Sentences with phrase «of precipitation intensity»

Not exact matches

The intensity, duration, and frequency of extreme temperature - and precipitation - based events are key components to understanding the climate of Chesapeake Bay.
The models also projected an increase in intensity of the ARs, meaning an AR impacting the UK in the future is projected to deliver more moisture, potentially causing larger precipitation totals.
The study establishes a method for estimating UHI intensities using PRISM — Parameter - elevation Relationships on Independent Slopes Model — climate data, an analytical model that creates gridded estimates by incorporating climatic variables (temperature and precipitation), expert knowledge of climatic events (rain shadows, temperature inversions and coastal regimes) and digital elevation.
Given the revised timeline in this region, Willenbring and colleagues determined that the increased precipitation resulted from changes in the intensity of the sun's radiation on the Earth, which is based on the planet's tilt in orbit.
Their hydrogen isotopic composition can be used as an indicator of past precipitation intensity.
Climate scientists know that the intensity of extreme precipitation events is on the rise because there's more water vapor in the atmosphere caused by higher global and sea temperatures.
This lengthened journey prolongs their growth stage and boosts the eventual intensity and amount of precipitation.
This is addressed by evaluating change in global or large - scale patterns in the frequency or intensity of extremes (e.g., observed widespread intensification of precipitation extremes attributed to human influence, increase in frequency and intensity of hot extremes) and by event attribution methods.
Knutson, T.R., and R.E. Tuleya, 2004: Impact of CO2 - induced warming on simulated hurricane intensity and precipitation: Sensitivity to the choice of climate model and convective parameterization.
Data analyses have found an increase of drought intensity at many locations [130]--[131] The magnitude of change depends on the drought index employed [132], but soil moisture provides a good means to separate the effect of shifting seasonal precipitation and confirms an overall drought intensification [37].
The drainage basin as an open system with inputs (precipitation of varying type and intensity), outputs (evaporation and transpiration), flows (infiltration, throughflow, overland flow and base flow) and stores (including vegetation, soil, aquifers and the cryosphere)
We know that precipitation intensity has been increasing (the amount of rain that falls in the most intense events) across the northern hemisphere — this was clear in the literature even before the Pall et al paper.
The assessment considered the impacts of several key drivers of climate change: sea level change; alterations in precipitation patterns and subsequent delivery of freshwater, nutrients, and sediment; increased ocean temperature; alterations in circulation patterns; changes in frequency and intensity of coastal storms; and increased levels of atmospheric CO2.
The mean precipitation intensity is related to the mean evaporation and is proportional to the ratio of the areas of evaporation and rainfall:
By looking at the signatures of climate change in precipitation intensity and comparing that to the internal variability and the observation, the researchers conclude that the probability of intense precipitation on any given day has increased by 7 percent over the last 50 years — well outside the bounds of natural variability.
The differences in the area of evaporation and precipitation has a similar effect as a funnel: if the mean evaporation over a large area is returned a smaller, then the mean intensity is amplified by the factor of.
He cited a recent analysis by scientists from the National Climatic Data Center that confirmed earlier studies showing a substantial increase already in the intensity of precipitation across the United States, interspersed by longer dry spells.
«Century of Data Shows Intensification of Water Cycle but No Increase in Storms or Floods Released: 3/15/2006 12:13:21 PM» (excerpt) A review of the findings from more than 100 peer - reviewed studies shows that although many aspects of the global water cycle have intensified, including precipitation and evaporation, this trend has not consistently resulted in an increase in the frequency or intensity of tropical storms or floods over the past century.
Knutson & Tuleya (2004) Impact of CO2 - Induced Warming on Simulated Hurricane Intensity and Precipitation: Sensitivity to the Choice of Climate Model and Convective Parameterization, J. Clim.
Understanding past changes in the characteristics of such events, including recent increases in the intensity of heavy precipitation events over a large part of the Northern Hemisphere land area (3 — 5), is critical for reliable projections of future changes.
-- Increases in intensity and frequency of heat waves and extreme precipitation events (a category in which it includes droughts, floods, hurricanes and major storms)
«Since the AR4, there is some new limited direct evidence for an anthropogenic influence on extreme precipitation, including a formal detection and attribution study and indirect evidence that extreme precipitation would be expected to have increased given the evidence of anthropogenic influence on various aspects of the global hydrological cycle and high confidence that the intensity of extreme precipitation events will increase with warming, at a rate well exceeding that of the mean precipitation..
Feynman andRuzmaikin (1999) found that, «the intensity of cosmic rays incident on the magnetopause has decreased markedly during this century,» i.e., the twentieth century (and also that, «the pattern of cosmic ray precipitation through the magnetosphere to the upper troposphere has also changed.»
Visible changes in hydrological cycle have been observed in the form of changing precipitation patterns, cropping patterns, droughts, water availability periods, frequency and intensity of heatwaves, precipitation events and weather - induced natural disasters.
They include soaring temperatures, declining late - season snowpack, northward - shifted winter storm tracks, increasing precipitation intensity, the worst drought since measurements began, steep declines in Colorado River reservoir storage, widespread vegetation mortality, and sharp increases in the frequency of large wildfires.
Thomas R. Knutson and Robert E. Tuleya, «Impact of CO2 - Induced Warming on Simulated Hurricane Intensity and Precipitation: Sensitivity to the Choice of Climate Model and Convective Parameterization,» Journal of Climate, vol.
