The near absence
of planktic foraminifers in the MIS 6 sediments of these cores (Supplementary Figs. 2 and 3) 56 also supports the interpretation of virtually no surface water productivity due to closed sea ice conditions.
Furthermore, the total amounts
of planktic foraminifers are very similar to those determined in Holocene sediments from these two cores (Supplementary Figs. 2 and 3), suggesting similar sea ice conditions during the LIG as during the latest Holocene (present).
Core PS51 / 038 -3: MIS 6 and MIS 5 (5e) have mainly been identified by oxygen and carbon isotope stratigraphy, paleomagnetostratigraphy, and abundances
of planktic foraminifers and coarse fraction (Supplementary Fig. 3) 56.
Not exact matches
After participation in a ship expedition with RV SONNE to the North Pacific in summer 2018, the tasks include to reconstruct the spatial and temporal changes in near - surface and subsurface water temperatures in the North Pacific, salinity, thermocline depth, and water mass stratification
of the upper oceanic surface using geochemical proxy parameters, e.g. in
planktic microfossils.
The systematics
of boron isotopes in foraminifera are discussed in detail, including results from benthic and
planktic taxa, and models
of boron incorporation, fractionation, and biomineralisation.
Peak abundances
of the small subpolar
planktic foraminifer species Turborotalita quinqueloba found in MIS 5e sediments from the southern Lomonosov Ridge close to the Greenland continental margin (Site GreenICE, Fig. 1), a region with a modern perennial sea ice cover, may indicate less sea ice than today45.
There,
planktic δ18O records from cores MD95 - 2010 and MD99 - 2304 (for core locations see Fig. 7e) document a climatic optimum in the early - middle part
of the LIG between about 126 and 116 ka, related to a strong poleward extension
of warm Atlantic Water61, 62, 64.