Nondigestible plant carbohydrates in foods are usually a mixture of polysaccharides that are integral components
of the plant cell wall or intercellular structure.
2006 — Ken Keegstra — for his pioneering contributions to our understanding of chloroplast biogenesis, protein import into chloroplasts, and the structure and biosynthesis
of the plant cell wall
Two new gene clusters involved in the degradation
of plant cell wall from the fecal microbiota of Tunisian dromedary — Rihab Ameri — PLoS One
The starting material, the polysaccharides and lignin
of the plant cell wall, are complex.
Two new gene clusters involved in the degradation
of plant cell wall from the fecal microbiota of Tunisian dromedary
Fragments
of the plant cell wall have been discovered that serve as regulatory molecules.
Cellulosic ethanol — fuel derived from woody plants and waste biomass — has the potential to become an affordable, renewable transportation fuel that rivals gasoline, but lignin, one of the most ubiquitous components
of the plant cell wall, gets in the way.
Conventional paper is made from cellulose, a crystalline polymer of glucose that's the primary component
of plant cell walls.
«Together these studies tell a story about how mushroom - forming fungi evolved a complex mechanism for breakdown
of plant cell walls in «white rot» and then cast it aside following the evolution of mycorrhizal associations, as well as the alternative decay mechanism of «brown rot,»» Hibbett said.
The final sugar yield was closely related to the removal of xylan, a common component
of plant cell walls.
Cellulose is the primary component
of plant cell walls and accounts for the fiber in fruits and vegetables.
The first application as part of DOE's BioEnergy Science Center was in the examination
of plant cell walls under several treatments to provide submicron characterization.
The research team, which published its results in Green Chemistry, set out to decipher the inner workings
of plant cell walls during pretreatment, the most expensive stage of biofuel production.
Due to the composition
of plant cell walls, plant material is not efficiently broken down or deconstructed to the basic sugars that are converted to biofuels.
The group, led by principal investigator and Ames Laboratory scientist Emily Smith, is receiving $ 1 million a year for three years from the DOE's Office of Science to develop a subdiffraction Raman imaging platform that will provide an unprecedented look at the specific chemical structures
of plant cell walls and then determine how best to deconstruct plant material as a source of biofuels.
Fibre is carbohydrate derived from plant material, the bulk of which comes from cellulose, the primary structural component
of plant cell walls.
Cellulose, a polysaccharide consisting of linear Î ² -(1,4) â» linked glucopyranoside units, is the main structural component
of plant cell walls.
Not exact matches
Slow cooking breaks the
cell walls in the
plant and animal ingredients, allowing a significant uptake
of vitamins and minerals into your body.
Cell fusion technology is used to hybridize plants by removing cell walls from two cells of different species, usually those that would not normally breed under natural conditions, and then merging their conte
Cell fusion technology is used to hybridize
plants by removing
cell walls from two cells of different species, usually those that would not normally breed under natural conditions, and then merging their conte
cell walls from two
cells of different species, usually those that would not normally breed under natural conditions, and then merging their contents.
Jo asked what pectin was so here is a brief explanation from the online Encyclopaedia Brittanica «Pectin is a water - soluble carbohydrate substance found in the
cell walls and intercellular tissues
of certain
plants.
Thus, the rate
of freezing for
plant tissues is extremely important due to the effect
of freezing rate on the size
of ice crystals,
cell hydration, and damage to
cell walls (Rahman, 1999).
«We compared F. hygrometrica data with those from land
plants and seaweeds,» explains Itouga, «and found that the presence
of polygalacturonic acid in the
cell wall is one
of the characteristics that separated this type
of moss from other
plants.»
This means that there is something special about the
cell walls of this species
of moss that allows them to thrive in environments that are toxic to other
plants.
«It binds highly affine and very specific to sugar molecules that sit in the
cell wall of the fungi and which are normally recognized as «foreign» by the
plant,» explains Professor
of Molecular Biology Alga Zuccaro from the University
of Cologne.
The problem is that the sugar is accessible only after it is chemically converted from the tough molecules that make up the
walls of plant cells: fibrous cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin.
The compound, called gavinone in honor
of its codiscoverer, is produced when cellulose, the sugar that makes up the
cell walls of all
plants, burns.
To understand the genetic shifts underlying the repeated origins
of mycorrhizal lifestyles, the researchers focused on enzymes that degrade
plant cell walls from 16 gene families associated with
plant cell wall degradation.
Unraveling the tightly wound network
of molecules — cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin — that make up the
cell wall of plants for easier biofuel processing.
Cellulose, the structural component
of cell walls that enables
plants to stay upright, is the most abundant biopolymer on earth.
