The author evolves a hermeneutics of Revelation by entering into a dialectic between the concept of biblical revelation as seen in various types of biblical discourse, and the concept
of philosophical reason that engages classical and contemporary philosophy in their own categories.
If the data
of philosophical reason are natural, that is, if they are given for human experience independently of historical conditions, then natural theology as commonly understood becomes a major possibility.
Rigorously undertaken, such a procedure entails an understanding of the capacities and limitations
of philosophical reasoning and the proper use of literary interpretation as it applies to Scripture.
In moral theology, the derivation of conclusions from revealed principles with the help
of philosophical reasoning is very common indeed.
Not exact matches
In a sense, Descartes sought to find faith in
reason, or to find a
reason for faith; but in his project some enormous inversion
of philosophical expectations had already occurred.
I was enlightened by this program and by its biblical and
philosophical grounding instantly upon encountering it; and my agreement with it is a chief
reason of the extensive indebtedness
of my thinking to Pannenberg's.
At one Evangelicals and Catholics Together meeting, writes Tom, the Catholic co-chairman
of ECT, which Chuck helped found twenty years ago, some
of the Catholic members questioned the value
of natural law arguments «on the
philosophical ground that no
reason exists that is not already deeply saturated with prior pre-understandings and commitments.»
Rather because it excludes faith it also excludes
philosophical reason, thereby deciding all ultimate questions in advance on the basis
of a liberal philosophy
of nature and
reason so ubiquitous as to be invisible.
We have not mounted
philosophical arguments that prove Christ is really present in the Eucharist despite appearances, or that He is wholly present in each part
of each consecrated host; nor have we proved, from
reason alone, that He is really present in a consecrated host in the Cathedral
of Tokyo and Paris at the same time.
But instead
of a religion revealed through
philosophical constructs — easily
reasoned out and understood, instead we get a God inconveniently revealed in people, and food and wine and water and bodies and pies and oil and beer.
Betz is on safer ground when he suggests that «the ultimate point
of the analogia entis, as employed by Przywara, is precisely not by
philosophical means to close the gap between God and creatures, grace and nature,
reason and revelation (as Barth seems to have feared), but rather to widen it.»
Furthermore, besides being aware that part
of our common sense is endowed with the fancy
philosophical name
of «principle
of economy» (which doesn't really matter), it is important that we are aware
of the principles
of reasoning with which we operate so we can ensure our own consistency (which does matter).
But,
of course, there have been purely
philosophical reasons for making this metaphysical change as well.
Partly for this
reason, some
of his expressions
of this preservation seem to suggest an element that the
philosophical position in general does not clearly imply.
The framers
of the Declaration knew that they could not at that time spell out fully the moral and
philosophical reasons undergirding universal human rights.
For this
reason I would engage now in more detail with his presentation
of a prominent
philosophical tradition from the point
of view
of the different one presented by the Faith movement.
And attempts to restore religious freedom to its proper
philosophical place, as something like the sine qua non
of freedom itself, presuppose just the view
of human nature and
reason that our post-Christian liberalism rejects from the outset.
This notion could be interpreted to include the scientific and
philosophical wisdom which would then be integrated with biblical wisdom in an inclusive theology, although this interpretation is in tension with the flat assertion that
reason is «not itself a source
of theology.»
Prior to the general structures explored by «abstract
reason,» concrete actuality happens, i.e., a concrete history
of the self - revelation
of God that is not replaceable by any
philosophical rationality (MT 89; cf. RM 79).42
This stage in the process
of understanding God's revelation reveals the
reasons why the early Church opted in favor
of a
philosophical framework in its attempts to conceptualize its faith - experience.
And yet modernity was also understood as a
philosophical and theological system that displaced, or at least threatened, what could be called the praeambula fidei — the «preambles
of faith,» which include the truths
of natural
reason, particularly on
philosophical issues close to sacred doctrine.
Though two speak
of «freedom
of choice» and a few give no real theological rationale for their position, virtually all the statements
of this type are concerned not with human freedom or women's rights, but with articulating solid theological and
philosophical reasons for the position they take.
In his Spirit
of Mediaeval Philosophy, Etienne Gilson considers how medieval Catholic philosophers would have regarded «an exercise
of reason that would be purely
philosophical and systematically withdrawn from the influence
of faith.»
What Leo saw is this: The issues
of faith and
reason highlighted in Dei Filius could not be advanced by
philosophical eclecticism.
It is precisely on issues
of this sort that the limits
of historical
reasoning become obvious and the need for more sophisticated
philosophical and theological categories becomes apparent.
