Sentences with phrase «of ozone measurements»

Reid S.J., G. Vaughan, A.R. Marsh, and H.G.J. Smit, Intercomparison of ozone measurements by ECC sondes and BENDIX chemiluminescent analyser, J. Atm.

``... very little feedback came through to us until a telephone call from the United States embassy to say that Bob Watson was coming across, bringing some satellite pictures of the TOMS maps of ozone measurements, would I like to wander down to the embassy to have a look at them....»

Not exact matches

Its core competence is the in - line measurement of conductivity, resistivity, TOC, dissolved oxygen, bioburden, sodium, silica, chloride / sulphate and ozone in determining and controlling water purity.

THORNTON is a leader for pure water treatment measurement & control in pharmaceutical, semiconductor and power industries with parameters of conductivity / resistivity, TOC, pH, DO, dissolved ozone and flow.

Among them were the measurements of atmospheric ozone at the UK's Halley research station in Antarctica.

Robert Watson, a government official and co-chair of the scientific panel that advises the Montreal Protocol, said that laboratory experiments, computer models, and field measurements all support the conclusion that CFCs are destroying stratospheric ozone.

From then on, scientists worldwide typically tracked ozone depletion using October measurements of Antarctic ozone.

They analyzed ozone measurements taken from weather balloons and satellites, as well as satellite measurements of sulfur dioxide emitted by volcanoes, which can also enhance ozone depletion.

They then compared their yearly September ozone measurements with model simulations that predict ozone levels based on the amount of chlorine that scientists have estimated to be present in the atmosphere from year to year.

NOAA measurements at South Pole station monitor the ozone layer above that location by means of Dobson spectrophotometer and regular ozone - sonde balloon launches that record the thickness of the ozone layer and its vertical distribution.

Although the distribution of these emissions is still uncertain, measurements have indicated that the tropical oceans could be major sources, lofting them into the atmosphere where they can ultimately contribute to reactions that control tropospheric and stratospheric ozone.

Even in the past measurements from the peripheral sections of the now investigated region showed minimal ozone values in the area of the upper troposphere, but not the consistently low values that have now been found across the entire depth of the troposphere.

The ozone concentrations in his measurements remained nearly constantly below the detection limit of approx. 10 ppbv in the entire vertical range from the surface of Earth to an altitude of around 15 kilometres.

Although low values at an altitude of around 15 kilometres were known from earlier measurements in the peripheral area of the tropical West Pacific, the complete absence of ozone at all heights was surprising.

There is also a considerable gap in the otherwise dense network of global ozone measurement stations here.

The researchers compared results from a model called GFDL - AM3 to ozone measurements from monitoring stations over the course of the last 35 years, from 1980 to 2014.

The WMO reports the lowest ever measurements of Antarctic stratospheric ozone — 105 Dobson units — from the South Pole a few weeks ago.

Researchers are currently making these measurements using the Limb Profiler instrument, part of Ozone Mapping Profiler Suite (OMPS) instrument, currently flying on the joint NASA / National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-RRB- / Department of Defense Suomi National Polar - orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) satellite, launched in October 2011.

This possibility is set in a disturbing context by the latest measurements of stratospheric ozone by the World Meteorological Organization.

In August a study conducted by the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences in Colorado revealed that ozone measurements have stopped declining over the midlatitudes of the Northern and Southern hemispheres, where the bulk of the world's population resides.

The ozone measurements, taken between 2 and 6 miles in altitude (3 - 10 kilometers) over a large part of the eastern Indian Ocean, were as high as 80 parts per billion - levels similar to a polluted day in a U.S. city and several times more than normal.

«This is the only long - term data set with regular measurements of ozone - destroying compounds in the stratosphere,» says atmospheric chemist Darin Toohey of the University of California, Irvine.

Furthermore, other measurement and model studies comparing the response of mid-range vs. high ozone values show that the ozone decreases in the US and Europe are more pronounced for the highest ozone values, while sites in China show ozone increases for both mid-range and high ozone values (Derwent et al., 2010; Simon et al., 2015; Lefohn et al., 2017b).

The ozone measurements are really good, because the data our instrument collects contribute to creating maps of ozone cover over Antarctica.

Answer to # 10: Ozone values are *** VERY *** variable: even if there is a mean sinusoidal pattern over Europes latitudes (see http://www.meteo.be/english/pages/OzonEN.html or http://meteo.lcd.lu/dobson05.html) the variations from that mean trend are exceptional great: as such a local measurement of low values is never a hint to a lowering trend (and the opposite is true also...).

Ozone measurements from the first week of March already show a region over the North Atlantic with very low ozone levels (< 250 Dobson units, versus minimum values of ~ 300 in the early 19Ozone measurements from the first week of March already show a region over the North Atlantic with very low ozone levels (< 250 Dobson units, versus minimum values of ~ 300 in the early 19ozone levels (< 250 Dobson units, versus minimum values of ~ 300 in the early 1980s).

In Utqiagvik, Alaska (formerly known as Barrow)-- one of a handful of stations where NOAA measures Arctic ozone levels — there's been a 12 percent increase in average ozone levels since measurement began 45 years ago, Cooper said.

Has realclimate ever done (or considered doing) an entry about the immense contribution that satellite measurements have made in the past two - three decades, in helping us to understand various components of the earth system (e.g., vegetation, ozone, ice sheet mass, water vapor content, temperature, sea level height, storms, aerosols, etc.)?

