Sentences with phrase «of precipitation frequency»

The GCM's overestimation of precipitation frequency interferes with its skill to simulate the warmest summers characterized by relatively low precipitation.

Not exact matches

It also has seen a 71 percent increase in the frequency of extreme precipitation events — more than any other region in the United States, according to the paper.

The intensity, duration, and frequency of extreme temperature - and precipitation - based events are key components to understanding the climate of Chesapeake Bay.

«If we look at precipitation events over the long term, there is an increase in frequency of extremes.

The panel finds that humans have already contributed to an increase in the frequency and duration of heat waves and an intensification of heavy precipitation events.

CLOUDY WITH A CHANCE OF ERUPTION Yellowstone's Old Faithful geyser is famous for its near - clocklike regularity, but scientists with the U.S. Geological Survey recently determined that annual precipitation influences the overall frequency of eruptions in Yellowstone: The more it rains and snows nearby, the more often the geysers poOF ERUPTION Yellowstone's Old Faithful geyser is famous for its near - clocklike regularity, but scientists with the U.S. Geological Survey recently determined that annual precipitation influences the overall frequency of eruptions in Yellowstone: The more it rains and snows nearby, the more often the geysers poof eruptions in Yellowstone: The more it rains and snows nearby, the more often the geysers pop.

The authors predict a 25 % rise in the frequency of precipitation whiplash events by the end of the twenty - first century in northern California, increasing up to 100 % in southern California.

Daniel Swain and colleagues model how the frequency of these rapid, year - to - year transitions from extreme dry to wet conditions — which they dub «precipitation whiplash events» — may change in California's future as a consequence of man - made warming.

Researchers charge global warming with projected significant increases in the frequency of both extreme precipitation and landfalling atmospheric rivers

However, there has been a general trend of decreasing winter precipitation from 1950 to present; this pattern is most evident in the northwest and central portions of the state and may be due to increased frequency of El Niño events (see Climate chapter).

Spatial - temporal analysis of United States precipitation data from 1900 to 1999 indicates that the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) primarily modulates drought frequency.

This is addressed by evaluating change in global or large - scale patterns in the frequency or intensity of extremes (e.g., observed widespread intensification of precipitation extremes attributed to human influence, increase in frequency and intensity of hot extremes) and by event attribution methods.

According to Ghosh, the fast growth rate of these snails makes them «ideal candidate [s] to record high - frequency changes in the monsoon precipitation.»

The frequency and amount of precipitation falling in intense events are underestimated.

Using high - resolution modeling with theoretical and statistical analysis, researchers revealed a direct link between in - cloud processes and the frequency of precipitation extremes.

With each increment of warming, the frequency of hot extremes and heavy precipitation events worldwide rises dramatically.

Where antecedent A1 represents mean temperature, A2 represents mean precipitation, A3 represents mean ground frost frequency, A4 represents altitude, consequent B represents the number of individual plant species occurrences and E2 represents the stress tolerant - ruderal plant strategy of the plant species present.

Data of climate variables (mean precipitation; mean temperature; mean ground frost frequency) at monthly intervals (1961 - 90) were sourced from the IPCC (http://www.ipcc-data.org).

Mean temperature was noted as A1 (n,..., n), precipitation was noted as A2 (n,..., n), mean ground frost frequency was given as A3 (n,..., n), altitude was noted as A4 (n,..., n), the number of species was noted as B (n,..., n).

The assessment considered the impacts of several key drivers of climate change: sea level change; alterations in precipitation patterns and subsequent delivery of freshwater, nutrients, and sediment; increased ocean temperature; alterations in circulation patterns; changes in frequency and intensity of coastal storms; and increased levels of atmospheric CO2.

This rhythm in storm frequency may explain some of the recently observed increases in extreme precipitation events.

These variability trends indicate that the frequency of extremes (more drought events and more heavy precipitation events) has increased whereas the mean has remained approximately the same.

Mean temperature, mean monthly precipitation, frequency of hot / cold days / nights, and indices of extreme precipitation are all estimated for each country based on observed and modeled data.

I should add too that I was not allowed at work to study or talk about trends in frequency and magnitude of floods or trends in temperatures and precipitation, due to the «highly political and controversial subject of global warming».

I certainly agree that continued warming will increase the frequency of a variety of extremes related to heat, sea level, precipitation, etc. and in fact, some of that is already happening.

«Century of Data Shows Intensification of Water Cycle but No Increase in Storms or Floods Released: 3/15/2006 12:13:21 PM» (excerpt) A review of the findings from more than 100 peer - reviewed studies shows that although many aspects of the global water cycle have intensified, including precipitation and evaporation, this trend has not consistently resulted in an increase in the frequency or intensity of tropical storms or floods over the past century.

A clear and more detailed explanation can be found in Section 2.1 of the Simmons et al 2010 JGR article «Low - frequency variations in surface atmospheric humidity, temperature, and precipitation: Inferences from reanalyses and monthly gridded observational data sets» (doi: 10.1029 / 2009JD012442).

-- Projected precipitation and temperature changes imply changes in floods, although overall there is low confidence at the global scale regarding climate - driven changes in magnitude or frequency of river - related flooding, due to limited evidence and because the causes of regional changes are complex.

