One tiny problem, Skip: according to M&W it's done using isotopes
of oxygen and hydrogen... so, I'm still waiting for a reference.
Who knows, maybe some people read the Wegman Report, look at Table 1, think it actually came as is from Bradley, and confidently write of 1) «ions and isotopes
of oxygen and hydrogen», 2) «speleothrems» and 3) «phonology».
Within these archives, scientists can measure the isotopic ratios
of oxygen and hydrogen to deduce changes over time in the isotopic composition of environmental waters, such as precipitation, seawater, and groundwater.
Soot - Particles formed during the quenching of gases at the outer edge of flames of organic vapors, consisting predominantly of carbon, with lesser amounts
of oxygen and hydrogen present as carboxyl and phenolic groups and exhibiting an imperfect graphitic structure.
Superimposed on that are rectangles showing four steps of photosynthesis in extreme close - up: molecules of water going into the roots; yellow dots of sunlight filling a green chlorophyll vessel; energy emanating from one side of the chlorophyll vessel and splitting the water into two separate streams
of oxygen and hydrogen; and energy emanating from the other side of the chlorophyll vessel, which demonstrates how the sun's energy is «trapped as little packets.»
But in December 2012, when the ice moon was at its farthest point from the gas giant, they caught a pair of plumes bearing clear signs
of oxygen and hydrogen — the components of water vapor — shooting from near the southern pole.
The instrument was «composed of alternate tubs
of oxygen and hydrogen through each of which passes platina foil so as to dip into separate vessels of water acidulated with sulphuric acid.»
The appearance of the plumes in this graphic is based on spectroscopic observations
of oxygen and hydrogen in the auroral emissions.
The team based its analysis on ratios
of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in ice cores drilled in East Antarctica.
When ocean storms bump into mountains, raindrops burdened with heavy isotopes
of oxygen and hydrogen are the first to precipitate.
Using a molecular dynamics code called NAMD, the team ran simulations of the wild lignin and the genetically modified lignin in a water cube, modeling the presence of the aldehydes by altering the partial charges
of the oxygen and hydrogen atoms on the modified lignin's allylic site.
Is it the same kind of language as that in which we say, «The battle of Hastings was fought in 1066» or «Water is composed
of oxygen and hydrogen»?
Not exact matches
The final piece
of the puzzle is the cost
of hydrogen and oxygen.
If humans were not designed by a higher authority, how can each individual's DNA be uniquely different among the human species, especially different than the other animals; how can the life sustaining elements be constantly available
and exist in exact formulations: O, H, C etc. water is always 2 atoms
of Hydrogen and one atom
of Oxygen; sugar, fats, grains,
and any bio-chemical products can be broken down to their simplest forms
of elements, but can be re-constructed with specific (not by chance) formula.
Heaven is that planet 35000 light - years from earth, ten times as big made
of hydrogen and oxygen for water, gold as atmosphere (yes we're taking the gold) But to desist as soul when given the chance in hell if you truly believe seems impassible for me to fathom.
Nor is it particularly important to know the chemical composition
of a man, except for the purposes
of amusing or shocking audiences in popular lectures by telling them that they are so much
hydrogen,
oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, potassium, sulfur,
and so on, worth one dollar
and ninety - eight cents on the current market in chemicals.
All living creatures are organisms or living systems, the essential components
of which are carbon,
hydrogen, nitrogen
and oxygen.
Really easy actually, in an infinate universe, the speed
of gases, for example
hydrogen and oxygen molecules, continues to build there is no «matter» to slow them down.
Physics is sufficiently advanced today to define many substances very perfectly, in their very essence, in terms
of those causes which constitute them,
and in this we see that the active relationship by which, let us say,
oxygen and hydrogen are defined as causes
of water in a given relativity, is an active potency in those causes
of dynamic finality with respect to the composite substance which is water.
According to substance thinking the atoms
of hydrogen and oxygen are unaffected by their combination.
For example, what must be the nature
of physical existents such that the composite, the molecule
of water, not only consists
of one
oxygen atom
and two
hydrogen atoms, but that they are at a particular distance from each other
and in a particular three - dimensional pattern?
To say either should be ignored
and discarded, would be say we must remove the
hydrogen or
oxygen out
of the water, that gives us life by being 90 some percent
of us.
For example, a liver
and a muscle are made up
of the same material constituents -
hydrogen, carbon,
oxygen,
and so on - acting on each other by the same basic forces.
«One
of the proposed scenarios,» comments Romano Corradi, director
of the GTC
and another
of the authors «is the presence
of a component in the gas which is different from that which we normally find, poor in
hydrogen and rich in heavier elements such as
oxygen and carbon.
