That include melting
of polar ice caps, economic consequences, warmer waters and more hurricanes or disasters, the spread of diseases and earthquakes.
In relation to fossil fuels and global warming, as the planet heats up, the oceans expand due to the melting
of polar ice sheets.
The slower - acting factors are the earth's orbital movements around the sun and the expansion and
retreat of the polar ice caps.
The world has never before seen such a rapid rise in greenhouse gases with the present - day configuration of the continents and with large
amounts of polar ice.
An examination of these changes gave them new insights into how
much of the polar ice cap's carbon dioxide freezes out of the atmosphere during winter.
While climate change is certainly a terrifying prospect, it is still somewhat difficult for many people to grasp exactly what the melting
of polar ice means for them.
We are already in territory that will melt catastrophic
portions of the polar ice sheets, and create havoc with weather extremes, agriculture, and infrastructure around the world in coming decades.
They are able to use satellites to monitor things like the
size of polar ice caps over time.
And given that much of this is related to the
loss of polar ice, a changing climate would appear to be at least partly — although perhaps not wholly — responsible.
It is increasingly clear that this rich ecosystem affects the melt
rates of polar ice and snow and could be accelerating climate change.
The report predicts that half of the world's identified tipping points — such as the
collapse of polar ice sheets and the drying out of the Amazon rainforest — would be crossed under 2 ℃ warming, compared with 20 % of them at 1.5 ℃.
Our study suggests that at medium sea levels, powerful forces, such as the dramatic
acceleration of polar ice cap melting, are not necessary to create abrupt climate shifts and temperature changes.»
Seas rising much faster, super storms in the coming decades, doubling and
re-doubling of polar ice melt — new Hansen paper.
During this experience the artist was profoundly inspired by the movements of ice viewed from the ship including melting glaciers and the icy
expanses of the polar ice caps.
Shipp, S.S., Wellner, J.S., and Anderson, J.B., Retreat significance
of a polar ice stream: sub-glacial geomorphic features and sediments from the Ross Sea, Antarctica: J.A. Dowdeswell and C. O'Cofaigh (eds.)
Hauling
chunks of polar ice to dry regions to provide fresh water sounds tempting but there are many reasons to reject it, says Olive Heffernan
Burko accompanied climatologists to the Arctic Svalbard as well as Greenland's Ilulissat Glacier to document the
shrinking of polar ice over time.
In an experimental cross-check, more than a dozen teams
of polar ice experts tried issuing experimental forecasts of the sea ice as conditions evolved through the spring and summer.
Archived and near real - time
Images of polar ice have been available to the public via the internet for years.
The
potential of polar ice sheets to serve as an archive for reconstruction of past atmospheric compositions has been well established (17, 18).
Antarctic sea ice is growing, while Arctic ice shrank by 10 percent since the first measurements
of polar ice from satellites in 1979.
On climate change, the bulletin scientists say it is worsening: after flattening out for some years, global greenhouse gas emissions have resumed their rise, and the
levels of the polar ice caps are at new lows.
Impacts of thermal expansion and melting mountain glaciers can be predicted with moderate confidence, but more uncertainty remains in the potential
behavior of polar ice sheets.
Drawing on odd, icy - looking landforms in earlier images, he and colleagues proposed in 2003 that in the geologic past, snow - fed glaciers and ice fields had covered much of the lower latitudes of Mars at the
expense of the polar ice caps (Science, 11 April 2003, p. 234).
The P - 3 Orion, based at NASA's Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia, will carry IceBridge's most comprehensive instrument suite: a scanning laser altimeter that measures surface elevation, three types of radar systems to study ice layers and the bedrock underneath the ice sheet, a high - resolution camera to create color
maps of polar ice, and infrared cameras to measure surface temperatures of sea and land ice.
Mount Belinda has begun erupting beneath its thick
cover of polar ice, allowing scientists their first chance to examine an Antarctic lava flow in action.