Sentences with phrase «of other climate variables»

Since then, anthropogenic influence has also been identified in a range of other climate variables, such as ocean heat content, atmospheric pressure and sea ice extent, thereby contributing further evidence of an anthropogenic influence on climate, and improving confidence in climate models.

Not exact matches

First of all: Every Vertical Farm is different and Construction and Operation costs depend on city location, availability, technology used, local laws and Policy, energy source, climate, type of building and many other variables.

When modelers want to predict the future movement of a particular species, they first establish a set of conditions — in terms of climate, soil quality and other variables — under which that species is likely to thrive.

But this phenomenon, called «upwelling» has a very variable intensity due to the variability of the currents in the Pacific Basin, to which other ocean and climate forcing mechanisms are added.

The new IRI director, Brazilian meteorologist Antonio Divino Moura, and his 15 to 20 staff scientists will use supercomputers to develop global projections of several months or more of precipitation, temperature, and other climate variables, says Scripps climate scientist Nicholas Graham.

Scientists have developed and used Global Climate Models (GCMs) to simulate the global climate and make projections of future AT and other climatic variables under different carbon emission scenarios in the 21st cClimate Models (GCMs) to simulate the global climate and make projections of future AT and other climatic variables under different carbon emission scenarios in the 21st cclimate and make projections of future AT and other climatic variables under different carbon emission scenarios in the 21st century.

As discussed throughout this assessment, the interplay of many variables complicates differentiation of the effects of climate change from other driving factors.

We employed 20 individual GCMs from the CMIP5 project for the Montana Climate Assessment ensemble, chosen because they provide daily outputs and a range of important climate variables.9 For this first Montana Climate Assessment, we are only using climate variables of temperature and precipitation (later assessment may evaluate other important variables such as wind and relative humClimate Assessment ensemble, chosen because they provide daily outputs and a range of important climate variables.9 For this first Montana Climate Assessment, we are only using climate variables of temperature and precipitation (later assessment may evaluate other important variables such as wind and relative humclimate variables.9 For this first Montana Climate Assessment, we are only using climate variables of temperature and precipitation (later assessment may evaluate other important variables such as wind and relative humClimate Assessment, we are only using climate variables of temperature and precipitation (later assessment may evaluate other important variables such as wind and relative humclimate variables of temperature and precipitation (later assessment may evaluate other important variables such as wind and relative humidity).

In No Small Change: Targeting Money Toward Student Performance, researchers analyze more than 100 variables before they grade states from A to F on four major categories: the rigor and clarity of the state's standards in core subjects; its efforts to improve teacher quality; its school climate as measured by absenteeism, school safety, parental involvement, character education, and other variables; and the extent to which it provides resources equitably.

Other Installed Mechanical Features Include Push Button Start, Heated Mirrors, Power Windows, Power Mirrors, Traction Control, Front Wheel Drive, a Power Sliding Passenger Door, Power Locks, Disc Brakes, a Tire Pressure Monitoring System, Cruise Control, a Third Passenger Door, a Telescoping Wheel, Intermittent Wipers, a Rear Window Wiper, a Tachometer, a Trip Computer, Variable Speed Intermittent Wipers, Remote Trunk Release, and Power Steering INTERIOR OPTIONS: Delaware, Westerville & Marysville new car shoppers are lighting up the phones at our Deleware, OH dealership over these interior options: Automatic Climate Control, an Overhead Console, a Compass, a Power Drivers Seat, an Adjustable Lumbar Seat (s), Cloth Seats, Bucket Seats, a Driver Illuminated Vanity Mirror, Air Conditioning, an Adjustable Steering Wheel, Illuminated entry, a Passenger Illuminated Visor Mirror, a Tilt Steering Wheel, Floor Mats, Vanity Mirrors, a Rear Window Defroster, and a Split Folding Rear Seat EXTERIOR OPTIONS: From Marysville to Marion you'll arrive in style with exterior options like: FOG LAMPS, Aluminum Wheels, a Fourth Passenger Door, Privacy Glass, a Cargo / Bed Lamp, a Power Fourth Passenger Door, an Auto Headlamp, and a Spoiler / Ground Effects SAFETY OPTIONS: Whether steering your way to work in Westerville or soccer practice in Scioto County, you'll enjoy peace of mind with the following safety equipment options: Electronic Stability Control, Rear Parking Aid, Back - Up Sensors, Brake Assist, Daytime Running Lights, Delay - off headlights, Knee AirBag, Occupant sensing airbag, a Drivers Air Bag, Overhead airbag, a Rear Head Air Bag, Anti-Lock Brakes, a Passenger Air Bag Sensor, a Front Side Air Bags, a Front Head Air Bag, Child Proof Locks, and a Passenger Air Bag DISCLAIMER: Sales Tax, Title, License Fee, Registration Fee, $ 250 Dealer Documentary Fee, Finance Charges, Emission Testing Fees and Compliance Fees are additional to the advertised price.

