In the interview, the authors explain that since Lee Shulman's
concept of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) was introduced in the 1980s, it has thoroughly permeated teacher preparation, but it does not explicitly link PCK to equity concerns.
Preservice elementary teachers as information and communication technology designers: an instructional systems design model based on an expanded view of pedagogical content knowledge
The instructional practice measures include multiple elements, such as
descriptions of pedagogical content knowledge for the concepts being taught, lesson plans, observations or videos of actual classroom teaching, testing instruments, and teacher reflections.
The rapid expansion of available technological tools has prompted scholarly discourse about how Shulman's (1987)
construct of pedagogical content knowledge might be built upon to help describe the sort of knowledge teachers need for teaching with technology.
With detailed teacher background material rich in science and mathematical content, descriptions
of the pedagogical content knowledge needed to teach and assess effectively, and explicit links to the core ideas in the standards and research on learning science and mathematics, these books can transform teaching and learning in your classroom or professional development setting.
Hill, Ball and Brian Rowan find only modest links between measures of the mathematical knowledge that teachers need for teaching and their students» performance on standardized math tests, and the vaunted Measures of Effective Teaching project had to abandon its content knowledge for teaching measures, designed to assess some
aspects of pedagogical content knowledge, as they were not associated with student achievement.
Expanding on Shulman's (1986)
definition of pedagogical content knowledge, technological pedagogical content knowledge implies that pedagogy, content, and technology are not separate entities, but a complex system that supports the learning process (Mishra & Koehler, 2006).
As Hammond and Manfra (2009) described in their discussion of TPACK in social studies education, TPACK is a conceptual framework in teacher education that «provides a common language to discuss the integration of technology into instruction and builds upon the concepts
of pedagogical content knowledge, [as well as] teacher as curricular gatekeeper» (p. 160).
It provides a common language to discuss the integration of technology into instruction (Koehler & Mishra, 2008) and builds upon the concepts
of pedagogical content knowledge (Shulman, 1987) and teacher as curricular «gatekeeper» (Thornton, 2001a, 2001b).