The transmission is a complex mess
of planetary gears and clutches with multiple variable and fixed gear ratios, but in layman's terms, it basically acts like a CVT.
Conventional torque vectoring systems use a set
of planetary gears either side of the differential to achieve only very low levels of over-speeding.
Audi Q5 Audi's Quattro all - wheel drive is based on a torque - sensing center differential, with the bias controlled by two sets
of planetary gears and several friction discs.
Another goal was to implement the nine gears with a minimal number
of planetary gear sets and shift elements.
Unlike the T2 Torsen where the torque split is a nominal 50:50, in the T3 Torsen the torque split, due to the use
of the planetary gear set, is an actual asymmetric 40:60 front - rear torque split (i.e., when grip is equal on both front and rear axles, 40 % of torque is sent to the front axle, and 60 % to the rear).
This is made possible by the addition
of a planetary gear set and a multiple - plate clutch operated by an electric motor on both output sides of the rear differential.
Not exact matches
A clutch locks the ring
gear of the
planetary gearset for a 7.0:1 speed reduction and torque multiplication ratio.
Torque biasing - Depending on the tooth ratio's
of the
planetary, ring and sun
gear, the desired ratio can be designed.
The electric element
of the Polestar 1's hybrid powertrain consists
of two electric motors that drive the rear axle through a
planetary gear set.
Two
planetary gear sets operated by two computer - controlled clutches help steer the vehicle by increasing the amount
of torque delivered to one rear wheel.
DCTs are more efficient because their helical
gears (in place
of a conventional automatic's
planetary gears) create lower hydraulic and friction losses.
But instead
of a single giant lump
of metal powering the Polestar 1, the performance coupe uses a Volvo Drive - E four - cylinder engine to drive the front wheels, and a pair
of electric motors combined through a
planetary gear set to drive the rear wheels.
Planetary gear set can vary the distribution
of power between the gasoline engine and the electric drive system or both, depending on driving conditions
The
planetary gearset is what's responsible for changing
gear ratios, and it consists
of a sun
gear surrounded by smaller planet
gears carried by a planet carrier enclosed in a ring
gear.
Instead
of using one or more
planetary gear sets like a traditional transmission, a CVT uses pulleys and steel belts to provide an infinite number
of «
gear ratios».
The
gear ratio is determined by the number
of teeth on the smaller,
planetary gears in ratio to the number
of teeth on the larger, sun
gear.
«We have had a lot
of focus on the drive train testing lately with many verification tests around the ERAD (Electric Rear Axle Drive), the sub frame with built - in double electric motors and
planetary gear shift.
The
planetary gears are comprised
of the sun
gear, which attaches to the main shaft and the
planetary gears, all
of which sits inside a ring
gear.
To cope with the additional power and torque, the
planetary gear set
of the ZF transmission is also strengthened.
GM's base FWD 2 - mode system incorporates two electric motors, two
planetary gear sets and a system
of four hydraulically - applied wet - plate range clutches to deliver two continuously variable speed - ratio ranges (modes) and four forward fixed
gear ratios.
To engage the low
gear range, Toyota opens the conventional
planetary gearset's brake 1 and locks brake 2, resulting in a reduction
gear ratio
of 3.900.
The basis
of the new ZF automatic transmission generation is a new transmission concept featuring four
planetary gear sets and five shift elements.
Using
planetary gears gives the Antonov design the advantage
of a higher engine torque limit (more
gear teeth bearing load), at the expense
of greater complexity.
Since Powershift, unlike a conventional automatic transmission, does not need a torque converter,
planetary gears or multiple wet clutches, there is also none
of the added torque losses that these features bring.
The dual - clutch transmission is an automatic transmission which utilizes dual launch and shift clutches with a manual transmission style lay - shaft
gear arrangement, instead
of a conventional torque converter and
planetary gears.
With two pure mechanical
gear points, infinitely variable ratio in between, start - stop, regenerative braking, pure electrical mode, electric power assist, 100 % towing capability — the hybrid one seems to be better use
of quite expensive
planetary mechanics.
Thanks to the double electric rear axle's
planetary gears, torque vectoring features for the first time, separating the power from each
of the electric rear motors to drive the car through corners, rather than convention traction control systems that brake the inner rear wheel, slowing the car in bends.
A further example
of the technology spearhead role is an all - new double electric motor system driving both rear wheels, connected together by
planetary gears.
Additional components that help make the Prius more efficient include an active grille shutter, an exhaust heat recirculation system, and a replacement
of the previous
planetary gear arrangement with parallel
gears to help prevent mechanical losses.
MG1 controls the output speed
of the transaxle through the
planetary gear set, without clutches or a viscous coupling.