And more!KEY FEATURES INCLUDELeather Seats, Sunroof, Keyless Start.OPTION PACKAGESF SPORT PACKAGE larger front brakes w / hi - friction pads, aluminum pedals and Variable Gear Ratio Steering (VGRS), F - Sport Tuned Adaptive Variable Suspension (AVS), sport S mode, Rear Lip Spoiler, Front Sport Seats, 16 - way power driver seat w / power side bolsters, thigh support and 4 - way lumbar, Temp Spare Aluminum Wheel, F Sport Door Scuff Plates, Striated Aluminum Interior Trim, Premium Package, Power Rear Sunshade, Rain Sensing Wipers, Heated / Ventilated Front Seats, Climate Concierge, F Sport Front Bumper & Rear Lower Valence, F Sport Mesh Front Grille Inserts, Wheels 19 Split 5 - Spoke Staggered width, Tires P235 / 40R19 Fr & P265 / 35R19 Rr Summer, Perforated Leather Sport Steering Wheel, Black Headliner, LEXUS HDD NAVIGATION SYSTEM 12.3 high resolution screen, Lexus Enform w / SafetyConnect automatic collision notification, stolen vehicle location, emergency assist button (SOS), enhanced roadside assistance, destination assist, eDestination Remote Trunk Release, Keyless Entry, Steering Wheel Controls, Child Safety Locks, Heated Mirrors, Electronic Stability Control, Electrochromic rearview mirror.WHY BUY FROM USDCH Lexus of Santa Barbara offers a car - buying experience like no other.

Other Installed Mechanical Features Include Power Windows, Heated Mirrors, Traction Control, Power Locks, Power Mirrors, a Power Passenger Seat, Disc Brakes, a Tire Pressure Monitoring System, a Locking Rear Differential, a Telescoping Wheel, Cruise Control, Intermittent Wipers, a Rear Window Wiper, a Trip Computer, a Spare Tire (Small Size), Variable Speed Intermittent Wipers, Power Steering, a Tachometer, Remote Trunk Release, Tires - Rear Performance, and Tires - Front Performance * INTERIOR OPTIONS: * Delaware, Westerville & Marysville used car shoppers are lighting up the phones at our Deleware, OH dealership over these interior options: Dual Power Seats, Automatic Climate Control, a Compass, a Power Drivers Seat, an Overhead Console, an Adjustable Lumbar Seat (s), a Cargo Shade, a Leather Wrapped Steering Wheel, Bucket Seats, a Pass - Through Rear Seat, Air Conditioning, Illuminated entry, an Adjustable Steering Wheel, a Driver Illuminated Vanity Mirror, Rear seat center armrest, a Passenger Illuminated Visor Mirror, Vanity Mirrors, Floor Mats, a Bench Seat, a Split Folding Rear Seat, a Tilt Steering Wheel, and a Rear Window Defroster * EXTERIOR OPTIONS: * From Marysville to Marion you'll arrive in style with exterior options like: FOG LAMPS, Aluminum Wheels, a Cargo / Bed Lamp, Privacy Glass, an Auto Headlamp, and a Spoiler / Ground Effects * SAFETY OPTIONS: * Whether steering your way to work in Westerville or soccer practice in Scioto County, you'll enjoy peace of mind with the following safety equipment options: Xenon Headlamps, HID Headlamps, Electronic Stability Control, Side Mirror Turn Signals, a Rain Sensing Windshield Wipers, Daytime Running Lights, Brake Assist, Integrated Turn Signal Mirrors, Overhead airbag, Delay - off headlights, Occupant sensing airbag, Auto Leveling Headlights, a Rear Head Air Bag, Anti-Lock Brakes, a Drivers Air Bag, an Auto Dimming R / V Mirror, a Front Side Air Bags, a Passenger Air Bag Sensor, Child Proof Locks, a Front Head Air Bag, and a Passenger Air Bag * DISCLAIMER: * Sales Tax, Title, License Fee, Registration Fee, $ 250 Dealer Documentary Fee, Finance Charges, Emission Testing Fees and