This, however, has been pronounced a false dualism by many masters
of scientific and
philosophical reasoning.
Other elements are,
of course, important as well: engagement with Scripture,
philosophical reasoning, and reflection on empirical evidence.
Certainly one
of the
reasons for the neglect
of both thinkers among English language philosophers has been that they have not played the role which Russell and Wittgenstein did in generating so - called analytical philosophy (a
philosophical style inimical, upon the whole, to attempts to theorize about the nature
of the universe in general.
There is a particularly strong resemblance between Whitehead's small and suggestive work in the philosophy
of science, The Function
of Reason, and Collingwood's methodological treatise, An Essay on
Philosophical Method.43
In the Introduction to the Second Edition
of Principia Mathematica published in 1925, Whitehead and Russell, in trying to repair the theory
of types by the axiom
of reducibility, mentioned a new suggestion proposed by Ludwig Wittgenstein for
philosophical reasons (PM xiv).
With response to the comment about why an all powerful, omnipresent God can't explain certain things to a finite mind... There is a flaw in your
philosophical trap
of reasoning.
It is for these
reasons that Berger considers it the «paramount reality» — the world in which we spend much
of our time and to which we inevitably return after brief excursions into the alternative realities
of fantasy, sleep, or
philosophical reflection.
But it is a major contribution to
philosophical theology that must be encountered on the playing field
of reason.
Hartshorne offers a closely
reasoned philosophical argument for a doctrine
of God based, not on the classical metaphysical categories
of traditional theology, but on process philosophy that allows some non-absolute aspects
of God.
Participants in this retreat will take up
philosophical, theological, and literary texts from antiquity and the classical Christian and Jewish traditions to explore the nature
of love and friendship as well as their relation to transcendence, faith, beauty, marriage, and
reason.
; so why can't the
philosophical realist state the obvious even in his despair: Jesus was an uncommon human being, filled with dignity and virtue, who is worth emulating and honoring (Is not this example
of dignity and virtue enough
reason to live?).
[1] Nicholas Reseller, Pascal's Wager — a study
of practical
reasoning in
philosophical theology (Notre Dame: University
of Notre Dame Press, 1985).
It is for this
reason that biblical humanism, unlike
philosophical humanism, can affirm human worth not merely independent
of but in contradistinction to earthly status.
Consequently, our acceptance
of supernatural faith (by grace alone) is in harmony with modern historical
reasoning and
philosophical reflection on the ordinary human transmission
of knowledge.
For that
reason I thought Ivan's final sentence highly questionable, and fatal for Pomocon / Porcher dialogue: «we should not confuse the
philosophical argument in favor
of the local community, or a very reasonable attraction to its many virtues, with either the possibility or desirableness
of that arrangement for us today.»
Thus instead
of trying to construct a
philosophical system which accords with the rule
of reason, as Hegel had done, Nietzsche begins by turning
reason against itself, uncovering in the process its «irrational» origins in nature («On the Genealogy & Morals,» BWN; Sections 2 and 16; WP, Sections 480 and 481).
Now for Hegel, as for most
of the philosophers
of the tradition, the end
of philosophical speculation is the attainment
of truth (usually taken in some absolutist sense), and we reach such truth through the proper employment
of reason.
He shows us what the scientific philosophers»
philosophical reasons were for commenting on the fallacy
of misplaced concreteness.
His analysis calls for reintegration
of the history
of science with social, economic and political history just as his
philosophical proposals call for integration with current
reasons for making science, technology and medicine more accessible and accountable.
The
reason you're still sticking to it is simple — either you busied yourself too much away from a true
philosophical understanding
of your own beliefs or you lack the mental or empathetical faculties necessary.
Elsewhere I have attempted to spell out in greater detail these developments in contemporary
philosophical reflections on the praxis
of reason in sciences and scholarly disciplines, indicating how they support the intellectual performance
of liberation theologians (TW 103 - 47).
This whole process constitutes the philosophy
of religion within the limits
of reason alone; it is this process which constitutes the
philosophical analogon
of the kerygma
of the Resurrection.
For that
reason something should probably be said here on the theological and
philosophical problems connected with the creation
of the individual human soul.
There is also great promise in the
philosophical trail being blazed between rationality and truth by Harvard philosopher and mathematician Hilary Putnam, and the liberal way out
of the jungle
of relativism may well be guided by his skillful hacking away at all that divides
Reason, Truth and History.
But it is the business
of philosophy to ascertain that which is purely necessary and universal, and any limitation placed upon
philosophical reason ultimately appears to be arbitrary.