Second Assessment of Climate Change for the Baltic Sea Basin https://books.google.com/books?isbn=3319160060 The BACC II Author Team averaged frequency of extreme 1 - day precipitation totals above 15 mm and a... 4.6 Cloudiness and Solar Radiation 4.6.1 Cloudiness Records of cloudiness and solar... There is a trend of decreasing cloud cover over the Baltic Sea basin......

-- It is likely that the frequency of heavy precipitation will increase in the 21st century over many regions.

-- Increases in intensity and frequency of heat waves and extreme precipitation events (a category in which it includes droughts, floods, hurricanes and major storms)

Without El Niño and La Niña feeding into the climate model, the frequency of extreme precipitation in California stayed constant for the simulation's century and a half.

Visible changes in hydrological cycle have been observed in the form of changing precipitation patterns, cropping patterns, droughts, water availability periods, frequency and intensity of heatwaves, precipitation events and weather - induced natural disasters.

They include soaring temperatures, declining late - season snowpack, northward - shifted winter storm tracks, increasing precipitation intensity, the worst drought since measurements began, steep declines in Colorado River reservoir storage, widespread vegetation mortality, and sharp increases in the frequency of large wildfires.

Whether climate change is expressed as a rise in temperatures, or as changing precipitation patterns — it is at the extreme edges of the graph that the frequency of weather events suddenly multiplies dramatically.

This is especially true for the temperature extremes, but intensity, frequency and distribution of extreme precipitation are less well simulated.

This criterion may not be satisfied if observations are available only over a short time period (as is the case for the vertical structure of clouds), or if the predictor is defined through low - frequency variability (trends, decadal variability), or if there is a lack of consistency among available datasets (as in the case for global - mean precipitation and surface fluxes).

These might include the frequency and intensity of precipitation or heat waves, as well as other phenomena that occur naturally but whose magnitude or frequency could be subject to anthropogenic influences.

Accordingly, there is less certainty about the changes in frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones on a regional basis than for temperature and precipitation changes.

Increases in the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events are projected for all U.S. regions.

Snowfall varies across the region, comprising less than 10 % of total precipitation in the south, to more than half in the north, with as much as two inches of water available in the snowpack at the beginning of spring melt in the northern reaches of the river basins.81 When this amount of snowmelt is combined with heavy rainfall, the resulting flooding can be widespread and catastrophic (see «Cedar Rapids: A Tale of Vulnerability and Response»).82 Historical observations indicate declines in the frequency of high magnitude snowfall years over much of the Midwest, 83 but an increase in lake effect snowfall.61 These divergent trends and their inverse relationships with air temperatures make overall projections of regional impacts of the associated snowmelt extremely difficult.

Figure 9.6: Maps show the increase in frequency of extreme daily precipitation events (a daily amount that now occurs just once in 20 years) by the later part of this century (2081 - 2100) compared to the latter part of the last century (1981 - 2000).

Given projected increases in the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events in the Midwest (Chapter 2: Our Changing Climate, Key Message 6), 57 it appears that sewer overflow will continue to constitute a significant current health threat and a critical source of climate change vulnerability for major urban areas within the Midwest.

For the entire Northern Hemisphere, there is evidence of an increase in both storm frequency and intensity during the cold season since 1950,1 with storm tracks having shifted slightly towards the poles.2, 3 Extremely heavy snowstorms increased in number during the last century in northern and eastern parts of the United States, but have been less frequent since 2000.11,15 Total seasonal snowfall has generally decreased in southern and some western areas, 16 increased in the northern Great Plains and Great Lakes region, 16,17 and not changed in other areas, such as the Sierra Nevada, although snow is melting earlier in the year and more precipitation is falling as rain versus snow.18 Very snowy winters have generally been decreasing in frequency in most regions over the last 10 to 20 years, although the Northeast has been seeing a normal number of such winters.19 Heavier - than - normal snowfalls recently observed in the Midwest and Northeast U.S. in some years, with little snow in other years, are consistent with indications of increased blocking (a large scale pressure pattern with little or no movement) of the wintertime circulation of the Northern Hemisphere.5 However, conclusions about trends in blocking have been found to depend on the method of analysis, 6 so the assessment and attribution of trends in blocking remains an active research area.

2: Our Changing Climate, Key Message 5).2 Regional climate models (RCMs) using the same emissions scenario also project increased spring precipitation (9 % in 2041 - 2062 relative to 1979 - 2000) and decreased summer precipitation (by an average of about 8 % in 2041 - 2062 relative to 1979 - 2000) particularly in the southern portions of the Midwest.12 Increases in the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation are projected across the entire region in both GCM and RCM simulations (Figure 18.6), and these increases are generally larger than the projected changes in average precipitation.12, 2

Following a centuries - long dry period with high fire frequency (c. AD 1400 - 1790), annual precipitation increased, fire frequency decreased, and the season of fire shifted from predominantly midsummer to late spring....

The frequency of heavy precipitation events has already increased for the nation as a whole, and is projected to increase in all U.S. regions (Ch.

There are also multiple studies associating extreme precipitation events with waterborne disease outbreaks.59 This evidence of responsiveness of waterborne disease to weather and climate, combined with evidence strongly suggesting that temperatures will increase and extreme precipitation events will increase in frequency and severity (Ch.

In weather systems, convergence of increased water vapor leads to more intense precipitation and the risk of heavy rain and snow events, but may also lead to reductions in duration and / or frequency of rain events, given that total amounts do not change much.

There are multiple studies associating extreme precipitation events with waterborne disease outbreaks and strong climatological evidence for increasing frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events in the future.