Other Installed Mechanical Features Include Heated Mirrors, Power Windows, Push Button Start, Traction Control, Power Mirrors, Power Locks, a Power Passenger Seat, a Tire Pressure Monitoring System, a Locking Rear Differential, Cruise Control, a Telescoping Wheel, Disc Brakes, a Rear Window Wiper, Intermittent Wipers, Variable Speed Intermittent Wipers, Tires - Rear Performance, a Trip Computer, Power Steering, a Tachometer, a Spare Tire (Small Size), Tires - Front Performance, and Remote Trunk Release * INTERIOR OPTIONS: * Delaware, Westerville & Marysville used car shoppers are lighting up the phones at our Deleware, OH dealership over these interior options: Dual Power Seats, Automatic Climate Control, an Overhead Console, a Power Drivers Seat, an Adjustable Lumbar Seat (s), a Compass, a Leather Wrapped Steering Wheel, a Cargo Shade, a Driver Illuminated Vanity Mirror, a Pass - Through Rear Seat, Bucket Seats, an Adjustable Steering Wheel, Illuminated entry, Air Conditioning, Rear seat center armrest, a Passenger Illuminated Visor Mirror, Vanity Mirrors, Floor Mats, a Tilt Steering Wheel, a Bench Seat, a Rear Window Defroster, and a Split Folding Rear Seat * EXTERIOR OPTIONS: * From Marysville to Marion you'll arrive in style with exterior options like: FOG LAMPS, Aluminum Wheels, a Trailer Hitch Receiver, Privacy Glass, a Cargo / Bed Lamp, an Auto Headlamp, and a Spoiler / Ground Effects * SAFETY OPTIONS: * Whether steering your way to work in Westerville or soccer practice in Scioto County, you'll enjoy peace of mind with the following safety equipment options: HID Headlamps, Xenon Headlamps, Electronic Stability Control, a Rain Sensing Windshield Wipers, Side Mirror Turn Signals, Brake Assist, Daytime Running Lights, Integrated Turn Signal Mirrors, a Rear Head Air Bag, Anti-Lock Brakes, a Drivers Air Bag, Delay - off headlights, Occupant sensing airbag, Auto Leveling Headlights, Overhead airbag, an Auto Dimming R / V Mirror, a Front Head Air Bag, a