Unlike
plants and animals, bacteria need a small amount
of D - amino acids, not to incorporate into proteins, but to incorporate into
cell walls to increase resistance and stability.
Scientists from the ARC Centre
of Excellence in
Plant Cell Walls at the University
of Adelaide have discovered that a variety
of sorghum growing wild in Australia, Arun, has the potential to yield over 10,000 litres
of bioethanol per hectare per year.
Other compounds that have been tested to stress
plant cells include heavy metals, chemicals such as methyl jasmonate and sodium acetate, and the
cell walls of microorganisms.
«The bulk
of the world's cellulose is produced within the thickened secondary
cell walls of tissues hidden inside the
plant body,» says University
of British Columbia Botany PhD candidate Yoichiro Watanabe, lead author
of the paper published this week in Science.
«In order to be structurally sound,
plants have to lay down their secondary
cell walls very quickly once the
plant has stopped growing, like a layer
of concrete with rebar,» says UBC botanist Lacey Samuels, one
of the senior authors on the paper.
A variety
of wheat that is resistant to a destructive fungal disease has been found to have specialized and protective
cell walls, according to research published in BMC
Plant Biology.
The researchers focused on the secondary
cell walls in a type
of plant tissue called xylem from the Arabidopsis
plant's roots.
This model is the first to include
wall fibers and also reflected the tremendous internal pressure
of a
plant cell — 90 pounds per square inch, about the same pressure as a road - bike tire.
Cell walls in the growing parts of a plant are thought to be much more extensible (stretchy) than those in mature parts, and these local differences in cell wall extensibility affect the overall shape of the pl
Cell walls in the growing parts
of a
plant are thought to be much more extensible (stretchy) than those in mature parts, and these local differences in
cell wall extensibility affect the overall shape of the pl
cell wall extensibility affect the overall shape
of the
plant.
Cell to cell fusion is known to be extremely rare in plant cells due to the presence of the relatively tough cell w
Cell to
cell fusion is known to be extremely rare in plant cells due to the presence of the relatively tough cell w
cell fusion is known to be extremely rare in
plant cells due to the presence
of the relatively tough
cell w
cell wall.
The study showed that «the control
of the secondary
cell wall is incredibly complex and detailed, which is important for
plant biologists who want to change it to make biofuels,» she said.
Of the three cell wall components, lignin is the most troublesome for the biofuel industry because it limits the extraction of cellulose and hemicellulose for biofuel production, according to Siobhan Brady, an assistant professor in the Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center at UC Davis and a co-author of the stud
Of the three
cell wall components, lignin is the most troublesome for the biofuel industry because it limits the extraction
of cellulose and hemicellulose for biofuel production, according to Siobhan Brady, an assistant professor in the Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center at UC Davis and a co-author of the stud
of cellulose and hemicellulose for biofuel production, according to Siobhan Brady, an assistant professor in the Department
of Plant Biology and Genome Center at UC Davis and a co-author of the stud
of Plant Biology and Genome Center at UC Davis and a co-author
of the stud
of the study.
Solving a puzzle
of plant manipulation Rather than try to isolate single genes related to secondary
cell wall production, the researchers looked at the function
of hundreds
of transcription factors working within the root xylem's regulatory network.
Unlike mammalian
cells,
plant cells are rigid, constrained by a thick
wall of fibers that have the tensile strength
of steel.
Ultimately, the branching lignin wraps around the sugar - rich cellulose fibers that make up the bulk
of the
plant, strengthening the
cell walls and supporting the tubelike vessels that transport food and water up the stem.
Scientists have scoured cow rumens and termite guts for microbes that can efficiently break down
plant cell walls for the production
of next - generation biofuels, but some
of the best microbial candidates actually may reside in the human lower intestine, researchers report.
Learning how to control the composition
of secondary
cell walls is an area
of intense interest among advanced biofuel researchers because the structures make up the bulk
of the
plant matter that is broken down into biofuels.
Now, researchers at the Department
of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory have made a better thermoplastic by replacing styrene with lignin, a brittle, rigid polymer that, with cellulose, forms the woody
cell walls of plants.
When Hubbes exposed vaccinated trees to the virulent strain
of the fungus, he found that the trees were ready to mount a defence, trapping the fungus in infected
cells by hardening the
walls of these
cells with lignin — an organic polymer in
plant cell walls that imparts rigidity.
The
cells of slime moulds, however, are more like animal
cells in that their
walls are less defined than
plants; yet they also reproduce using spores, like
plants.
The arabinogalactan sugar chain is commonly present in the
cell wall of plants and is known to be involved in various signaling pathways within the
cell.