The former plays the role
of a starter and can charge the battery pack or power other electric motors as needed while the latter distributes the power to the drive wheels via a
planetary gear - type continuously variable transmission.
If you receive customer reports
of Mercedes - Benz vehicles equipped with the 722.9 (7G - Tronic) transmission being in limp home mode (intermittently or permanently) with fault code (s) 0741, 0893, 0894, 2502, 2504, 2505, 2511, 2711, 2783 stored in the transmission control module as well as particulate in the transmission oil pan (see photo), the cause may be related to the torque converter lock - up clutch or the rear
planetary gear set.
Lexus explains: «The new system is based on the electronically controlled
planetary continuously variable transmission
of Lexus Hybrid Synergy Drive coupled to an all - new four - speed automatic
gear set at the output stage.
The transmission is made up
of two 60 - kilowatt electric motors, three
planetary gearsets and four fixed
gears that use the same space as GM's six - speed automatic transmission.
In addition to its motor - generator duties, the crucial MG1 adds two functions: One as a starter motor for the gas engine; and two, by regulating the amount
of electrical power it generates (which varies its RPM), MG1 controls the output speed
of the transaxle through the
planetary gear set — without clutches or viscous couplings.
The center distance and vertical drop between the engine and output axes were designed to be common; this design approach enables the use
of a common chain transfer design and final drive
gearing, which provided a wide range
of final drive sprocket and
planetary gear sets allowing an effective final drive ranging from 2.64 to 3.50.
PowerShift transmissions are based on efficient manual transmission technology, eliminating the weight and complexity
of a torque converter,
planetary gears and the fluid pumps employed in traditional automatics.
A unique combination
of a conventional five - pinion
planetary gear set and a compound Ravignaux
gear set — known as a Le Pelletier arrangement — makes the AF40 - 6 very lightweight and compact.
Instead
of the standard bevel
gears used in differential transmissions, the engineers developed a spur
gear differential in which additional torque can be applied from outside via a superimposed
planetary gearbox.
A
planetary gear set allows the transmission to shift between forward and reverse directions with the operation
of a multi-plate clutch, with plates that have a 10 % increase in surface friction.
To cope with the additional power and torque, the
planetary gear set
of the six - speed ZF transmission is also strengthened.
Automatic - equipped examples come with wheel - mounted paddle shifters, but we certainly don't want to click manually through all ten speeds
of Ford's new longitudinal
planetary automatic; that's a lot
of gears to keep track
of.
Cadillac feeds that power through GM's special Electric Variable Transmission, which uses two electric motors to move three
planetary gears that have an infinite ratio
of synchronous shifting.
Vehicle: 2001 Dodge Durango Owner: Steve Maxfield, Kanosh, Utah Engine: 5.7 L Hemi V - 8 Transmission: Stock five - speed automatic (four
gears plus overdrive
planetary) Transfer case: Stock Powerwagon Front axle: Powerwagon AAM 9.25 with 4.56:1
gears and electric lockers Rear axle: Powerwagon AAM 10.5 with 4.56:1
gears and electric lockers Front suspension: Stock Powerwagon five - link welded onto Durango frame, including coil buckets and control arm mounts, 12 - inch - stroke King 2.0 air shocks Rear suspension: Stock Durango leaf spring with spring - over swap, 12 - inch - stroke King 2.0 air shocks Steering: Hydraulic - assist steering ram fed from ported Dodge steering box Tires / wheels: 42 - inch Pit Bull Rockers on 16 1/2 - inch H1 HUMVEE beadlocks Protection: Full belly skidplates made out
of 3 / 16 - inch steel, full 2 - inch, 0.120 - wall DOM exoskeleton, custom bumpers, and tire carrier integrated into exoskeleton Other: Warn winch, bumper - mounted LED lightbar, roof - mounted LED lightbar, rock cameras connected to onboard monitor
The new - design CVT (now fitted with a
planetary gear to give it a wider ratio), gives the car a much better launch feel, and also seems to have curbed some
of the engine moaning and groaning when the previous CVT powerteam was pushed on the highway.
In low range, instead
of a two - speed transfer case the torque is multiplied through
planetary gears at the front and rear axles.
Internally, the transmission has four
planetary gear sets, two
of which are nested for economical packaging.
The transfer case consists
of a
planetary centre differential and two bevel
gears, which form the side output to the front axle.
The place for gearheads, ampheads, and anybody else who wants to discuss the finer points
of battery technology, regenerative braking, continuously variable transmissions,
planetary gear sets, computer control systems, etc..
The system also includes a set
of speed - multiplication
planetary gears for each drive shaft.