The Moon may also have ice hidden in the shadows
of its polar craters, says Paige.
Now Harmon has carried out a new radar survey of Mercury, which shows that the areas which strongly reflect radio waves match closely the positions
of polar craters photographed by Mariner 10, the American spacecraft which flew past Mercury in 1974 and 1975.
New Maps of Mercury Show Icy Looking Craters on the Solar System's Innermost Planet A NASA spacecraft bolsters the case that ice lines the inside
of polar craters on Mercury
MESSENGER's maps
of polar craters match up nicely with earlier imagery of the poles, taken by Earth - based radars, which showed anomalously bright features — patches that reflected radio waves much better than the surrounding terrain, just as ice does.
Not exact matches
But some places on Mercury are slightly more stable.Inside
polar craters on the diminutive planet are regions that never see the light
of day, shaded as they are by the
craters» rims.
Because the poles are always at the edge
of the sunlit side
of Mercury, flat areas receive little solar energy and long shadows keep
polar crater floors in perpetual darkness.
BEYOND its
polar lakes, Saturn's moon Titan has vast expanses
of hydrocarbon wetlands, according to a new look at the chilly world's impact
craters.
A spent rocket stage that NASA sent hurtling into the moon last year in hopes
of kicking up water from a
polar crater delivered on that mission, revealing that at least a moderate portion
of its target was indeed made
of ice.
On Tuesday, the team successfully executed the last
of seven daring orbit correction maneuvers that kept MESSENGER aloft long enough for the spacecraft's instruments to collect critical information on Mercury's crustal magnetic anomalies and ice - filled
polar craters, among other features.
«Some
of the observed features included ancient river beds,
craters, massive extinct volcanoes, canyons, layered
polar deposits, evidence
of wind - driven deposition and erosion
of sediments, weather fronts, ice clouds, localized dust storms, morning fogs and more,» NASA wrote in a summary
of the mission.
Most recently, on May 12, Hubble's Wide Field Camera 3 captured the surface
of Mars in stunning detail, revealing russet deserts pockmarked with
craters and bright frosty
polar caps shrouded in a thin haze
of clouds.
The image, captured when Mars was just 50 million miles from Earth — a mere stone's throw away in the cosmic scale
of things — shows russet Martian deserts pockmarked with
craters and bright frosty
polar caps shrouded, in some regions, in a thin haze
of clouds.
Scientists thought most
of Vesta outside the south
polar region might be flat like the Moon, yet some
of the
craters outside that region formed on very steep slopes and have nearly vertical sides, with landslides often occurring in the regolith, the deep layer
of crushed rock on the surface.
On March 21, 2012, the MESSENGER team also revealed new supporting evidence that many permanently shadowed
craters in Mercury's
polar regions may harbor water ice insulated with a thin layer
of soil or dust, or some other radar - reflecting volatile substance such as sulfur.
Impact
craters at many latitudes sometimes expose thin ice layers a foot or so beneath Mars» surface.132 «At
polar latitudes, as much as 50 percent
of the upper meter
of soil may be [water] ice.»
The most conspicuous feature on Vesta is a giant impact
crater located around its south
polar region, which is 310 miles (499 kilometers) across and nearly 12 miles (19 km) deep around a «bull's - eye» central peak rising 11 miles (or 18 km) above the exposed mantle rock
of the
crater floor — that is characteristic
of rock rebounding from an impact.
Vesta's south
polar basin is dominated by two overlapping
craters, where the younger Rheasilvia impact obliterated most
of the slightly smaller Veneneia
crater about a billion years ago (more).