce or discontinue long - term
opioid therapy prescribed for chronic pain and the effect
of dose reduction or discontinuation on important patient outcomes.
If future similar studies can further expand and eventually provide a brain - based predictive best -
therapy option for individual patients, it would dramatically decrease unnecessary exposure
of patients to ineffective
therapies and decrease the duration and magnitude
of pain suffering and
opioid use, Baliki and Apkarian said.
For the 12 - week, $ 170,000 pilot project, which is funded by the National Institutes
of Health (NIH) and will begin later this month, Young's team plans to recruit about 60 patients from the Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center who are experiencing chronic pain, are on long - term
opioid therapy, and have reported other behaviors — such as drug or alcohol abuse — that put them at high risk
of addiction.
The study, «Acceptance and Commitment
Therapy to Manage Pain and
Opioid Use after Major Surgery: Preliminary Outcomes from the Toronto General Hospital Transitional Pain Service,» is published in the Canadian Journal
of Pain, by first author Muhammad Azam, Ph.D. candidate at York University and senior authors Dr. Joel Katz, Affiliate Scientist, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI) and Dr. Hance Clarke, Director
of the Transitional Pain Service at TGH, UHN and Clinical Researcher, TGHRI.
The interim
therapy could help protect patients from the potentially fatal dangers
of illegal
opioid use by safely and responsibly providing medication while they await more intensive treatment.
The three regions worldwide with the highest populations
of people who inject drugs, east and south - east Asia, Eastern Europe and North America, all had poor provision
of needle syringe programs and
opioid substitution
therapy.
Just over half (52 per cent)
of the countries with evidence
of injecting drug use had needle syringe programs and medical treatment to encourage reductions in injecting —
opioid substitution
therapy — was available in less than half
of all countries identified (48 per cent).
Charged with providing access to treatment programs, SAMHSA is encouraging medication - assisted
therapy through the Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment Block Grant as well as regulatory oversight
of medications used to treat
opioid addiction.
The article describes how HHS agencies are collaborating with public and private stakeholders to expand access to and improve utilization
of medication - assisted
therapies, in tandem with other targeted approaches to reducing
opioid overdoses.
«Appropriate access to medication - assisted
therapies under Medicaid is a key piece
of the strategy to address the rising rate
of death from overdoses
of prescription
opioids,» said co-author Stephen Cha, M.D., M.H.S., chief medical officer for the Center for Medicaid and CHIP [Children's Health Insurance Program] Services at CMS.
«When prescribed and monitored properly, medications such as methadone, buprenorphine, or naltrexone are safe and cost - effective components
of opioid addiction treatment,» said lead author and NIDA director Nora D. Volkow, M.D. «These medications can improve lives and reduce the risk
of overdose, yet medication - assisted
therapies are markedly underutilized.»
Current
therapies are largely ineffective, or can have significant side effects or potential for abuse, since most contain
opioids or opiate - derivatives,» commented Jacky Smith, M.B., Ch.B., MRCP, Ph.D., lead author
of the Lancet article, and professor and honorary consultant in Respiratory Medicine, University
of Manchester and University Hospital Manchester NHS Foundation Trust.
«Due to increasing concerns about the risks
of long - term
opioid therapy for chronic pain and limited evidence as to their benefit, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released its Guideline for Prescribing
Opioids for Chronic Pain in 2016,» said Merlin, who completed this research while at the University
of Alabama at Birmingham.
For people, substitution
therapies, which include slow acting
opioids (methadone),
opioids that produce a partial biological response (buprenorphine) or antagonists that block the
opioid receptor (naloxone), are the only available treatments for
opioid addiction are often leading to high rates
of relapse.
The researchers» analysis revealed that
opioid - related ICU admissions increased an average
of more than half a percent each year over the seven - year study period and that patients admitted to ICUs as a result
of overdose required increasingly intensive care, including high - cost renal replacement
therapy or dialysis.
Eighty - one (94 percent)
of the mothers were receiving
opioid substitution
therapy from the first trimester, with 17 (20 percent) relapsing into illicit drug use during the third trimester.
For treating patients with prescription
opioid dependence in primary care, buprenorphine maintenance
therapy is superior to detoxification, according to a new study by Yale School
of Medicine researchers published in the Oct. 20 issue
of JAMA Internal Medicine.
«The risk - to - benefit ratio
of opioid and non-
opioid therapy should be considered for all patients in determining the best initial management strategy,» said Herzig.
Alternative strategies — from physical
therapy and behavioral interventions to psychological counseling and surgery — can mitigate chronic pain without the dangers
of opioids.
Watkins» work with glia, for example, has indicated that long - term
opioid therapy may have an effect similar to that
of chronic inflammation, causing glial cells to release an excess
of cytokines that actually reduce the drug's effectiveness in blocking pain.
He has authored over 300 publications, including several books, and is the recipient
of numerous National Institutes
of Health grants for developing integrated group
therapy, as well as leading a multisite treatment study
of prescription
opioid dependence.
As Professor Grace says: «I hope that it'll get people to really question what the benefit
of long - term
opioid therapy might be.»
«This project was selected for PCORI funding for its potential to fill an important gap in our understanding
of long - term
opioid therapy and to give people living with chronic pain useful information to help them weigh the effectiveness and safety
of their care options,» said PCORI executive director Joe Selby, MD, MPH.
There is a shortage
of high - quality evidence demonstrating the safety and effectiveness
of long - term
opioid therapy for the management
of chronic pain, and to date, no large - scale studies have assessed strategies for managing and reducing chronic
opioid use in real - world clinical settings.
If an
opioid is being considered for that patient, then the structure
of the
therapy should be very defined and very rigid, it might include any or all
of the following.
Loggia said that means a lot
of the focus has been placed on pain management, with patients turning to interventions such as painkillers (
opioids) as well as yoga and cognitive behavioral
therapy.
The task force states not only that acupuncture should be recommended before
opioids are prescribed, but that it is also an effective «adjunctive
therapy» in the treatment
of opiate dependency.
The mechanisms by which low - level laser
therapy (LLLT) decreases pain include release
of endogenous
opioids, changes in conduction latencies
of nerves, increased cellular metabolism, increased circulation, promotion
of neovascularization, decreased fibrosis formation, and reduction
of inflammation.30 Feline conditions that respond well to LLLT include osteoarthritis, degenerative lumbosacral stenosis, fractures, chronic wounds, and stomatitis.31 Most cats tolerate LLLT well, as it is not painful and can be delivered in a relatively short time (FIGURE 2).31
The letter raises urgent concerns about woefully inadequate resources and the abrupt and inhumane discontinuation
of medication for patients who do receive
Opioid Substitution
Therapy.
This policy statement from the AAP advocates a public health response to the
opioid epidemic and substance use during pregnancy, and recommends: a focus on preventing unintended pregnancies and improving access to contraception; universal screening for alcohol and other drug use in women
of childbearing age; knowledge and informed consent
of maternal drug testing and reporting practices; improved access to prenatal care, including
opioid replacement
therapy; gender - specific substance use treatment programs; and improved funding for social services and child welfare systems.
Opioid substation
therapy has become more available for those who are drug dependent, and continuous from prison to the community as an effective way to reduce risk
of post-release death.
He says: The solution to changing the illegal or unhealthy ritualized compulsive comfort - seeking behavior
of opioid addiction is to address a person's adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) individually and in group
therapy; treat people with respect; provide medication assistance in the form
of buprenorphine, an
opioid used to treat
opioid addiction; and help them find a ritualized compulsive comfort - seeking behavior that won't kill them or put them in jail.