Sentences with phrase «of precipitation variations»

A dynamic multiple regression approach for quantifying the relative impact of precipitation variations and streamflow generation conditions on runoff

Not exact matches

The researchers also found that a substantial amount of genetic variation among individual warblers is associated with the different precipitation levels of their respective environments.

Although the study does not directly identify a link between this type of variation and current climate change vulnerability, these precipitation - linked variables could be a source of vulnerability in the future, Bay and her colleagues noted.

The results show that the correlation between climate change — i.e. the variation in temperature and precipitation between glacials and interglacials — and the loss of megafauna is weak, and can only be seen in one sub-region, namely Eurasia (Europe and Asia).

Variations in the thickness of the layers is determined by a combination of the amount of water seeping into the cave and the concentration of carbon dioxide in the cave's atmosphere so, when conditions are right, they can provide a measure of how the amount of precipitation above the cave varies over time.

Using U.S. Weather Service data on precipitation, radiosonde measurements of CAPE and lightning - strike counts from the National Lightning Detection Network at the University of Albany, State University of New York (UAlbany), they concluded that 77 percent of the variations in lightning strikes could be predicted from knowing just these two parameters.

Researchers from the University of California Irvine have shown that a phenomenon known as the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO)-- a natural pattern of variation in North Atlantic sea surface temperatures that switches between a positive and negative phase every 60 - 70 years — can affect an atmospheric circulation pattern, known as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), that influences the temperature and precipitation over the Northern Hemisphere in winter.

This process of smoothing the original water isotope variations from precipitation is dependent on the temperature, as the water molecules in vapour form are more mobile at warmer temperatures.

However, unlike the climate model simulations, the new precipitation reconstruction does not show an increase of wet and dry anomalies in the twentieth century compared to the natural variations of the past millennium.

Trenberth points to disconcerting discrepancies and spurious variations in records, including those of precipitation and solar radiation, derived from different satellite sensors.

Centennial Variations of the Global Monsoon Precipitation in the Last Millennium: Results from ECHO - G Model

In addition, year - to - year fluctuations in spring precipitation may be contributing to variation in the timing of runoff among years (Pederson et al. 2011a).

January precipitation accounts for 15 % of annual variation, showing that winter precipitation from the Powder River's alpine headwaters in Wyoming is also important.

Natural variation in precipitation influences snowmelt timing and the seasonal distribution of streamflow.

On decadal time scales, annual streamflow variation and precipitation are driven by large - scale patterns of climate variability, such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (see teleconnections description in Climate chapter)(Pederson et al. 2011a; Seager and Hoerling 2014).

The AMO is likely to be a driver of multi-decadal variations in Sahel droughts, precipitation in the Caribbean, summer climate of both North America and Europe, sea ice concentration in the Greenland Sea and sea level pressure over the southern USA, the North Atlantic and southern Europe (e.g., Venegas and Mysak, 2000; Goldenberg et al., 2001; Sutton and Hodson, 2005; Trenberth and Shea, 2006).

Changes in production are directly linked to variations in temperature and precipitation during the growing season and often to the offseason changes in weather because of soil water storage to replenish the soil profile.

The following table corresponding to the wet 1969 shows the variation of precipitation in different places of Santa Cruz Island:

The average probability that some form of precipitation will be observed in any given day is only 2 %, with little variation over the month.

The average probability that some form of precipitation will be observed in March is 32 % with little variation.

For example, [Kruss 1983] has this to say about the Lewis glacier on Mt. Kenya: «A decrease in the annual precipitation on the order of 150 mm in the last quarter of the 19th century, followed by a secular air temperature rise of a few tenths of a degree centigrade during the first half of the 20th century, together with associated albedo and cloudiness variation, constitute the most likely cause of the Lewis Glacier wastage during the last 100 years.»

A clear and more detailed explanation can be found in Section 2.1 of the Simmons et al 2010 JGR article «Low - frequency variations in surface atmospheric humidity, temperature, and precipitation: Inferences from reanalyses and monthly gridded observational data sets» (doi: 10.1029 / 2009JD012442).

«Impact of interannual variations in sources of insoluble aerosol species on orographic precipitation over California's central Sierra Nevada.»

Heck, even if AGW weren't an issue, understanding the range of climate variation (that is temperature, precipitation, cloud cover, etc) expected from natural variability is still something that needs quantifying accurately, especially as we zoom towards a 10 - billion world population with all of the major agricultural areas concentrated in small regions of the globe.

Our observational studies (Gray and Schwartz, 2010 and 2011) of the variations of outward radiation (IR + albedo) energy flux to space (ISCCP data) vs. tropical and global precipitation increase (from NCEP reanalysis data) indicates that there is not a reduction of global net radiation (IR + Albedo) to space which is associated with increased global or tropical - regional rainfall.

