Increasing the quantity and quality of habitat for pollinators is a major part of this effort — with actions ranging from the construction
of pollinator gardens at Federal buildings to the restoration of millions of acres of Federally managed lands and similar actions on private lands.
To support these habitat - focused efforts, USDA and the Department of Interior are today issuing a set
of Pollinator - Friendly Best Management Practices for Federal Lands, providing practical guidance for planners and managers with land stewardship responsibilities.
While butterflies and honeybees attract the most attention in terms
of the pollinator species that are facing declines, Chris Hartley, the coordinator of science education at the Butterfly House in Faust Park, said that there are many more species of pollinator bees, beetles and flies.
It also identifies data needs and sampling techniques to answer questions related to effects of climate change on pollination, and makes recommendations on the recording and management
of pollinator interactions data.
Enteles hopes her art will raise awareness of the decline
of pollinator bees and their importance to ecology.
Recent devastating losses of honey bees due to «Colony Collapse Disorder», which appears to be the result of a virus introduced from Australia [23], has brought much attention to the issue
of pollinator health.
«One would assume that such a distructive type of farming would have negative consequences for the diversity
of pollinator species - particularly bees,» explains Landaverde - González.
For instance, in San Diego, where honey bees are not native, they are responsible for 75 percent
of pollinator visits to native plants, the highest honey bee dominance in the set of networks examined for any continental site in the introduced range of the honey bee.
An unprecedented study integrating data from around the globe has shown that honey bees are the world's most important single species
of pollinator in natural ecosystems and a key contributor to natural ecosystem functions.
«We think it is all about maximizing the efficiency, not only regarding the preciseness
of pollinator navigation and attraction to the cones, but also in terms of number of efficient dark hours.
The disadvantages of such specialization are that the reproductive success of the highly specialized plant wanes when its pollinator is absent, and the survival rate
of the pollinator decreases in the absence of the plant as well.
The results indicate that although land - use change is currently considered as the major driver
of pollinator declines in Europe, climate is the most important factor limiting the distribution of pollinators at large spatial scales.
This gives rise to concern, especially in the light of ongoing climate change which is likely to affect not only the distribution of important pollinator species but also the entire functional structure
of pollinator assemblages.
The team examined the crop species alfalfa (Medicago sativa), which requires insect pollination to produce seeds, and the native plant species common boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum), which is highly attractive to a wide range
of pollinator species.
Modern agriculture seems locked in a vicious circle
of pollinator destruction.
«One would assume that such a distructive type of farming would have negative consequences for the diversity
of pollinator species — particularly bees,» explains Landaverde - González.
We're creating and improving thousands of acres
of pollinator habitat in the U.S., reducing the use of agricultural pesticides and training people in pollinator conservation techniques that can save these unsung heroes of our food chain.»
In addition to attending in - store events, shoppers can purchase pollinator - friendly products that support The Xerces Society's goal of planting 100,000 acres
of pollinator habitat within the next 12 to 18 months.
Related on Organic Authority Cascadian Farm to Plant 100,000 Acres
of Pollinator Habitat by 2020 General Mills and Organic Valley are Increasing U.S. Organic Dairy Production General Mills Will Remove Artificial Colors and Flavors from its Fruit Snacks
Many natural brands have devoted profits, packaging and their platform to help change the trajectory
of the pollinator problem.
According to her, there are almost 56 connected miles
of pollinator habitats in the Raleigh - Durham area, thanks in part to these corporations doing their small part.
The more shaded farms also had significantly higher fruit set, which was positively related to the diversity
of pollinators.
Declines in populations
of pollinators now threaten both the yields of major food crops and the survival of wild plant species.
Of the hundred principal crops that make up most of the world's food supply, only 15 percent are pollinated by domestic bees (mostly honey bees, bumble bees and alfalfa leafcutter bees), while at least 80 percent are pollinated by wild bees and other wildlife (as there are an estimated 25 000 bee species, the total number
of pollinators probably exceeds 40 000 species).
The Good Food Awards has deep respect for the work of all beekeepers who are practicing responsible husbandry and caring for the health
of pollinators.
Whole Foods Market and The Xerces Society are joining forces to «share the buzz» about the plight
of the pollinators and empower shoppers to «bee» part of the solution.
We assessed the global exposure
of pollinators to neonicotinoids by analyzing 198 honey samples from across the world.
Miyako, a chemist at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology in Tsukuba, Japan, became passionate about the loss
of pollinators after watching a TV documentary.
«It might take ten to fifteen different species of native plants to support this array
of pollinators.»
Researchers examined the species and behaviors
of pollinators on different types of crops across the globe.
Water shortages, food riots, failed crops, the worldwide collapse
of pollinators: this is only the beginning.
Claire Kremen, a conservation biologist at the University of California, Berkeley (and Harmon - Threatt's mentor), has shown that the diversity
of pollinators drops with increasing distance from wild habitat, as does the number of visits by wild bees to flowering crops.
By studying entire networks
of pollinators and plants, however, biologists have learned that most native bees are far less picky than was imagined.
David Inouye, a University of Maryland researcher who studies the biology
of pollinators, echoed that point during remarks at the symposium.
One tree was cut down in 2006 to expand farmland, and insecticides decrease the number
of pollinators available to help the trees spread.
The White House in recent years has sought to highlight the importance
of pollinators, especially bees; for instance, the Obamas have kept a beehive in their garden and served as public cheerleaders for bees.
«This is the next wave of getting at the value
of pollinators.»
Hoverflies, which pollinate a wide range of plants, are the second most important group
of pollinators in Europe after bees, Wotton says.
The evolution of flowers is tightly linked to the evolution
of pollinators.
Studies on the ecology of flowers have underestimated the capabilities
of pollinators for a long time.
«Plus the chemicals in these scents are similar to those emitted from exhaust engines and we found that pollutant concentrations equivalent to urban environments can decrease the ability
of pollinators to find flowers.»
Dr. Oliver Schweiger, UFZ and deputy coordinator of STEP, says that «strong mitigation strategies are needed to preserve this important group
of pollinators if they are to continue to support food production and maintain the flower diversity of our landscapes.»
«The gardens attracted a diverse population comprised
of pollinators (30 + species and 16 + families) and beneficial insects (20 + species and 9 + families),» Harris noted.
«When the sunflowers became less crowded and more available, a broader range
of pollinators chose to visit them,» Brosi says.
With the flip of a single genetic switch, a flower can pull in a whole new set
of pollinators.
«If a nectar resource is abundant and highly rewarding, more types
of pollinators will go for it, leaving out some of the rarer plants that some of the other pollinator species normally specialize in.»
Yet our new findings also highlight just how little we know of bee parasites and the role they play in the decline
of pollinators.»
«There are two types
of pollinators, generalists and specialists,» said Fuentes.
Phenomena such as species» migration, extinction, intrusion; ecosystem stability; decline
of pollinators and pest invasion have to be monitored closely and identified momentarily.
Bees, the most important group
of pollinators [2,3], visit flowers for nectar, but also collect large amounts of pollen mainly to feed their offspring [4 — 6].