Sentences with phrase «of ozone amounts»

These observations allow us to provide a continuous long - term record to track the long - term and year - to - year evolution of ozone amounts.

Not exact matches

Photocopiers are a source of potentially deadly ozone if the filter isn't periodically changed, and it's possible that even very small amounts can cause chest pain and irritation.

We need to check and see, for example, whether or not the water they're serving at Molecule has been treated by ultraviolet rays, ozone treatments and reverse osmosis via a machine that costs an unimaginable amount of money.

And while I researched it enough to know that the amount of ozone produced is very minimal and perfectly fine for the average household, I make sure to turn the machine off when it starts the deodorizing cycle, just in case.

However, it blocks the excessive amounts that can harm your child, especially in today's world of global warming and ozone depletion.

«While ozone depletion from dichloromethane is currently quite modest, it is uncertain how the amount of this gas in the atmosphere will change in the future.

The white pixels represent the aerosols (smoke) leftover from the fires, while the green, yellow, and red pixels represent rising amounts of tropospheric ozone (smog).

These hydrocarbons, together with olefinic minor LPG components, furnish substantial amounts of hydroxyl radical reactivity, a major precursor to formation of the ozone component of urban smog.

But in March, researchers with England's University of East Anglia reported finding four new ozone - depleting compounds in the atmosphere — three chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and one hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC)-- amounting to about 81,000 tons.

But the reactive gases emitted by trees can also increase the amounts of ozone and methane, both greenhouse gases which have warming effects on the climate.

That helps explain why the ozone layer is still under attack, even though the amount of airborne chlorine is decreasing.

The researchers found that while the amount of ozone depletion arising from VSLS in the atmosphere today is small compared to that caused by longer - lived gases, such as CFCs, VSLS - driven ozone depletion was found to be almost four times more efficient at influencing climate.

They found that elevated CO2 of 800 ppm, increased pollen production per flower by 53 percent while the different ozone levels had no effect on the amount of pollen produced.

They then compared their yearly September ozone measurements with model simulations that predict ozone levels based on the amount of chlorine that scientists have estimated to be present in the atmosphere from year to year.

Over the last 50 years satellite and ground - based records over Antarctica show ozone column amounts ranging from 100 to 400 Dobson units, which translates to about 1 millimeter (1/25 inch) to 5 millimeters (1/6 inch) of ozone in a layer if all of the ozone were brought down to the surface.

Dobson units are a measure of the overhead amount of atmospheric ozone.

«When we ran these calculations, we found that in some cases, there was a significant amount of ozone that built up in the atmosphere, despite there not being any oxygen flowing into the atmosphere,» said Shawn Domagal - Goldman of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.

However, if the amount of oxygen - consuming gases is vanishingly small, the oxygen and the ozone might stick around for a while.

He adds: «Scientists have been so concerned about ozone depletion that they haven't really thought about what effect such a high ozone level could have — life on Earth needs a certain amount of UV.»

They find that even if ozone - damaging chemicals (chiefly CFCs) are phased out in line with current international agreements, the amount of chlorine - bearing material in the stratosphere will continue to increase for several decades.

Twenty to 40 % of ozone coverage might have been lost — in turn, doubling the amount of UV radiation that reached Earth's surface, the team reports in a paper in press in Gondwana Research.

Because ozone and other constituents absorb light at known wavelengths, the researchers were able to calculate the amount of ozone and other gases.

At precisely these altitudes, the amount of ozone in the stratosphere declined between three and six months after the eruption.

The scientists concluded that as much as 10 per cent of the ozone destroyed so far — which amounts to between 4 and 6 per cent of the preindustrial amount of ozone — has been destroyed by methyl bromide.

When ozone rose to only 20 parts per billion, it took 180 minutes for the same amount of bees to find the scent.

She collected pollen and irradiated it in a lab for 3 minutes with UV light, simulating the amount of UV that can reach the Earth's surface in Patagonia and other regions in the southern hemisphere under the seasonal ozone hole.

Because ozone in the troposphere is a precursor to OH, they deployed weather balloons equipped with measuring devices known as sondes to measure the amount of ozone in the air from the surface to the stratosphere.