Options: Engine: 3.5 L V6 Ecoboost - Inc: Auto Start - Stop Technology Gvwr: 6 750 Lbs Payload Package Integrated Trailer Brake Controller Electronic Locking W / 3.55 Axle Ratio Transmission: Electronic 10 - Speed Automatic - Inc: Selectable Drive Modes: Normal / Tow - Haul / Snow - Wet / Ecoselect / Sport (Std) Equipment Group 501A Mid - Inc: Reverse Sensing System Universal Garage Door Opener Blind Spot Information System (Blis) Cross-Traffic Alert And Trailer Tow Monitoring (Blis Sensor In Led Taillamp) 110V / 400W Outlet Power Glass Sideview Mirr W / Body - Color Skull Caps Power - Folding Heat Turn Signal Memory And Auto - Dimming Feature (Driver's Side) Remote Start System W / Remote Tailgate Release Led Sideview Mirror Spotlights High - Intensity Led Security Approach Lamps Trailer Tow Package - Inc: Towing Capability Up To 11 100 Lbs Higher - Capacity Radiator Pro Trailer Backup Assist Higher - Power Cooling Fans Upgraded Front Stabilizer Bar Wheels: 20 6 - Spoke Premium Painted Aluminum Front License Plate Bracket - Inc: Standard In States Requiring 2 License Plates Optional To All Others Voice - Activated Touchscreen Navigation System - Inc: Pinch - To - Zoom Capability Siriusxm Traffic And Travel Link Note: Siriusxm Traffic And Travel Link Includes A 5 - Year Prepaid Subscription Siriusxm Traffic And Travel Link Service Is Not Available In Alaska Or Hawaii Siriusxm Audio And Data Services Each Require A Subscription Sold Separately Or As A Package By Sirius Xm Radio Inc If You Decide To Continue Service After Your Trail The Subscription Plan You Choose Will Automatically Renew Thereafter And You Will Be Charged According To Your Chosen Payment Method At Then - Current Rates Fees And Taxes Apply To Cancel You Must Call Siriusxm At 1 - See Siriusxm Customer Agreement For Complete Terms At All Fees And Programming Subject To Change Sirius Xm And All Related Marks And Logos Are The Trademarks Of Sirius Xm Radio Inc Extended Range 36 Gallon Fuel Tank Tires: P275 / 55R20 Bsw A / S - Inc: 245 / 70R17 All - Season Spare Tire Lead Foot Lariat Sport Appearance Package - Inc: Unique Interior Finish Box Side Decals Accent - Color Angular Step Bars 2 - Bar Body - Color Grille W / 4 Minor Bars Black Surround And Black Mesh Body - Color Front & Rear Bumpers Wheels: 18 6 - Spoke Machined - Aluminum Magnetic Painted Pockets Single - Tip Chrome Exhaust Turbocharged Rear Wheel Drive Power Steering Abs 4 - Wheel Disc Brakes Brake Assist Aluminum Wheels Tires - Front All - Season Tires - Rear All - Season Conventional Spare Tire Heated Mirrors Power Mirror (S) Integrated Turn Signal Mirrors Power Folding Mirrors Rear Defrost Intermittent Wipers Variable Speed Intermittent Wipers Privacy Glass Power Door Locks Daytime Running Lights Automatic Headlights Fog Lamps Am / Fm Stereo Cd Player Satellite Radio Mp3 Player Auxiliary Audio Input Bluetooth Connection Power Driver Seat Power Passenger Seat Leather Seats Split Bench Seat Heated Front Seat (S) Driver Adjustable Lumbar Passenger Adjustable Lumbar Seat Memory Cooled Front Seat (S) Pass - Through Rear Seat Rear Bench Seat Adjustable Steering Wheel Trip Computer Power Windows Wifi Hotspot Leather Steering Wheel Keyless Entry Keyless Start Cruise Control Climate Control Multi-Zone A / C Woodgrain Interior Trim Auto - Dimming Rearview Mirror Driver Vanity Mirror Passenger Vanity Mirror Driver Illuminated Vanity Mirror Passenger Illuminated Visor Mirror Floor Mats Mirror Memory Steering Wheel Audio Controls Smart Device Integration Adjustable Pedals Engine Immobilizer Security System Traction Control Stability Control Front Side Air Bag Tire Pressure Monitor Driver Air Bag Passenger Air Bag Passenger Air Bag Sensor Front Head Air Bag Rear Head Air Bag Child Safety Locks Back - Up Camera

Other Installed Mechanical Features Include Heated Mirrors, Power Windows, Traction Control, a Spare Tire (Full Size), Rear Wheel Drive, Power Mirrors, Power Locks, Front Tow Hooks, a Telescoping Wheel, Cruise Control, Disc Brakes, a Tire Pressure Monitoring System, Intermittent Wipers, a Rear Window Wiper, Variable Speed Intermittent Wipers, a Trip Computer, and a Tachometer * INTERIOR OPTIONS: * New Albany, Gahanna & Westerville, OH used car shoppers are lighting up the phones at our Georgesville, OH dealership over these interior options: Automatic Climate Control, a Sunroof, an Overhead Console, an Adjustable Lumbar Seat (s), Power Moonroof, a Power Drivers Seat, a Pass - Through Rear Seat, Air Conditioning, Illuminated entry, Rear seat center armrest, a Rear Window Defroster, a Tilt Steering Wheel, Vanity Mirrors, a Bench Seat, and a Split Folding Rear Seat * EXTERIOR OPTIONS: * Whether driving to From New Albany to Westerville, you'll arrive in style with exterior options like: a Roof / Luggage Rack, Fog Lights, a Trailer Hitch Receiver, Privacy Glass, an Auto Headlamp, and a Spoiler / Ground Effects * SAFETY OPTIONS: * Whether making a cross-town Columbus commute from Worthington to Grove City or car pooling precious cargo to after school sports practice, you'll enjoy peace of mind with the following safety equipment options: Electronic Stability Control, Brake Assist, Daytime Running Lights, Delay - off headlights, Overhead airbag, a Rear Head Air Bag, Occupant sensing airbag, Knee AirBag, Anti-Lock Brakes, Child Proof Locks, a Front Side Air Bags, and a Front Head Air Bag * Used Cars Columbus Ohio: * with over 216 used cars for sale at our Columbus, Ohio Toyota dealership.

