Sentences with phrase «of ozone in the stratosphere»

Some experts predicted that the depletion of ozone in the stratosphere due to the exhausts from the SST would produce about 10,000 additional cases of skin cancer in the world.

It is therefore very important to consider the effect of solar proton events on the temporal and spatial distribution of ozone in the stratosphere.

The meeting was the first large - scale attempt to bridge the gap between scientists and policymakers on a wide range of atmospheric problems, including not just the greenhouse effect but also acid rain and the depletion of the protective layer of ozone in the stratosphere.

OMPS is a three - part instrument: a nadir mapper that maps ozone, SO2 and aerosols; a nadir profiler that measures the vertical distribution of ozone in the stratosphere; and a limb profiler that measures aerosols in the upper troposphere, stratosphere and mesosphere with high vertical resolution.

At precisely these altitudes, the amount of ozone in the stratosphere declined between three and six months after the eruption.

Dr. Okano is the first to observe height profiles of ozone in the stratosphere from the ground with laser heterodyne spectroscopy.

And, «fluctuation of ozone in the stratosphere is likely a natural phenomenon because solar radiation is a fluctuating event.»

52 • Immune system suppression Natural Capital Degradation Effects of Ozone Depletion Human Health • Worse sunburn • More eye cataracts • More skin cancers • Immune system suppression Food and Forests • Reduced yields for some crops • Reduced seafood supplies from reduced phytoplankton • Decreased forest productivity for UV - sensitive tree species Wildlife • Increased eye cataracts in some species • Decreased population of aquatic species sensitive to UV radiation • Reduced population of surface phytoplankton • Disrupted aquatic food webs from reduced phytoplankton Figure 20.21 Natural capital degradation: expected effects of decreased levels of ozone in the stratosphere.

Destruction of ozone in the stratosphere takes place as quickly as formation of ozone, because the chemical is so reactive.

The presence of a layer of ozone in the stratosphere is the cause of the temperature inversion that forms at the tropopause.

As an example, variations in the flow of both UV radiation and atomic particles that accompany changes in overall solar activity alter the amount of ozone in the stratosphere.

60 • Immune system suppression Natural Capital Degradation Effects of Ozone Depletion Human Health • Worse sunburn • More eye cataracts • More skin cancers • Immune system suppression Food and Forests • Reduced yields for some crops • Reduced seafood supplies from reduced phytoplankton • Decreased forest productivity for UV - sensitive tree species Wildlife • Increased eye cataracts in some species • Decreased population of aquatic species sensitive to UV radiation • Reduced population of surface phytoplankton Figure 20.21 Natural capital degradation: expected effects of decreased levels of ozone in the stratosphere.

Not exact matches

This «would create a persistent layer of black carbon particles in the northern stratosphere that could cause potentially significant changes in the global atmospheric circulation and distributions of ozone and temperature,» they concluded.

It would provide important insight into how much SRM would reduce radiative heating, the concentration of water vapor in the stratosphere, and the processes that determine water vapor transport — which affects the concentration of ozone.

Recently, additional ozone production mechanisms have been proposed to resolve the ozone deficit problem, which arises from greater ozone destruction than production in several photochemical models of the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere.

At present, naturally - emitted VSLS account for around 90 % of the total ozone loss caused by VSLS in the lower stratosphere.

Such sulfuric acid aerosols are already responsible for the bulk of nacreous clouds that form in the polar stratosphere; added particles would just amp up the natural process (although it might also amp up damage the ozone layer).

This is what's known about the dynamics of the stratosphere: Increasing clouds of low - lying ozone, made from the reaction between sunlight and pollution, are showing up in the western U.S. that have little or no industrial activity.

To what extent climate change due to the emission of greenhouse gases may favor the formation of an «ozone hole» in the Arctic stratosphere is an important topic of the POLSTRACC campaign.

And ozone, which forms a beneficial shield against ultraviolet radiation when high in the stratosphere, is an efficient greenhouse gas when it appears at airliner altitudes — as it increasingly does, since it too is a by - product of fossil fuel burning.

The Antarctic ozone hole forms and expands during the Southern Hemisphere spring (August and September) because of the high levels of chemically active forms of chlorine and bromine in the stratosphere.

They point out that the 50 per cent loss of ozone at low altitudes in the stratosphere is equivalent to a 15 per cent loss of total ozone (Nature, vol 259, p 283).