This leads to the following chain of causes and effects: decreased mass variations reduce the numerically induced alternating patterns in the horizontal velocity components, which reduce erroneous vertical mass fluxes, which reduce erroneous precipitation.

For example, deficiencies remain in the simulation of tropical precipitation, the El Niño - Southern Oscillation and the Madden - Julian Oscillation (an observed variation in tropical winds and rainfall with a time scale of 30 to 90 days).

Balling, Jr., R. C., and G. B. Goodrich, 2011: Spatial analysis of variations in precipitation intensity in the USA.

Despite the complexity of global food supply, here we show that simple measures of growing season temperatures and precipitation — spatial averages based on the locations of each crop — explain ~ 30 % or more of year - to - year variations in global average yields for the world's six most widely grown crops.

(C) Precipitation magnitude (Axis 1 of a PCA of monthly total precipitation representing 48 % oPrecipitation magnitude (Axis 1 of a PCA of monthly total precipitation representing 48 % oprecipitation representing 48 % of variation).

(H) Coefficient of variation of total monthly precipitation (cm).

Characteristics of temporal variations of precipitation for Seoul, Korea, have been examined using a 220 - yr record.

The first two axes comprised 69 % and 20 % of the variation in monthly temperatures and 48 % and 21 % of the variation in monthly precipitations.

In the mid-latitudes, where most of the continental U.S. is located, there is an upward trend in extreme precipitation in the vicinity of fronts associated with mid-latitude storms.1 Locally, natural variations can also be important.14

More Scientific Evidence For CO2's Dubious Climate Impact Emerges Image Source: Robertson and Chilingar, 2017 According to the most basic precepts of anthropogenic global warming (AGW), variations in CO2 concentrations exert significant control on sea surface temperatures, glaciers, sea levels, and generalized climate dynamics (i.e., precipitation patterns).

Depending on the region, the persistence from spring to summer of soil moisture or snow anomalies generated during spring by temperature and precipitation variations may explain river flows variations in summer, when no concomitant climate variations exist.

We conclude by underlining that the observed variation of glacier surface and SLA changes could be explained by the increase of temperature and decrease of precipitation in recent years.

Dynamics determine largely when and where precipitation falls and that is a determined largely by fairly constant rotation of the earth, orbital variation, and the location of the oceans and continents.

Many climatic parameters (ground and ocean surface temperatures, pressure, atmospheric precipitation, etc.) have temporal variations with characteristic periods from several to several tens of years or more.

(3) The publication of the scientific manuscript «Centennial variations of the global monsoon precipitation in the last millennium: Results from ECHO - G model» by Jiau Liu, Bin Wang, Qinghua Ding, Xueyuan Kuang, Willie Soon and Eduaordo Zorita (2009) in press for the peer - reviewed journal Journal of Climate.

Simulations also showed there may have been an effect of large interannual variations in precipitation, causing an imbalance between leaf area and stem growth, with negative impacts on tree vigor.

An interesting result of this study is the simulated response of trees to the inter-annual variations in precipitation.

Citation: Liu, J., B. Wang, Q. Ding, X. Kuang, W. Soon, and E. Zorita, 2009a: Centennial variations of the global monsoon precipitation in the last millennium: results from ECHO - G model.

ENSO has been related to variations of precipitation and temperature over much of the tropics and sub-tropics, and some mid-latitude areas.

Year - to - year variation in the intensity and latitude of this cell is the major determinant of the variation in annual precipitation in the mid latitudes of the southern Andes.

The AMO is likely to be a driver of multi-decadal variations in Sahel droughts, precipitation in the Caribbean, summer climate of both North America and Europe, sea ice concentration in the Greenland Sea and sea level pressure over the southern USA, the North Atlantic and southern Europe (e.g., Venegas and Mysak, 2000; Goldenberg et al., 2001; Sutton and Hodson, 2005; Trenberth and Shea, 2006).

It's a mode of natural variation in the tropical eastern Pacific ocean which is indicated by sea surface temperature in that region, as well as patterns of atmospheric pressure, surface winds over the ocean, even precipitation over a much larger region.

N (1) Natural mechanisms play well more than a negligible role (as claimed by the IPCC) in the net changes in the climate system, which includes temperature variations, precipitation patterns, weather events, etc., and the influence of increased CO2 concentrations on climatic changes are less pronounced than currently imagined.

Variations in precipitation matter only insofar as it is a predicted outcome of AGW.

They found that ocean temperature variations cause up to 40 % of the changes to precipitation, depending on location.