The problem here is that the «forcings» are in fact some other inherent variables of the very same climate - bearing system, but there is no clear separation of time scales that allow for any sort of coherent theories like «averaging of fast motion» that results in Landau - Ginzburg - type equations for «slow envelopes».

Moreover, even if methane leakage were to remain modest in some areas, long - term climate models suggest that warming trends have less to do with the rate of methane leakage and more to do with other variables, such as the thermal efficiency of future coal plants and whether the switch to gas is permanent or a bridge to zero - carbon energy.

Given that the other important variables (sea surface temps, depth of the warm layer, and atmospheric moisture) are all predicted to increase, it seems hard to make the claim that tropical cyclones will be unchanged, just as it seemed unwise to claim that Lyman et al's «Recent cooling of the upper oceans» meant that climate models had fatal flaws.

No reasonable person would consider the CO2 as independent bifurcation parameter since the CO2 is continously produced and consumed in large quantities within the «climate - generating» system depending upon interplay of other variables.

What I mean by climate change One definition of a climate change is a shift in the pdf describing the temperature, precipitation, or some other variable.

a) they don't believe the premise of man - made climate change: they don't think scientific data collected to date is adequate to prove conclusively that any type of man - made event can result in either the recent fluxuations in climate or the anticipated kinds of drastic climate change, therefore CO2 control would be ineffective at solving the problem b) they don't believe CO2 alone is responsible: they think other variables are as or more likely to be the catalysts or causes for the scientific data collected to date on climate change therefore CO2 control would be ineffective at solving the problem c) they believe government efforts to curb CO2 emissions will fail resulting in an unprecedented waste of money and worse economic conditions.

Give me variables totally unrelated to climate and even I can recreate past climate temperature record (or a lot of other past records).

Looking across the totality of the evidence, what we see is that the climate variables tend to be weaker predictors of security troubles than other factors, like ethnic divisions, failed states, war in neighboring states that spills over, etc..

I would also warn you and others readers, though, that it is a subject highly vulnerable to cherry picking, because the consequences are so variable from region to region, crop to crop, and from one level of climate change to another.

Since none of the four models considered by the Mediterranean study consistently out - performed the others in simulating present - day climate, the researchers combined their results to produce a single composite scenario for each climate variable.2 To prevent the GCM with the greatest sensitivity from dominating the scenarios, they first had to standardise the model results.

Carbon dioxide may in fact have very little effect as a control variable in pushing climate to shift state — a small change lost amidst multiple other factors of which clouds, ice, UV and orbital irregularities are the obvious candidates.

No realistic model climate can warm up by 1.1 C without other aspects of the climate also changing.Other variables besides temperature must change.

They receive inputs in the form of information on climate variables and processes, make calculations over a given number of «model - years», and then produce temperatures and other data as sets of numbers on a grid.

First, the project defined the detailed specifications of a global land cover product matching the GCOS requirements (both for itself and as a surrogate for other important climate variables), achievable on a regular basis using the current EO systems and building on the FAO / UNEP LCCS for the sake of compatibility with other land cover products.

If climate sensitivity is a variable and not a constant what can we really learn from paleo data other than what the climate sensitivity was, on average, over an extended period of time?

What I want to say is only that empirical evidence of the type that F+G 06 or any other of these analyses of climate sensitivity or related variables is information on the likelihood function (or equivalently conditional probability), and that this information alone can not provide any PDFs of confidence intervals for the climate sensitivity or a functionally related parameter like Y. To get a PDF or a confidence interval, a prior must be assumed and plausible alternative priors give in this case significantly different results.

In other words, the underlying climate models will have characteristics or variables which will set the overall size of the carbon budget.

Yet Lewandowsky claimed that «Rejection of climate science was strongly associated with endorsement of a laissez - faire view of unregulated free markets `, and that «A second variable that was associated with rejection of climate science as well as other scientific propositions was conspiracist ideation `.