Once a star's core runs out
of hydrogen, it fuses helium into carbon,
oxygen and nitrogen.
The substance, which consists
of a fluid
of hydrogen ions running through a lattice
of oxygen, was formed by compressing water between two diamonds
and then zapping it with a laser.
There are basically two types
of lines, those produced by collisions between the atoms or ions
and the electrons in the surrounding gas, which are called collision lines,
and which are very bright for elements such as
oxygen, nitrogen
and neon,
and lines which are produced when ions capture free electrons, which are called recombination lines,
and which are bright only for those gases with the highest abundances in the interstellar medium:
hydrogen and helium.
Krissansen - Totton explains in more detail: «Having methane
and carbon dioxide together is unusual, because carbon dioxide is carbon's most oxidized state,
and methane (composed
of a carbon atom linked to four
hydrogen atoms rather than any
oxygen at all) is its least,» he says.
This water glass is carefully crafted to remind you
of the
hydrogen (
and twice the
oxygen) that makes up most
of your body.
The
hydrogen - bearing material is volatile (easily vaporized),
and may be in the form
of water molecules (two
hydrogen atoms bound to an
oxygen atom) or hydroxyl molecules (an
oxygen bound to a
hydrogen) that are loosely bound to the lunar surface.
The components
of water ice —
hydrogen and oxygen atoms — have been around for much
of the universe's history, but
of course it's not water till they're combined.
When
hydrogen and oxygen combine in a planet's atmosphere, they can ignite into a ball
of fire
and then leave behind liquid water oceans that would be good for life
Kesterites acting as photocatalysts might be able to split water into
hydrogen and oxygen using sunlight,
and to store solar energy in the form
of chemical energy,» explains Schorr.
The composition
of these ice cores, especially the presence
of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes, provides a picture
of the climate at the time.
Other elements — typically
oxygen, nitrogen,
and hydrogen — frequently join that carbon spine,
and the choice
and arrangement
of those atoms produces specific varieties
of polymers.
Where the numbers really pile up is in the operation
of Kennedy Space Center, which includes pumping 300,000 gallons
of water to protect the shuttle from launch vibrations, moving the rockets,
and keeping hundreds
of tons
of liquid
oxygen and hydrogen cool.
When Kanzius placed salt water in the path
of the waves, however, the water broke apart into
oxygen and hydrogen, a flammable gas.
Alas, using radio waves to tap
hydrogen and oxygen as a combustible source
of energy is inefficient,
and scientists have so far been unable to adapt the process for energy production.
Hydrogen gas is a promising alternative energy source to overcome our reliance on carbon - based fuels,
and has the benefit
of producing only water when it is reacted with
oxygen.
It uses channels modelled on the bronchial structure
of the lungs to supply
hydrogen and oxygen gas to their respective electrodes.
Kanzius had essentially replicated the centuries - old method
of water electrolysis, separating water into
hydrogen and oxygen gases by running a current through water loaded with salt, which makes it conductive.
Like
hydrogen,
oxygen,
and iodine, nitrogen normally exists as two - atom molecules in the form
of a gas at room temperature.
Every day, he burned through two tall cylinders each
of hydrogen and oxygen.
Dust found in the ice gives a record
of what was in the air thousands
of years ago, whether from volcanic eruptions or human activity,
and the isotopic composition
of the
hydrogen and oxygen molecules in the snow give a record
of the temperature
of the earth at the time.
A low - voltage current applied to the electrodes drives a catalytic reaction that separates molecules
of H2O, releasing bubbles
of hydrogen on one electrode
and oxygen on the other.
Under pressure
and heat, the dead creatures» long chains
of hydrogen,
oxygen,
and carbon - bearing molecules, known as polymers, decompose into short - chain petroleum hydrocarbons.
The technique could be used as a detection sensor for
hydrogen or
oxygen gases as well as for property controls
of organic semiconductors
and organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs).
What differentiates this process from tradition biofuel production is the infusion
of hydrogen — it removes the dilutive
oxygen that most biofuels contain, leaving only the combustible isoparaffins
and paraffins, which are indistinguishable from the molecules in refined petroleum.The only byproduct
of the process is propane, which can be reintroduced into the production loop as a source
of hydrogen.
Ocean water permeating the porous rock
of the core could be exposed to ionizing radiation
and undergo radiolysis, producing molecular
hydrogen and reactive
oxygen compounds.
The finding that cerium oxide may grab
hydrogen as well as
oxygen is promising for efforts to engineer it to catalyze both reactions that cause electron gain («reduction»
of a reactant)
and electron loss («oxidation»).