This is especially true for the temperature extremes, but intensity, frequency and distribution of extreme precipitation are less well simulated.
These might include the frequency and intensity of precipitation or heat waves, as well as other phenomena that occur naturally but whose magnitude or frequency could be subject to anthropogenic influences.
Accordingly, there is less certainty about the changes in frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones on a regional basis than for temperature and precipitation changes.
resulting in increased severity and / or intensity of heat waves, heavy precipitation events, droughts, tropical cyclones and extreme high sea levels [AR4 WGI SPM, p. 8],
Increases in the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events are projected for all U.S. regions.
Moreover, because of the effects of wind speed, evaporation, and precipitation intensity, different types of rain gauge, and observation techniques induce different errors in precipitation measurements.
Given projected increases in the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events in the Midwest (Chapter 2: Our Changing Climate, Key Message 6), 57 it appears that sewer overflow will continue to constitute a significant current health threat and a critical source of climate change vulnerability for major urban areas within the Midwest.
precipitation, and intensity / time, and soil readiness to absorb rain — and much else — are going to affect how much soil moisture increases after the rain's done, versus how much of that rain ran off somewhere else.
For the entire Northern Hemisphere, there is evidence of an increase in both storm frequency and intensity during the cold season since 1950,1 with storm tracks having shifted slightly towards the poles.2, 3 Extremely heavy snowstorms increased in number during the last century in northern and eastern parts of the United States, but have been less frequent since 2000.11,15 Total seasonal snowfall has generally decreased in southern and some western areas, 16 increased in the northern Great Plains and Great Lakes region, 16,17 and not changed in other areas, such as the Sierra Nevada, although snow is melting earlier in the year and more precipitation is falling as rain versus snow.18 Very snowy winters have generally been decreasing in frequency in most regions over the last 10 to 20 years, although the Northeast has been seeing a normal number of such winters.19 Heavier - than - normal snowfalls recently observed in the Midwest and Northeast U.S. in some years, with little snow in other years, are consistent with indications of increased blocking (a large scale pressure pattern with little or no movement) of the wintertime circulation of the Northern Hemisphere.5 However, conclusions about trends in blocking have been found to depend on the method of analysis, 6 so the assessment and attribution of trends in blocking remains an active research area.
2: Our Changing Climate, Key Message 5).2 Regional climate models (RCMs) using the same emissions scenario also project increased spring precipitation (9 % in 2041 - 2062 relative to 1979 - 2000) and decreased summer precipitation (by an average of about 8 % in 2041 - 2062 relative to 1979 - 2000) particularly in the southern portions of the Midwest.12 Increases in the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation are projected across the entire region in both GCM and RCM simulations (Figure 18.6), and these increases are generally larger than the projected changes in average precipitation.12, 2
Balling, Jr., R. C., and G. B. Goodrich, 2011: Spatial analysis of variations in precipitation intensity in the USA.
Results show that higher - resolution models significantly improve the simulation of mean precipitation, the distribution of precipitation, and spatial patterns, intensity and seasonality of precipitation extremes.
Additional research is examining other types of climate extremes in precipitation and event intensity.
In this paper, the intensity and the spatial structure of ocean - atmosphere feedback terms (precipitation, surface wind stress, and ocean surface heat flux) associated with ENSO are evaluated for six different reanalysis products.
There are multiple studies associating extreme precipitation events with waterborne disease outbreaks and strong climatological evidence for increasing frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events in the future.
Recognizing that the impacts of changes in the frequency and intensity of these storms can easily exceed the impacts of changes in average temperature or precipitation, climate scientists are actively researching the connections between climate change and severe storms.
Although there is as yet no convincing evidence in the observed record of changes in tropical cyclone behaviour, a synthesis of the recent model results indicates that, for the future warmer climate, tropical cyclones will show increased peak wind speed and increased mean and peak precipitation intensities.
No matter the probability or intensity of USGS ARkStorm it would have to drop precipitation (not snowpack which melts slower) where the watersheds are for the 10 dams in Northern California shown on the map at the following link (the 2 dams in Southern California only receive water from the Northern Cal dams and should not be considered): Link
As I explained above — major dams are designed by a different method of estimating probable maximum precipitation from recorded high intensity storm precipitation transformed by local and regional factors including moisture availability.
Under this scenario, peak precipitation rates are likely to increase by 25 % as a result of increases in maximum tropical cyclone wind intensities, which in turn cause higher storm surges.
A new Nature Geoscience paper (subscription required) considers the intensity of precipitation measured hour by hour for a century in the Dutch town of De Bilt.
Warmer waters increase storm intensity / precipitation and create coral bleaching, thus destroys the world's coral reef's, a ocean ecosystem «the rainforest of the ocean» and contains major food web's.
The intensity / frequency of precipitation events in a global context under the wider context of climate change is always worth exploring.
America's WETLAND Foundation Restore - Adapt - Mitigate: Responding To Climate Change Through Coastal Habitat Restoration PDF Coastal habitats are being subjected to a range of stresses from climate change; many of these stresses are predicted to increase over the next century The most significant effects are likely to be from sea - level rise, increased storm and wave intensity, temperature increases, carbon dioxide concentration increases, and changes in precipitation that will alter freshwater delivery.....
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