On Earth, temperature inversion occurs because ozone in the stratosphere absorbs much of the sun's ultraviolet radiation, preventing it from reaching the surface, protecting the biosphere, and therefore warming the stratosphere instead.

They fear that similar aerosol already in the northern stratosphere, which came from the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in June 1991, may cause a dramatic loss of ozone in the northern hemisphere next February or March.

Scientists first detected the notorious «ozone hole» over the South Pole 14 years ago, the apparent result of chemical reactions caused by chlorofluorocarbons and other pollutants in the stratosphere.

On the basis of its intended flight route, the Perlan glider might be able to provide the first direct observations of polar stratospheric clouds, a unique type of ice cloud that forms in the polar stratosphere and helps to deplete ozone, Gong adds.

The temperature of the stratosphere is one of the key factors in the springtime depletion of ozone above the Antarctic where in winter it gets colder than anywhere else on Earth, encouraging icy particles to form in polar stratospheric clouds.

For the first time, it has been shown that the rate of ozone depletion in the upper stratosphere — 35 to 45 kilometres up — is slowing down.

Chlorine monoxide, which is produced by a similar series of reactions involving icy particles in the stratosphere, is blamed for the springtime depletion of ozone above Antarctica.

Rumen Bojkov, of the UN's World Meteorological Organization, says this might explain the large losses of ozone observed at lower altitudes in the stratosphere.

Air naturally poor in ozone was, for example, lifted into the lower stratosphere above Britain from the sub-tropical Atlantic, by an unusual pattern of atmospheric circulation.

They find that even if ozone - damaging chemicals (chiefly CFCs) are phased out in line with current international agreements, the amount of chlorine - bearing material in the stratosphere will continue to increase for several decades.

Every day, up to 500 civil aircraft in the corridor burst out of the troposphere and up into the stratosphere, with its fragile ozone layer.

Pollutants that gather from India and China in the lowlands around the mountains can be boosted as high as 18 kilometers, reaching the stratosphere — the atmospheric layer directly above the troposphere that contains most of Earth's ozone.

Unlike ozone in the stratosphere, which benefits life on Earth by blocking ultraviolet radiation from the Sun, ground - level ozone can trigger a number of health problems.

On Earth, ozone absorbs UV in the stratosphere, protecting our world from a lot of the Sun's harmful radiation.

A 20 - year study by German scientists has found that the rate of increase of CFC - 12, a chlorofluorocarbon compound that spawns ozone - destroying reactions in the stratosphere, has slowed since 1990, although absolute levels are still rising.

And it could explain why past studies measured higher than expected levels of ozone - damaging chemicals in the stratosphere, Rex says.

Because ozone in the troposphere is a precursor to OH, they deployed weather balloons equipped with measuring devices known as sondes to measure the amount of ozone in the air from the surface to the stratosphere.

«This is the only long - term data set with regular measurements of ozone - destroying compounds in the stratosphere,» says atmospheric chemist Darin Toohey of the University of California, Irvine.

Because they are released in large quantities from tropical oceans, they are rapidly lofted by tropical thunderstorms into the stratosphere within a month or two where they can destroy ozone for a larger portion of their lifetimes.

- Volcans do not add much in the way of ozone depleting chemicals into the stratosphere.

Stratospheric cooling as a result of excess CO2 does influence ozone recovery, and ozone changes in the troposphere and stratosphere to have effects on radiative balance of the planet.

Temperature inversion in Earth's stratosphere occurs because of the presence of ozone, while on Jupiter and Saturn, it is caused by the presence of hydrocarbons.

Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) are a sign of extremely cold temperatures in the stratosphere and some types of PSCs are responsible for ozone destruction.

Today, high in the stratosphere, a thick layer of ozone blankets the planet.

The chemical balance in the stratosphere is changed significantly by the presence of these clouds, altering the breakdown products from manmade CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) so that rapid chemical ozone destruction can occur in the presence of sunlight.

No specific mention of the «volume cold enough for ozone loss» trend line is made in the Nature text, although it is stated that «Certain clouds in the stratosphere provide surfaces on which CFC decay products are converted into forms that destroy ozone â??

In the lower stratosphere — closest to the surface and close to the equator — increased CO2 is slowing the production of new ozone, especially in the sprinIn the lower stratosphere — closest to the surface and close to the equator — increased CO2 is slowing the production of new ozone, especially in the sprinin the spring.

Higher levels of carbon dioxide, however, do have an indirect effect on the ozone layer in the stratosphere.