The CERN Cloud study suggests cosmic radiation (variation of which, of course, would depend on other variables — I suppose there is no end to this question unless you believe in a supernatural being that controls it all, and even then you'd have to ask why that supernatural being would choose to make changes in cosmic radiation to determine the independent variable, and of course, then you'd have to ask why that supernatural being was created, etc.) but offers no solid evidence that correlates changes in cosmic radiation to measures of change in our climate.

1) Show us the past literature where clear discernible, unambiguous predictions about the trajectory of all important climate variables such as «global temperature», «global sea level», «global rain fall», «global severe weather events» and other key «global climate» parameters were made.

Mann's «temperature CONCEPTS» are not at all related to Climate as Temperature is variable by processes NOT involved in any direct PRODUCTION of «new or additional» Kinetic Induction within the System, and as such «proxy fabrication» efforts attempting a link of «CO2» (or other «material») variations are not EITHER able to indicate validly the TEMPERATURE of the System nor the «variation trend» linked to induction of Kinetic Energy.

I'm very convinced that the physical process of global warming is continuing, which appears as a statistically significant increase of the global surface and tropospheric temperature anomaly over a time scale of about 20 years and longer and also as trends in other climate variables (e.g., global ocean heat content increase, Arctic and Antarctic ice decrease, mountain glacier decrease on average and others), and I don't see any scientific evidence according to which this trend has been broken, recently.

Is there any evidence of global climate change from some cause other than Earth's variable heat source — the Sun?

Moreover, long - term climate models suggest that warming trends have less to do with the rate of methane leakage and more to do with other variables, such as the thermal efficiency of future coal plants and whether the switch to gas is permanent or a bridge to zero - carbon energy.

Other climate or climate - related variables of importance may include CO2 concentration, sea - ice extent, mean sea level pressure, sea level, and storm surge frequencies.

They deny the hundreds of causes and variables of climate change and pretend CO2 is the «control knob» overriding all the others.»

If you are a scientist or engineer and believe the AGW part of climate change is well described by the models, then I will ask you to explain how the hypothesis is calculated and how independnently validated by others experiments, over the time periods predicted ex ante, not ex post, how the forcing variable from CO2 to water vapour was hypothesisied and then proven.

The most likely candidate for that climatic variable force that comes to mind is solar variability (because I can think of no other force that can change or reverse in a different trend often enough, and quick enough to account for the historical climatic record) and the primary and secondary effects associated with this solar variability which I feel are a significant player in glacial / inter-glacial cycles, counter climatic trends when taken into consideration with these factors which are, land / ocean arrangements, mean land elevation, mean magnetic field strength of the earth (magnetic excursions), the mean state of the climate (average global temperature), the initial state of the earth's climate (how close to interglacial - glacial threshold condition it is) the state of random terrestrial (violent volcanic eruption, or a random atmospheric circulation / oceanic pattern that feeds upon itself possibly) / extra terrestrial events (super-nova in vicinity of earth or a random impact) along with Milankovitch Cycles.

There is currently less skill in predicting precipitation and other variables compared to temperature although progress is expected to be made as a consequence of the Decadal Climate Prediction Project (DCPP) and other projects and investigations.

ECMWF's approach to reanalysis combines measurements of temperature and other meteorological variables with a global weather model to provide a complete picture of the regional patterns of climate.

«Having only looked at temperature so far, we plan to assess the skill of other climate - impact related variables, particularly precipitation, river flow, drought, sea level, crop growth and storms,» said Smith.

The other important variable used in the model is the climate sensitivity, which varies between 2.0 and 4.5 °C for a doubling of atmospheric CO2, with a central value of 3.0 °C.

There is no reasonalbe explanation for why anyone would deny Earth's climate is the result of the holistic process we call nature and certainly no non-political explanation other than superstition or ignorance why and federal climatist would believe that a monophysical element like CO2 with properties as we observe on Earth could ever possible explain global warming — especially when we know that the Sun is the only independent variable that nominally explains both global warming and cooling.

But the important problem for modern climate science is to predict and to measure the response of other atmospheric variables (temperature, humidity and cloud) to a climate forcing.

But the only difference between A, B, and C were not the model assumptions of climate sensitivity or any other variable — they only differed in the amount of Co2 growth and the number of volcano eruptions (which have a cooling effect via aerosols).