Inert gases such as neon (Ne), helium (He), and krypton (Kr) and other constituents such as nitrogen oxides, compounds of sulfur, and compounds of ozone are found in lesser amounts.

A team of researchers from the NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California and the Wageningen University in the Netherlands measured the amount of ozone between 10,000 and 30,000 feet above the Earth's surface.

The transport processes are also very variable from winter to winter and the amount of ozone pumped into the Arctic is also correlated with temperature (this is not a causal relationship — the correlation exists, because variability in temperatures and in ozone transport are both driven by the same atmospheric processes).

[Response: The previous post gives the background for why any particular year has different amounts of ozone loss, and why we anticipated that this year had the potential to be a bad one.

As for # 11, «BTW, the ozone hole over Antarctica is not getting any smaller, despite decreasing amount of chlorohydrocarbons.

BTW, the ozone hole over Antarctica is not getting any smaller, despite decreasing amount of chlorohydrocarbons.

According to a study published in the March 2002 Journal of Geographical Research by a joint research team from the University of Maryland and NASA, overall, the increased amount of CO2 in the atmosphere is speeding up the recovery of the ozone layer — including the hole at the South Pole.

But near the poles and in the upper stratosphere, CO2 is increasing the amount of ozone by preventing nitrogen oxide from breaking it down.

The forcing due to reduced amounts of long lived GHGs (CO2, CH4, N2O) was -3 ± 0.5 W / m2, with the indirect effects of CH4 on tropospheric ozone and stratospheric water vapor included (fig.

In his book «The Way Things Ought To Be» (1993) Limbaugh stretched the facts still further: «Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines spewed forth more than a thousand times the amount of ozone - depleting chemical in one eruption than all the fluorocarbons manufactured by wicked, diabolical, and insensitive corporations in history.»

Cities earn up to two additional points for air quality, as measured by the amount of ground - level ozone and particulate matter its residents are forced to breathe.

«Many photographic artists have switched from toxic chemicals to digital methods that only expose them to a small amount of ozone and particulate from laser printers,» she says, but others continue to use chemically based methods, including a daguerreotype process that produces toxic mercury vapors.

Response # 2: A different (probably equivalent, but I find it easier to understand) explanation is that the stratosphere is heated by absorbing solar / uv by ozone; increasing the amount of CO2 (which is only significantly active in the IR) increases the ability of the stratosphere to lose heat, so it does.

Partial column ozone amounts in this layer declined from an average of 125 Dobson Units in July / August 2006 to 1.5 DU on October 6..

[Response: The previous post gives the background for why any particular year has different amounts of ozone loss, and why we anticipated that this year had the potential to be a bad one.

The transport processes are also very variable from winter to winter and the amount of ozone pumped into the Arctic is also correlated with temperature (this is not a causal relationship — the correlation exists, because variability in temperatures and in ozone transport are both driven by the same atmospheric processes).

RE: Solar Sunshades The number of heavy lift rockets that would have to be launched to deploy the «sunshade in space» would need to be so large that their exhaust emissions into the stratosphere would deplete a significant amount of ozone.

He was satisfied that putting into the stratosphere the same amount of sulfur that Pinatubo did would present minimal risk to the cllimate system, and he said that the effect on the stratosphere's ozone layer is likely to be small.

Ozone amounts in the depletion layer are the lowest seen in the 21 year record of ozone profile measurements at the South Ozone amounts in the depletion layer are the lowest seen in the 21 year record of ozone profile measurements at the South ozone profile measurements at the South Pole.

Crutzen (1970) calculated that even small amounts of nitrates could be important as catalysts; this was independently and explicitly linked to supersonic transports and ozone damage by Johnston (1971).

To enable predictions of future ozone amounts, and to identify whether (and what) action might be needed to prevent further decreases, it is extremely important to understand what is causing the observed downward trend.»

Every increase in ethanol use as fuel will increases the amount of ozone pollution in the United States.

The amount of wave energy that moves up from the troposphere into the lower stratosphere (roughly 17 to 30 km altitude) significantly affects the temperature, and therefore the ozone depletion, at these altitudes, where the bulk of the ozone layer is located.