Sentences with phrase «of plant defenses»

But until now, scientists weren't sure what the consequences of these plant defenses were for the caterpillar.

For example, some caterpillars roll leaves to reduce the effectiveness of plant defenses activated by sunlight.

Thus, this unbiased approach is one of our major contributions to the understanding of the complexity of plant defenses and insect adaptations,» explains Sagar Pandit, one of the senior authors of the study.

Not exact matches

Host plant resistance: Natural defenses plants evolved to reduce the impact of herbivores.

The scientists are now planning further experiments study the co-evolution of dandelions and their root herbivores in order of find out whether the presence of root - feeding insects has shaped the plant defensive chemistry in the course of evolution and whether the insects show adaptations to dandelion defenses.

Noting that insects have been evolving resistance to natural plant defenses for millions of years and that this year marks the 100th anniversary of the first reported case of insecticide resistance, he concludes, «Finding ways to delay resistance is a never - ending challenge with any pest management approach.»

«Plants are subject to attack by an onslaught of microbes and herbivores, yet are able to specifically perceive the threat and mount appropriate defenses,» said Gary W. Felton, professor and head of entomology.

«If a plant can evolve novel or different defenses from its relatives or neighbors, it will suffer fewer attacks and have a higher likelihood of survival, which gives rise to the surprising result that relatives and neighbors differ dramatically in defenses,» said co-author Phyllis Coley, distinguished professor in the Department of Biology at the U and research affiliate with The Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Panama.

In recent years, scientists have identified a host of compounds called chemical elicitors — found, for example, in insect saliva — that can limit plant defenses, including the production of bad - tasting compounds that ward off herbivores.

Phyllis Coley and husband Tom Kursar, plant ecologists at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, reasoned that if young plants have stronger chemical defenses, they might also be a good place to look for potential medicines.

In addition, many of Madagascar's plants have evolved defenses against large herbivores, such as spines and multiple leaf shapes that protect young sprouts from browsing tortoises.

Rather, the UD researchers have shown for the first time that a combination of beneficial soil microbes can be applied to the infected plants to boost their natural defenses, combating both problems.

But those same chemical defenses can reduce the number of visits to the plant by pollinators such as bees, resulting in less pollination of individual plants and decreased growth.

In studies of Arabidopsis thaliana, also known as mustard weed, a team of researchers at the University of Delaware found that when a plant has its leaf nicked, it plant sends out an emergency alert to neighboring plants, which begin beefing up their defenses.

«Plants have many ways to detect insect attack, but feeding vibrations are likely the fastest way for distant parts of the plant to perceive the attack and begin to increase their defenses,» Cocroft said.

The reason could be that plant defenses against pathogens gradually weaken after a fire, Moritz and Odion speculate — for instance, from stiffer competition among plants as they grow, decreased chemical defenses as they age, or depletion of soil nutrients.The findings suggest that California's fight against forest fires over many decades may have precipitated or accelerated the outbreak, and that perhaps controlled burning could be used to halt it, the authors say.

At each site Meyerson and Cronin measured plant biomass and defenses against herbivores and quantified insect damage by galling, chewing and sucking (aphids) insects to measure the effects of herbivory on Phragmites fitness.

Then the task force followed with a dozen major recommendations, some of which would order nuclear plant operators to strengthen defenses against extreme flooding or earthquakes when necessary and to harden vents that would carry away explosive hydrogen gas from damaged reactor cores in the two types of reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi plant.

The team members were surprised to find that the plasmid shares many genes with the chromosome, suggesting, says Boucher, that the plasmid supplies alternative versions of genes to help the bacterium elude plant defenses.

Plants have an immune system that helps them recognise a range of pathogens, but they have to keep up with enemy fire that is perpetually evolving and constantly adapting new ways of getting around a plant's primary defenses.

The increasing resistance of pest insects to Bt is another reason to look deeper into the natural insect adaptations against plant defenses.

Plant defenses increase survival and / or reproduction (fitness) of plants under pressure of predation from herbivores.

The myriad defenses displayed by plants means that their herbivores need a variety of skills to overcome these defenses and obtain food.

There are a wide variety of these in nature and a single plant can have hundreds of different chemical defenses.

Orrock and colleagues activated tomato plants» defenses by spraying them with increasing concentrations of methyl jasmonate — a version of a chemical that plants release when they are being attacked that triggers downstream responses such as increased production of toxic metabolites.

«Herbivory - Induced Volatiles Function as Defenses Increasing Fitness of the Native Plant Nicotiana Attenuata in Nature.»

Temperature - driven range expansion of an irruptive insect heightened by weakly coevolved plant defenses.

There are many toxins in many of the plants we eat, doesn't necessarily mean they'll do us harm, it's the nature of plants that they have various defenses and you'd imagine that plant eating animals have learnt to deal with this to a fair extent?

Homeopathy has its own sophisticated system of using substances from the plant, mineral, chemical, and animal sources, and has a fascinating and powerful method of strengthening the body's own natural defenses.

Whether you're looking to bolster your skin's defenses or to maintain your natural glow, you'll find a wide array of plant - based facial care products here.

Then, and as a consequence of this, there are native to Cedros herbivores, which on one hand compete with the goat population for food and presumably have kept it from increasing beyond carrying capacity, and on the other hand forced the native plants to keep their defenses against herbivores, unlike plants on megaherbivoreless islands which tend to lack those defenses.

Kill the horde of Skull warriors and collect the ectoplasm to set up towers and defenses whenever the magic stones light up: CATAPULTS, to throw flame to the enemy; BARRICADES, to block the attackers in their path; BARRELS, to shoot fire arrows and explode them in the middle of a skeleton legion; POISON PLANTS, to hit the warriors and slay them slowly while they walk... There are diverse types of magic energy to use at war: LIGHTNING, to defeat targets with metal or steel armor; FIRE, to burn light armor troops and blow up the exploding barrels; ICE, to turn your victims into ice cubes and slow them down; POISON, just one drop and the victim will succumb little by little to its toxic effects; STUN, to shoot and make their heads spin and leave them stupefied; EXPLOSIVE, to send everything flying with its strong TNT head... Use all with the different kind of arrows and do individual, radius or multiple damage.

UPGRADE YOUR DEFENSES Summon multiple battle towers and defenses: catapults, barricades, explosive barrels, poison plants... Kill the skeleton hordes, collect ectoplasm and improve the strength and power of your dDEFENSES Summon multiple battle towers and defenses: catapults, barricades, explosive barrels, poison plants... Kill the skeleton hordes, collect ectoplasm and improve the strength and power of your ddefenses: catapults, barricades, explosive barrels, poison plants... Kill the skeleton hordes, collect ectoplasm and improve the strength and power of your defences.

Through a combination of genetic analysis and experimentation, Berenbaum has shown that plants evolve to create natural defenses, like chemical toxins to ward off pests, and that insects in turn evolve to overcome these defenses.