Because even by tweaking things to be most generous, about 1/3 of the heating change can be made to fit the «no human CO2» scenario without putting something OBVIOUSLY wrong in there (like, say, trees outputting 100x the ozone we see in measurements today).

... This brings up the nightmarish thought that if the chemical industry had developed organobromine compounds instead of the CFCs — or alternatively, if chlorine chemistry would have run more like that of bromine — then without any preparedness, we would have been faced with a catastrophic ozone hole everywhere and at all seasons during the 1970s, probably before the atmospheric chemists had developed the necessary knowledge to identify the problem and the appropriate techniques for the necessary critical measurements.

Ozone measurements from the first week of March already show a region over the North Atlantic with very low ozone levels (< 250 Dobson units, versus minimum values of ~ 300 in the early 19Ozone measurements from the first week of March already show a region over the North Atlantic with very low ozone levels (< 250 Dobson units, versus minimum values of ~ 300 in the early 19ozone levels (< 250 Dobson units, versus minimum values of ~ 300 in the early 1980s).

Their measurements, focusing on a time period in September each year — during which time the colder temperatures in the atmosphere promote the reactions that destroy ozone so that the hole is opening up — show that since 2000, the hole has shrunk by 1.7 million square miles, an area more than half the size of the continental United States.

Answer to # 10: Ozone values are *** VERY *** variable: even if there is a mean sinusoidal pattern over Europes latitudes (see http://www.meteo.be/english/pages/OzonEN.html or http://meteo.lcd.lu/dobson05.html) the variations from that mean trend are exceptional great: as such a local measurement of low values is never a hint to a lowering trend (and the opposite is true also...).

NPP will continue measurements of land surface vegetation, sea surface temperature, and atmospheric ozone that began more than 25 years ago.

Ozone amounts in the depletion layer are the lowest seen in the 21 year record of ozone profile measurements at the South Ozone amounts in the depletion layer are the lowest seen in the 21 year record of ozone profile measurements at the South ozone profile measurements at the South Pole.

Heue, K. - P., Coldewey - Egbers, M., Delcloo, A., Lerot, C., Loyola, D., Valks, P., and van Roozendael, M.: Trends of tropical tropospheric ozone from 20 years of European satellite measurements and perspectives for the Sentinel - 5 Precursor, Atmos.

ACCMIP will take advantage of these measurements by performing extensive evaluations of the models, especially as regards their simulations of tropospheric ozone and aerosols, both of which have substantial climate forcing that varies widely in space and time.

This method uses consistency between direct normal and diffuse horizontal measurements together with a special regression technique for retrieval of daily time series of column mean aerosol particle size, aerosol optical depth, NO2, ozone and water vapor column amounts together with the instrument's calibration constants.

Measurements show that depletion of the ozone layer steadily worsened during the 1980s and most of the 1990s, but more recently as atmospheric amounts of chlorine and bromine have stabilized, a further worsening of ozone depletion appears to have been avoided.

The error of individual total ozone measurements for a well maintained Brewer instrument is about 1 % (e.g. Kerr, 1988).

The error bar on ECV total ozone data (δTOC) shall be assessed and expressed as the percent relative difference with respect to correlative measurements of reference.

The dependence of the ECV data quality on main measurement and retrieval parameters like the solar zenith angle, ozone column amount, latitude, and cloud parameters (fractional cloud cover, cloud top height and albedo, etc. as appropriate) shall be investigated.

The second factor is the insulating effect of the atmosphere of which well over 90 % results from atmospheric water in the form of clouds and water vapour with the remaining 10 % due primarily from CO2 and ozone with just a slightly detectable effect from methane and a trivial effect from all the other gases named in tyhe Kyoto Accord that is so small it can't even be detected on measurements of the Earth's radiative spectrum.

Dobson measurements suffer from a temperature dependence of the ozone absorption coefficients used in the retrievals which might account for a seasonal variation in the error of ± 0.9 % in the middle latitudes and ± 1.7 % in the Arctic, and for systematic errors of up to 4 % [Bernhard et al., 2005].

Randall et al. [1998, 2001] presented evidence from the Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) II and III instruments for stratospheric O3 reductions caused by the EPP IE, showing depletions of 40 — 45 % in middle stratospheric O3 mixing ratios.

Needed measurements include not only the conventional climatic variables (temperature and precipitation), but also the time - varying, three - dimensional spatial fields of ozone, water vapor, clouds, and aerosols, all of which have the potential to cause surface and lower to mid-tropospheric temperatures to change relative to one another.

Impact: Replacing old ozone analyzers at existing stations and adding new sites on the west and east coast of the U.S. would increase the reliability and scope of surface ozone measurements (which may be impacted by industrial activity in Asia).

We downloaded from the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center's website all of the available monthly averaged ozone measurements from the NASA Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) satellite (August 1996 - November 2ozone measurements from the NASA Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) satellite (August 1996 - November 2Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) satellite (August 1996 - November 2005).

The data basis of observations are total ozone columns measurements from three satellite borne instruments: the European satellite sensors GOME (ERS - 2), SCIAMACHY (ENVISAT), and GOME - 2 (METOP - A) are combined and added up to a continuous time series starting in June 1995.

About two years ago Stan Sanders group at JPL tossed a bombshell into our understanding of stratospheric ozone depletion, with a new, and much lower measurement of the chlorine peroxide (ClOOCl) absorption cross-section.