With the discovery and observation
of planetary systems around stars other than our own, it is becoming possible to elaborate, revise or even replace this account.
Most objects in the outer
part of a planetary system are made more of ice and most objects in the inner regions are made more of rocks.
This result has a transformative impact on the theories of planet formation and gives us a clue to the origin of a wide
variety of planetary systems.
The observed planet population carries an important message of how planets form and what
types of planetary systems exist for future scientific exploration.
For astronomers, attempting to understand the life
cycles of planetary systems using existing examples is like trying to learn how people grow from babies to children to teenagers, by only studying adults.
That was clearly a more profound influence on a central
component of the planetary system than humans raising the concentration of carbon dioxide 40 percent since the start of the industrial revolution.
Its detection helps astronomers understand the chemical processes that occur during the
formation of planetary systems and that ultimately lead to the creation of the ingredients for life.
This discovery shows the
type of planetary system that astronomers expect to find around many nearby stars in the coming years.
More generally, these two results demonstrate that the longterm habitability (and astronomical observables) of a terrestrial planet can depend on the detailed architecture
of the planetary system in which it resides.
As the Academies notes in their recent decadal survey,» [t] he search for exoplanets is one of the most exciting subjects in all of astronomy...» The report went on to recommend «a program to explore the diversity and
properties of planetary systems around other stars, and to prepare for the long - term goal of discovering and investigating nearby, habitable planets.»
Initially, astronomers suspected that small, rocky worlds might get kicked
out of their planetary systems altogether by giant planets that were pulled towards their host stars to become «hot Jupiters».
HDST will search for exoEarths around hundreds of stars, but during that quest will revolutionize the
study of planetary systems in general.
Anthropocene, as you likely know, is the term applied increasingly by a range of scientists and others to this period in Earth and human history in which our species is influencing a
host of planetary systems in big ways with long - lasting consequences.
While today's planet - hunting techniques have favored finding exoplanets near their sun, the outer
regions of a planetary system have gone largely unexplored.
We extract science by carefully modeling all the ways in which the spacecraft and the instruments themselves could have caused the apparent
brightness of a planetary system to change over time... We are pretty sure we can trust our models of Spitzer down to about a part in 10,000; we are in uncharted territory as far as detector behavior is concerned.»
Led by Christopher Manser of the University of Warwick's Astrophysics Group, the researchers investigated the
remnants of planetary systems around white dwarf stars; in this instance, SDSS1228 +1040.
The discovery that the debris disks around some larger stars retain carbon monoxide longer than their Sun - like counterparts may provide insights into the role this gas plays in the
development of planetary systems.
Of the thousands
of planetary systems Kepler has discovered, about 80 per cent appear as single planets passing in front of their stars.
While the cold surface conditions and the lack of illumination and heat from the dim host star eliminate the possibility of the new planet being home to life as we know it, the researchers said in a press release that it will improve their understanding
of planetary systems beyond our own.
Growing Up: the Long Journey
of Planetary Systems from Interstellar Volatiles and Refractories to Asteroids, Comets, and Planets
Many decades of asteroid and comet characterization have yielded formation models that explain the mass distribution, chemical abundances and planetary configuration of the Solar System today, but there has been no way of telling whether the Solar System is
typical of planetary systems.
In the fictional universe of Star Trek: Voyager, the crew of a Federation starship comes in contact with the denizens
of planetary systems many thousands of light - years away from Earth, while being stranded on the far side of the galaxy.